Niosome & Liposome
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Niosome is a non-ionic surfactant-based Vesicle (biology and chemistry). Niosomes are formed mostly by non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol incorporation as an excipient. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. The liposome can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs.
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Mucoadhesive drug delivery system Mali vv ppt
This document discusses mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS). It begins by defining MDDS as systems that use the bioadhesive properties of certain polymers to target and prolong the release of drugs at mucous membranes. It then covers the basics of mucous membranes and their structure, composition, and functions. The document discusses the need for MDDS to enhance drug absorption, prolong drug residence time, and target drug delivery. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of MDDS, various routes of administration, mechanisms of mucoadhesion, theories of mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers, and methods of evaluating MDDS. In the end, it provides some applications of MDDS such as vaccine delivery, cancer
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The document discusses niosomes, which are vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol. Niosomes can encapsulate drugs and deliver them to target sites in the body, providing advantages over other drug delivery systems. The document outlines the general characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, structure, preparation methods, and applications of niosomes. It also compares niosomes to liposomes and discusses factors that affect the physicochemical properties of niosomes.
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Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
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This document discusses drug targeting and various drug delivery systems for targeted drug delivery. It describes how drug targeting aims to selectively deliver drugs to the site of action and not to non-target tissues. Various polymer-based particulate carriers for targeted drug delivery are then discussed, including liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. The document provides details on the composition, preparation techniques and applications of these particulate carriers. Key advantages and challenges of different targeted drug delivery approaches are also summarized.
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Physicochemical and biological properties of sustained release formulations
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Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS)
TDDS are topically administered medicaments in the form of patches that deliver drugs for systemic effects at predetermined and controlled rate.
Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System
This document summarizes a seminar on gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). GRDDS are designed to retain drugs in the stomach for prolonged periods of time to allow for sustained drug release. The seminar outlines various GRDDS technologies including floating, swelling, mucoadhesive, and high density systems. It also discusses candidate drugs for GRDDS, advantages like improved bioavailability, and evaluation methods like dissolution testing, floating time, and mucoadhesive strength testing. Limitations include instability at gastric pH and requirement of high fluid levels for floating systems.
Formulation and evaluation of tdds
This document provides information on transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). It discusses the key components of TDDS formulations including the polymer matrix, drug, permeation enhancers, pressure sensitive adhesive, backing laminate and release liner. The document also describes the preparation methods for different types of TDDS and the evaluation methods used to test the physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release, and stability of TDDS. The evaluations help ensure the TDDS will safely and effectively deliver the drug through the skin as intended.
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Description of human eye
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Barriers of Drug permeation
Methods to overcome barriers
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The document discusses niosomes, which are vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol. Niosomes can encapsulate drugs and deliver them to target sites in the body, providing advantages over other drug delivery systems. The document outlines the general characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, structure, preparation methods, and applications of niosomes. It also compares niosomes to liposomes and discusses factors that affect the physicochemical properties of niosomes.
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Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
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This document discusses drug targeting and various drug delivery systems for targeted drug delivery. It describes how drug targeting aims to selectively deliver drugs to the site of action and not to non-target tissues. Various polymer-based particulate carriers for targeted drug delivery are then discussed, including liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. The document provides details on the composition, preparation techniques and applications of these particulate carriers. Key advantages and challenges of different targeted drug delivery approaches are also summarized.
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This document discusses different types of rate controlled drug delivery systems. It begins by introducing controlled release drug delivery and distinguishing it from sustained release. It then classifies controlled release systems into three main categories: rate programmed, activation modulated, and feedback regulated systems. Within each category it describes several examples of systems, identifying how drug release is controlled in each case. Key factors that can affect controlled release are also listed. The document aims to provide an overview of controlled drug delivery technologies with classifications and examples.
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This document summarizes different types of diffusion controlled drug delivery systems. It describes reservoir and matrix devices. Reservoir devices consist of a drug core surrounded by a polymeric membrane, and drug release follows Fick's law of diffusion. Matrix devices involve drug dispersed throughout a polymer matrix, with drug on the surface dissolving first before diffusing out. The document provides the Higuchi equation that describes drug release from a matrix. It notes advantages like zero-order release for reservoir devices and lower risk of leakage for matrix devices, as well as disadvantages like need for removal after drug release. Methods for fabricating these devices like spray drying and coacervation are also summarized.
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This document discusses rate-controlled drug delivery systems. It begins by classifying these systems into four categories: rate pre-programmed, activation modulated, feedback regulated, and site targeting. Rate pre-programmed systems include polymer membrane, polymer matrix, and microreservoir designs. Activation modulated systems use physical, chemical, or biochemical processes to activate drug release, such as osmotic pressure, pH, or enzymes. Feedback regulated systems sense physiological parameters and release drug accordingly. Site targeting systems deliver drugs specifically to certain tissues. The document provides examples like transdermal patches and implants to illustrate these concepts.
Physicochemical and biological properties of sustained release formulations
This document discusses factors that influence the biological performance of sustained drug release formulations (SDRFs). It outlines five key factors: 1) aqueous solubility, 2) partition coefficient, 3) drug stability, 4) protein binding, and 5) molecular size and diffusivity. It then examines how these factors impact absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and biological half-life of drugs from SDRFs. Specifically, it notes how these pharmacokinetic properties must be considered to minimize side effects and control plasma drug concentrations over time.
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Similar to Niosome & Liposome
Liposomes drug delivery systems
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of concentric phospholipid bilayers that enclose an aqueous core. The phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with polar heads and nonpolar tails that allow them to form bilayers enclosing water. Cholesterol can be incorporated into the phospholipid bilayers and acts as a fluidity buffer.
Liposomes can be classified based on their size, number of bilayers, and preparation method. Common types include multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), oligolamellar vesicles (OLVs), and unilamellar vesicles (ULVs). Liposomes are characterized physically, chemically, and biologically to ensure predictable performance. Characterization evaluates parameters like size, lamellarity,
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Niosomes are novel drug delivery vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have a similar bilayer structure to liposomes but are more stable and less expensive. Niosomes can improve the therapeutic performance of drugs by protecting drugs from degradation and restricting effects to target cells. Various preparation methods are used to produce niosomes of different sizes and lamellarity that can be used to deliver drugs through different routes of administration like oral, parenteral, topical to treat diseases like cancer, infections and more.
liposomes
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They were invented in 1965 and have various applications in biology, biochemistry, pharmacy, and therapeutics. The main components of liposomes are natural lipids like phospholipids and cholesterol, which helps lower toxicity. There are several types of liposomes including conventional, stealth, targeted, and cationic liposomes. Liposomes can be prepared through techniques like extrusion, dehydration-rehydration, and reverse-phase evaporation. Size, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and drug release properties depend on the preparation method. Liposomes offer advantages like reduced antigenicity and biodegradability.
Liposomes & Niosomes.pptx
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous content. They structurally consist of concentric bilayers surrounding an inner aqueous volume. This allows both hydrophilic drugs in the inner volume and hydrophobic drugs in the bilayer. Liposomes offer advantages like increased drug efficacy, reduced toxicity, and passive tumor targeting. However, developing stable liposomal formulations at an industrial scale can be difficult due to physical and chemical instability issues. Niosomes are similar non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that offer many of the same advantages as liposomes while being more stable and less toxic.
sterile product and formulation technology presentation
This document provides an overview of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), including nanoparticles, liposomes, and niosomes. It classifies and defines each system. Nanoparticles are sub-nanosized structures that can encapsulate or attach drugs. Liposomes are bilayer vesicles that encapsulate drugs in an aqueous core. Niosomes are similar to liposomes but composed of non-ionic surfactants. The document discusses preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages, and applications of each delivery system to improve drug targeting and therapeutic effects.
Liposomes.ppt
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. They were discovered in the 1960s and resemble natural cell membranes. Liposomes offer several advantages for drug delivery such as biocompatibility and the ability to target drugs. They can be classified based on size, number of bilayers, and preparation method. Key aspects of liposomes include their composition, surface charge, size, encapsulation efficiency, and ability to modify their properties for specific applications like cancer therapy, gene delivery, and transdermal drug administration.
Niosomes - A novel drug delivery system
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surfactants encapsulating medications. They offer advantages over liposomes including improved stability and flexibility in structural characteristics. Niosomes can be prepared through various methods like film hydration, ether injection, sonication, and microfluidization. Key factors affecting their formation include the surfactant, cholesterol level, drug properties, and preparation technique used. Niosomes can improve drug bioavailability, target delivery to sites of action, and provide protection from degradation, making them a promising drug carrier system.
TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY.pptx
This document discusses targeted drug delivery systems. It describes how targeted drug delivery aims to selectively deliver pharmacological agents to the intended site of action in therapeutic concentrations while minimizing effects on other tissues. Key components of targeted delivery systems are the drug carrier and the target tissue. Common targeted drug carriers discussed are liposomes, niosomes and nanoparticles. The document provides details on the preparation, classification, advantages and applications of liposomes for targeted drug delivery.
Penetration enhancer with their examples
Helpful to understand the overview of mechanism of enhancing the skin penetration with their examples.
Nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and various nanotechnology drug delivery systems including nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, resealed erythrocytes, liposomes, and dendrimers. Nanomedicine is defined as the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing disease at the molecular level using structures sized between 1-100 nanometers. These nanoscale drug delivery systems can help deliver drugs to target tissues, reduce side effects, and require lower drug doses. However, their high production costs, short shelf life, and potential toxicity need to be addressed.
Niosomes a novel drug delivery system
The document discusses niosomes, a novel drug delivery system. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles similar in structure to liposomes but with advantages like being more stable and requiring no special storage conditions. The document outlines factors that affect niosome preparation such as the surfactant type and ratio, drug properties, and addition of cholesterol. Several methods for preparing niosomes are also described, including film hydration, ether injection, sonication, and microfluidization. Niosomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and offer benefits like controlled release, increased drug stability and bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery.
Nanoemulsions anup
This document discusses nanoemulsions as a novel drug delivery system. It defines nanoemulsions as thermodynamically stable isotropic mixtures of immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants, with droplet sizes ranging from 50-500nm. Advantages include increased drug absorption and bioavailability, stability without sedimentation, and various routes of administration. Limitations are the expensive production processes and potential stability issues from changes in pH or osmotic pressure. Characterization methods described include measuring droplet size, surface charge, viscosity, and refractive index. Applications discussed are parenteral, ocular, pulmonary, transdermal, intranasal, and oral drug delivery as well as tumor targeting.
liposomes
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs. They were invented in 1965 and have various applications in biology, biochemistry, pharmacy, and therapeutics. In pharmacy, liposomes were initially used in the 1970s-1980s and stealth liposomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings were developed in the 1990s to evade the immune system. Liposomes can be classified based on lamellarity (unilamellar vs multilamellar), size (small, large, giant), and preparation technique. Drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous core or bilayer of liposomes for drug delivery.
Niosomes presentation
This document discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles similar in structure to liposomes. Niosomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and act as a depot for controlled drug release. The document describes the classification, definition, types, and preparation methods of niosomes including film hydration, ether injection, sonication, and reverse phase evaporation. The advantages are their ability to accommodate various drug types and provide controlled release while the disadvantages include being time-consuming and requiring specialized equipment. Applications of niosomes include drug delivery to tissues like the brain, use in cancer and anti-infective drugs, ophthalmic and transdermal delivery, and for sustained
Niosomes.pptx
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system that encapsulate medication in a bilayer vesicle of non-ionic surfactants, similar in structure to liposomes. They can be classified as small unilamellar vesicles, multi-lamellar vesicles, or large-unilamellar vesicles. Niosomes are formed from non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, and sometimes charge molecules, and can be prepared through methods like hand shaking, sonication, or reverse phase evaporation. They provide advantages like targeted drug delivery, reduced drug doses and side effects, and improved drug stability and retention in blood circulation. However, their aqueous suspensions can have issues like fusion or drug leaching.
Nanoparticulate drug delivery sysytem
1. The document discusses nanoparticulate drug delivery systems including nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, and nanoemulsions.
2. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles sized 30-100 nm that can be matrix type (nanospheres) or reservoir type (nanocapsules).
3. Several methods are described for preparing nanoparticles including cross-linking of amphiphilic polymers, desolvation in aqueous medium, emulsion polymerization, and precipitation of hydrophobic polymers from organic solvents.
Nanoparticulate drug delivery sysytem
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems can provide several advantages over traditional medications. Nanoparticles are sub-100nm structures that can encapsulate drugs and biologically active substances. They can improve drug efficacy, reduce toxicity, enhance distribution in the body, and improve patient compliance. Common types of nanoparticles used for drug delivery include polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, dendrimers, and magnetic nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are prepared using various methods such as cross-linking of amphiphilic polymers, emulsion polymerization, and precipitation of hydrophobic polymers from organic solvents. The small size of nanoparticles allows for targeted drug delivery to specific sites in the body.
Niosomes by kalyan
The document discusses niosomes, which are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Niosomes offer advantages over liposomes like greater stability and easier production and storage. The document describes various methods for preparing niosomes, factors that affect their formation, characterization techniques, and applications like transdermal drug delivery and targeted drug delivery.
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
https://youtube.com/vishalshelke99
https://instagram.com/vishal_stagram
Liposomes
Sub :- Novel Drug Delievery Systems, Sterile Products Formulation & Technology
M.Pharm Sem II
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Introduction :-
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of a lipid bilayer. These vesicular structures can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and drugs.
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer.
Liposomes consist of Cholesterol, Phospholipid and drug molecule
Classification of Liposomes :-
Small Unilamellar (SUV) [20-100nm]
Medium Unilamellar (MUV)
Large Unilamellar (LUV) [>100nm]
Giant Unilamellar (GUV) [>1μm]
Multi Lamellar Vesicles (MLV) [0.5nm]
Oligolamellar Vesicles (OLV)
Multi Vesicular (MV) [>1μm]
ADVANTAGES
Provides selective passive targeting to tumor tissues.
Increased efficacy and therapeutic index.
Increased stability via encapsulation.
Reduction in toxicity of the encapsulated agents.
Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination, increased circulation life times).
DISADVANTAGES
low solubility
short half life
high production cost
less stability
leakage and fusion of encapsulated drug
sometimes the phospholipid layer undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis reaction
Methods of Preparation of Liposomes
1 Mechanical Dispersion Method
Lipid film hydration by
hand shaken MLVs
Micro emulsification
Sonication
French pressure cell
Dried reconstituted vesicles
Membrane Extrusion Method
2 Solvent Dispersion Method
Ethanol injection
Ether injection
Double emulsion vesicles
Reverse phase
evaporation vesicles
3 Detergent Removal Method
Drug carrier delivery system
The document describes different types of particulate drug carrier systems. It discusses microspheres, multicomposite capsules, nanoparticles, aquasomes, liposomes, lipid emulsions, and their uses and examples. The purposes for developing these particulate carriers are to target specific organs, enhance bioavailability, improve stability, and allow large molecules to be delivered. Limitations include potential dose dumping and issues with manufacturing. Vesicular drug delivery systems can target sites of action and control drug release rates.
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Niosome & Liposome
- 1. Presented by Farhana Akter Joty ID: 193- 46- 258
- 2. Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle composed of a bilayer of non- ionic surface active agents. Figure: Structure of niosome
- 3. According to the nature of lamellarity Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1- 5 µm in size. Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 - 1µm in size. Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25- 500 nm in size. According to the size Small Niosomes (100nm – 200 nm) Large Niosomes (800nm – 900nm) Big Niosomes (2µm - 4µm)
- 4. Ether injection Hand shaking Sonication The reverse phase evaporation technique Bubble method Transmembrane pH gradient drug uptake process Emulsion method
- 5. Shape & Morphology Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Particle size Entrapment Efficiency Cell Cytotoxicity Study Stability study In vitro release study
- 6. For controlled release of drugs To improve the stability and physical properties of the drugs For targeting and retention of drug in blood circulation Cosmetics Studying immune response
- 7. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. The liposome can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs.Liposomes can be prepared by disrupting biological membranes (such as by sonication). Figure: Structure of liposome
- 8. Liposome Types Size Number of Lamellae Small Unilamellar Vesicles (SUV) 20 nm - 100 nm Single Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUV) 100 nm - 400 nm Single Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUV) 1 µm and Larger Single Large Multilamellar Vesicles (MLV) 200 nm - ~3 µm Multiple Multivesicular Vesicles (MVV) 200 nm - ~3 µm Multiple
- 9. Mechanical dispersion method Sonication French pressure cell: extrusion. Freeze-thawed liposomes. Solvent dispersion method Ether injection (solvent vaporization) Ethanol injection Reverse phase evaporation method Detergent removal method Dialysis Dilution
- 10. Particle size Surface charge Percent drug encapsulated Phase behaviour Drug release rate
- 11. Enhanced solubility of amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs Inactive objective to the cells of the immune system Maintained free system of systemically or locally administered liposomes. Site-avoidance mechanism Improved transfer of hydrophilic, electric molecules such as antibiotics, chelators, plasmids and genes, into cells.
- 12. SI NO. Niosomes Liposomes 1. Vesicles made up of surfactants with or without incorporation of cholesterol Vesicles made up of concentric bilayer of phospholipis 2. Size ranges from 10- 100 nm Size ranges from 10- 3000nm 3. Inexpensive Comparatively expensive 4. Special storage conditions are not required Special storage conditions are required 5. Non- ionic surfactants are stable Phospholipids used are unstable 6. Less toxic Comparatively more toxic