This document summarizes 11 Nobel Prize winners in genetics and physiology or medicine, including Thomas Hunt Morgan who established the gene theory and linkage in 1933, Johann Helfrich von Müller who induced the first artificial mutation in fruit flies in 1946, and James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins who discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1962. It provides the year each won the prize, their major invention or discovery that was honored, and their contribution to the field of genetics.