The IPCC uses a very specific language when it comes to expressing the degree of uncertainty or agreement for each statement in the fifth assessment report. For an overview of the specific meaning of each qualifier, you can read the relevant section in our summary of the Working Group I report.
Climate Change: Implications for EnergyECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the energy sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Linking the energy crisis with climate change, Ritu Mathu, TERI University, I...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
Climate Change: Implications for EnergyECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the energy sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Linking the energy crisis with climate change, Ritu Mathu, TERI University, I...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum Presentation (April 24, 2014)Laura Lee Dooley
The presentation given by Dr. R.K. Pachauri at the FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum 2014: "Indo-U.S. Partnership: A Catalyst for Economic Growth". This was a side event to the International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards celebration held in Tampa, Florida in April, 2014.
Path to 6G Environmental Sustainability … the UrgencyMarie-Paule Odini
Keynote IEEE 5G World - Telecom and ICT impact is increasing due to exponential traffic growth. The urgency now is to reduce environmental footprint for a sustainable new generation of telecom , GreenG
Infographic: Buildings and Climate Change ECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the agriculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary.
Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Infographic: Climate Change and the Energy SectorECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the energy sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary.
Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
What's in it for Small Island Developing States? Key findings from the IPCC's...CDKN
This presentation, What's in it for Small Island Developing States? Key findings, evaluates what the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report has to say about the future of Small Island Developing States's climate in a series of innovative infographics, key facts, statements and images.
This presentation is free to use by anyone for educational purposes. Please feel free to share the slideshow and help continue the discussion on climate change.
Climate Change: Implications for BuildingsECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years. This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the building sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
What's in it for South Asia? Key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Re...CDKN
This presentation, What's in it for South Asia? Key findings evaluates what the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report has to say about the future of South Asia's climate in a series of innovative infographics, key facts, statements and images.
This presentation is free to use by anyone for educational purposes. Please feel free to share the slideshow and help continue the discussion on climate change.
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum Presentation (April 24, 2014)Laura Lee Dooley
The presentation given by Dr. R.K. Pachauri at the FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum 2014: "Indo-U.S. Partnership: A Catalyst for Economic Growth". This was a side event to the International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards celebration held in Tampa, Florida in April, 2014.
Path to 6G Environmental Sustainability … the UrgencyMarie-Paule Odini
Keynote IEEE 5G World - Telecom and ICT impact is increasing due to exponential traffic growth. The urgency now is to reduce environmental footprint for a sustainable new generation of telecom , GreenG
Infographic: Buildings and Climate Change ECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the agriculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary.
Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Infographic: Climate Change and the Energy SectorECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the energy sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary.
Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
What's in it for Small Island Developing States? Key findings from the IPCC's...CDKN
This presentation, What's in it for Small Island Developing States? Key findings, evaluates what the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report has to say about the future of Small Island Developing States's climate in a series of innovative infographics, key facts, statements and images.
This presentation is free to use by anyone for educational purposes. Please feel free to share the slideshow and help continue the discussion on climate change.
Climate Change: Implications for BuildingsECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years. This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the building sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely, relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
What's in it for South Asia? Key findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Re...CDKN
This presentation, What's in it for South Asia? Key findings evaluates what the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report has to say about the future of South Asia's climate in a series of innovative infographics, key facts, statements and images.
This presentation is free to use by anyone for educational purposes. Please feel free to share the slideshow and help continue the discussion on climate change.
Nobel Laureate Mario Molina spoke about the impact of energy on climate change at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's public forum on Greening North America's Energy Economy in Calgary on 24 April 2013. More at: http://cec.org/jpacenergy
Secure Supply USA FIlls the GREEN H2 Energy Storage and Mw Class Energy Generation application which provide's a unique place within the Hydrogen Council's project's.
www.securesupplyusa.com
The Coupled Climate-Energy System: Limiting Global Climatic Disruption by Rev...Larry Smarr
10.07.23
Invited Seminar
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Title: The Coupled Climate-Energy System: Limiting Global Climatic Disruption by Revolutionary Change in the Global Energy System
Boulder, CO
WWF: Policy Expectations for COP 19 WarsawWWF ITALIA
Oggi possiamo salvare il clima e conquistare un futuro di benessere per noi e i nostri figli. Bruciare i combustibili fossili per procurarsi energia e calore ha portato la concentrazione di CO2 in atmosfera ai livelli di 3 milioni di anni fa. Dobbiamo riconquistare l'energia, puntare sulle fonti rinnovabili e l’efficienza energetica. Occorre investire le risorse pubbliche e private nel nostro futuro. E invece i nostri soldi continuano a finanziare il passato fossile. E' ora di cambiare noi, non il clima." Mariagrazia Midulla, Responsabile Clima ed Energia
http://www.wwf.it/riprenditilenergia.cfm
Low Carbon China - Innovation Beyond Efficiencypolicysolutions
Radical innovation is essential to achieve green growth. This paper presents three case studies of business model innovation: fertilizer, lighting services and end-of-life treatment of tires. It makes the case that a culture of innovation is the basis for a low-carbon economy, which demands that we individually and collectively:
• Aspire to transformational, not incremental change;
• Adopt new behaviors and think differently.
English translation of Mandarin original (in press with the Chinese journal Plant Engineering Consultants)
Spreng, D. (2005). Distribution of energy consumption and the 2000 W/capita t...morosini1952
Abstract
This viewpoint discusses the intra- and international distribution of energy consumption and their implications for
intergenerational equity. For global development to be sustainable, the inequality of energy consumption must have an upper
limit. A graphic depiction of energy consumption distributions (intra- and international) shows that today’s inequalities are large
andit is arguedthat we may have already reachedor perhaps even surpassed the sustainability limit of energy consumption
inequality.
So here is Issue 4. This is a consolidation issue for the first two criterion of the Emissions Model, showing how they can be used to begin structuring of a national reduction plan.
IPCC, role of IPCC, IPCC AR5, key messages. approach in climate change mitigation, trends of green house gases, mitigation pathways and measures, mitigation policies and institutions,
Executive Summary for the IEA's annual World Energy Outlook, the 2016 edition. The Outlook predicts natural gas use will continue to rise, while coal will continue to fall. "We see clear winners for the next 25 years, natural gas, but especially wind and solar, replacing the champion of the previous 25 years, coal," said Fatih Birol, IEA's executive director.
La biologie de synthèse utilise des méthodes plus simples et plus rapides pour produire des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM).
Quels sont les risques potentiels?
La biología sintética utiliza métodos más rápidos y sencillos para producir organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG).
¿Qué riesgos conlleva la biología sintética?
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...GreenFacts
L’utilisation commerciale des nanomatériaux est relativement nouvelle et si certaines applications pourraient être prometteuses et bénéfiques, elle soulève également des questions quant à sa sûreté.
La silice sous forme nano dans les cosmétiques est-elle dangereuse ?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?GreenFacts
El uso comercial de los nanomateriales es relativamente reciente y, si bien puede tener aplicaciones prometedoras y beneficiosas, también plantea problemas de seguridad.
¿Es peligrosa la presencia de nanosílice en los cosméticos?
A la luz de estudios científicos recientes sobre las amalgamas dentales, el SCENIHR (Comité Científico de los Riesgos Sanitarios Emergentes y Recientemente Identificados) ha revisado su dictamen de 2008 sobre la seguridad y el rendimiento de las amalgamas dentales y las posibles alternativas, como compuestos a base de resina, cementos de ionómero de vidrio y cerámicas.
El mercurio, elemento metálico utilizado en los empastes de amalgama, tiene efectos sanitarios bien conocidos y documentados. ¿Plantean algún riesgo las amalgamas dentales y los materiales alternativos?
In light of recent scientific studies on dental amalgam, SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks) revisited its 2008 opinion on the safety and performance of both dental amalgam and possible alternatives (i.e. resin-based composites, glass ionomer cements and ceramics).
Mercury, which is the metallic element used in dental amalgam fillings, has well-documented and well-known health effects. Do dental amalgam and alternative materials pose any risks?
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?GreenFacts
Un nouvel avis du SCENIHR examine les dernières données concernant l’impact sur la santé des technologies les plus récentes. Cette fiche d’information est fondée sur l’avis scientifique du Comité scientifique des risques sanitaires
émergents et nouveaux indépendant (SCENIHR) : «Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields
(EMF)».
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit itGreenFacts
Over the last century, antibiotics have radically changed the
way we treat infections. They are an important tool for modern medicine, but unfortunately their misuse have led to the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
What has caused it and how can the spread of resistance be limited?
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...GreenFacts
El creciente uso de nanomateriales en una amplia gama de productos de consumo
ha llevado a revaluar la seguridad de varias sustancias, entre ellas el dióxido
de titanio (TiO2). El dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas
se utiliza como decolorante en cremas y lociones, y actualmente está aprobado como
filtro UV para protectores solares. ¿Son seguros los protectores solares con nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio? ¿Se comportan estas nanopartículas de
manera diferente a otras partículas de dióxido de titanio? ¿Cómo se evalúan los riesgos de las nanopartículas? La presente hoja informativa contiene todas las respuestas.
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?GreenFacts
The increasing use of nanomaterials in a wide range of
consumer products has prompted a re-evaluation of the safety of a number of subs tances, including titanium
dioxide (TiO2). Titanium dioxide, in the form of nanoparticles used to render creams and lotions transparent, is currently approved as a UV-filter in sunscreens. Are sunscreens with titanium dioxide nanoparticles safe? Do these nanoparticles behave
differently than other particles of titanium dioxide?
How are the risks of nanoparticles evaluated?
This fact sheet tells you all about it.
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?GreenFacts
Die zunehmende Verwendung von Nanomaterialien
in einer großen Anzahl von Konsumgütern hat
eine erneute Abschätzung der Sicherheit einer
Reihe von Substanzen, einschließlich des
Titandioxids (TiO2), nötig gemacht.
Titandioxid, das in der Form von Nanopartikeln verwendet wird um Cremes und Lotionen transparent zu machen, wird derzeit als UV-Filter in Sonnenschutzmitteln zugelassen. Sind
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid-Nanopartikeln
sicher? Verhalten sich diese Nanopartikel anders als
andere Partikel des Titandioxids? Wie werden die Gefahren
von Nanopartikeln abgeschätzt? In diesem Informationsblatt
erfahren Sie alles darüber.
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...GreenFacts
L’utilisation croissante de nanomatériaux dans toute une série de produits de consommation a donné lieu à une
réévaluation de la sécurité de certaines substances,
notamment le dioxyde de titane (TiO2). Le dioxyde de
titane, sous la forme de nanoparticules
utilisées pour rendre les crèmes et les lotions
transparentes, est actuellement approuvé en tant que
filtre UV dans les écrans solaires. Les écrans solaires
contenant des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane
sont-ils sûrs ? Ces nanoparticules se comportent-elles
différemment des autres particules de dioxyde de titane
? Comment les risques des nanoparticules sontils
évalués ? Cette fiche d’information vous dit tout.
Les nanoparticules d’argent sont-elles sûres ?GreenFacts
L’argent est largement utilisé pour son activité antibactérienne dans les produits médicaux et de
consommation en raison de son large éventail
d’activités et de sa toxicité moindre par rapport à d’autres bactéricides.
De plus en plus de produits utilisent l’argent sous
forme de nanoparticules pour son activité bactéricide
plus efficace, qui permet de l’utiliser en
plus petite quantité. Ces nanoparticules sontelles
sûres pour votre santé et l’environnement
? Les micro-organismes peuvent-ils développer
une résistance aux effets de l’argent ?
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC report 2014 Working Group III
1. Climate
Change
mitigation:
IPCC
report
2014
WG
III
1
This is a faithful summary of the leading
scientific consensus report produced in 2014 by
the IPCC : "Climate Change 2014: Mitigation
of Climate Change”
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit
global warming IPCC report 2014 Working Group III
How are uncertainties handled in this
report?
The
IPCC
uses
a
very
specific
language
when
it
comes
to
expressing
the
degree
of
uncertainty
or
agreement
for
each
statement
in
the
fifth
assessment
report.
For
an
overview
of
the
specific
meaning
of
each
qualifier,
you
can
read
the
relevant
section
in
our
summary
of
the
Working
Group
I
report.
What is projected by emission scenarios?
For
scenarios
without
mitigation
efforts
beyond
those
in
place
today,
greenhouse
gas
concentrations
would
reach
750
to
over
1300
ppm
CO2eq
by
2100
(versus
400
ppm
now).
Global
surface
temperature
would
increase
by
2.5
to
7.8
°C
over
pre-‐industrial
levels
(high
confidence).
Greenhouse
gases
emissions
are
expected
to
continue
to
grow
in
all
sectors
except
agriculture,
forestry
and
other
land
uses
(robust
evidence,
medium
agreement).
By
2050,
the
emissions
from
the
energy
supply
sector
are
projected
to
triple
compared
to
2010,
mainly
from
the
electricity
used
in
buildings
and
industry.
Emissions
from
transport
and
buildings
are
projected
to
almost
double,
unless
improvements
in
energy
efficiency
are
accelerated
(medium
evidence,
medium
agreement).
Scenarios
limiting
CO2eq
concentrations
to
about
450
ppm
by
2100
–
necessary
to
limit
global
warming
to
2°C
above
pre-‐industrial
levels
–
require
greenhouse
gas
emissions
that
are
40%
to
70%
lower
in
2050
than
in
2010,
and
near
zero
in
2100.
This
requires
large-‐scale
global
changes
in
the
energy
supply
sector
(robust
evidence,
high
agreement).
Scenarios
that
exceed
650
ppm
CO2eq
by
2100
are
unlikely
to
limit
global
warming
to
2°C
above
pre-‐
industrial
levels.
How can climate impact mitigations
objectives best be reached?
If
mitigation
efforts
are
delayed,
it
would
be
more
difficult
to
limit
global
warming
to
2°C
and
the
range
of
options
would
be
more
limited
(high
confidence).
Infrastructure
development
and
long-‐lived
products
can
lock
a
society
into
a
pathway
of
high
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
something
that
can
be
difficult
and
costly
to
change.
This
reinforces
the
importance
of
early
action
for
ambitious
mitigation
(robust
evidence,
high
agreement).
Since
most
greenhouse
gases
accumulate
over
time
and
mix
globally,
climate
change
can
only
be
effectively
mitigated
if
collective
actions
are
taken
at
the
global
scale.
International
cooperation
is
needed
to
help
developing
and
spreading
environmentally
sound
technologies.
In
order
to
accurately
estimate
the
benefits
of
mitigation,
the
full
range
of
possible
impacts
of
climate
change
need
to
be
taken
into
account
by
social,
economic
and
ethical
analyses.
What are the possible mitigation measures?
Major
options
needed
to
reach
the
maximum
concentration
objective
of
450
ppm
CO2eq
include:
Replacing
coal-‐fired
power
plants
with
modern,
highly
efficient
natural
gas
power
plants,
provided
that
natural
gas
is
available
and
that
gas
leaks
are
kept
low
during
extraction
and
distribution;
More
efficient
energy
use,
as
well
as
tripling
to
nearly
quadrupling
the
share
of
zero-‐
and
low-‐carbon
energy
sources
by
the
year
2050;
this
includes
renewables,
nuclear
energy,
fossil
energy
with
CO2
capture
and
storage
(CCS),
and
bioenergy
with
CCS
(BECCS).
Reducing
CO2
emissions
in
all
transport
modes,
through
technical
improvements,
behavioural
changes,
as
well
as
new
infrastructure
and
urban
redevelopment
investments.
Would decarbonising and CO2 storage
technologies be effective mitigation tools?
2. The
energy
supply
is
currently
largely
dominated
by
carbon
intensive
fossil
fuels.
Decarbonising
it,
i.e.
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
it
releases,
is
a
key
requirement
to
stabilize
emissions
below
580
ppm
CO2eq
by
2100
(robust
evidence,
high
agreement).
However
in
the
near-‐term,
there
may
be
more
to
be
gained
by
increasing
energy
efficiency
than
by
decarbonising
energy
supply.
Carbon
Storage
technologies
currently
exist,
but
there
is
a
need
for
regulatory
incentives
to
deploy
them
on
a
large
scale.
Combining
bioenergy
with
carbon
capture
and
storage
(BECCS)
can
bring
net
negative
emissions.
How can individuals contribute to the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions?
Individuals
could
substantially
lower
emissions
by
changing
their
diet,
reducing
food
waste,
and
modifying
consumption
patterns
such
as
mobility
demand
and
modes,
energy
use
in
households,
choice
of
longer-‐lasting
products.
Such
changes
in
behaviour
may
improve
energy
efficiency
by
20
to
30
%
in
2030
(medium
evidence,
medium
agreement).
In
developed
countries,
lifestyle
and
behavioural
changes
could
reduce
energy
demand
in
buildings
by
up
to
20%
in
the
short
term
and
by
up
to
50%
by
mid-‐century.
What would be the cost of climate change
mitigation?
If
all
countries
would
begin
mitigation
measures
immediately
and
on
the
same
basis,
reaching
concentrations
of
about
450ppm
CO2eq
by
2100
entails
losses
in
global
consumption
of
1
to
4%
in
2030,
2
to
6%
in
2050,
and
3
to
11%
in
2100.
This
is
quite
small
considering
that
global
consumption
should
grow
anywhere
from
300%
to
over
900%
during
this
century.
Delaying
mitigation
would
increase
the
costs.
The
distribution
of
the
costs
would
vary:
the
majority
of
mitigation
efforts
would
take
place
in
countries
where
future
emissions
are
expected
to
be
highest,
as
well
as
in
sectors
where
key
mitigation
technologies
are
effective.
Mitigation
measures
entail
a
wide
range
of
possible
adverse
side-‐effects
as
well
as
co-‐benefits,
which
have
not
been
well
quantified.
For
instance,
the
land
used
to
plant
trees
as
carbon
sink
cannot
be
used
for
human
food,
animal
feed
or
bioenergy
crops.
How will mitigation affect the energy
industry?
Revenues
from
the
export
of
coal
and
oil
are
expected
to
decrease
(high
confidence).
The
effect
on
natural
gas
exports
is
more
uncertain.
Nuclear
energy
could
make
an
increasing
contribution
to
low-‐carbon
energy
supply,
but
a
variety
of
barriers
and
risks
exist
(robust
evidence,
high
agreement).
New
technologies
addressing
some
of
these
issues
are
being
Climate
Change
mitigation:
IPCC
report
2014
WG
III
2
investigated
and
progress
has
been
made
in
nuclear
safety
and
waste
disposal.
Methane,
biofuels
and
electricity
produced
from
low-‐
carbon
sources
are
already
increasing
their
share
in
the
transport
sector;
hydrogen
fuels
from
low-‐carbon
sources
are
an
option
for
the
longer
term.soil.
European
policies
of
air
quality
have
had
considerable
success
in
the
past
in
reducing
air
pollution.
You
can
find
this
summary,
along
with
a
more
detailed
one
on
the
GreenFacts
website
at:
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/climate-‐mitigation-‐limiting-‐
warming/index.htm
The
source
document
for
this
summary
can
be
found
on
the
IPCC
website:
http://www.ipcc.ch/