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The document provides information about key figures and events of the Protestant Reformation. It discusses criticisms of the Catholic Church that led Martin Luther to post his 95 theses in 1517, sparking the Reformation. Other reformers mentioned include John Calvin, William Tyndale, and Desiderius Erasmus. It also summarizes how the Reformation spread to England under Henry VIII, and the back-and-forth between Catholic and Protestant rule under the monarchs Mary and Elizabeth.
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Other Reformers
The document provides background information on four influential figures of the Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale, and Desiderius Erasmus. It summarizes their key beliefs and contributions to the growing discontent with the Catholic Church. Martin Luther believed salvation came through faith alone and nailed his 95 Theses criticizing Church practices. John Calvin taught predestination and led the church in Geneva. William Tyndale translated the Bible into English against Church rules. Desiderius Erasmus questioned Church rituals and wanted better understanding between people.
The Reformation
The document describes a situation in 16th century Germany where a local priest has been openly criticizing church leaders and wants to make some changes. At this time in small German towns, the Catholic Church had significant influence and often clashed with local nobles over political power. The church also demanded high taxes from nobles. Given this context, it can be inferred that the nobles may respond supportively to the priest's criticisms of church leaders in an effort to gain more political power and pay lower taxes.
Catholic Reformation
The document provides information about the Catholic Reformation in response to the Protestant Reformation. It discusses the founding of the Jesuit order by Ignatius of Loyola to win converts back to the Catholic Church. It also describes the Council of Trent which debated and reformed Catholic teachings, rejecting Protestant ideas and creating new rules for clergy. Catholic missionaries, especially Francis Xavier, spread Catholicism around the world in response to the growth of Protestantism in Europe.
Political & Social changes during the Reformation
Lesson covering how the world changed politically and socially during the Renaissance and Reformation
Catholic reformation
The document discusses key figures and events of the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. It outlines Ignatius de Loyola founding the Jesuit order in 1534 to emphasize salvation through good deeds and strict obedience. Popes Paul III and Paul IV took actions like recognizing the Jesuits and establishing the Index of Forbidden Books to combat heresy, revive spirituality, and slow the spread of Protestantism. In the long run, there were many churches in Europe, more education, but remaining intolerance of new ideas and decreased papal power with stronger national governments.
The Reformation
The document defines key terms related to the Protestant Reformation such as Protestant, sale of indulgences, Great Schism, Martin Luther, 95 Theses, Desiderius Erasmus, John Calvin, predestination, and Ignatius of Loyola. It provides brief explanations of individuals like Luther, Erasmus, and Calvin who were influential religious reformers and theologies they promoted such as predestination. Additionally, it defines concepts important to the Reformation period like the schism in the Catholic Church and Luther's 95 Theses which criticized corrupt practices of the Catholic Church.
Reformation by Martin Luther
The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther protested corrupt practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Over the next 40 years, Protestantism was established in Europe. The Reformation was influenced by religious, cultural, political, and economic factors. Martin Luther posted his 95 theses criticizing indulgences in 1517, and was later excommunicated in 1521 for heresy. The Reformation led to the establishment of Protestantism and a split from the Catholic Church.
History Notes The Reformation and Counter Reformation
Junior Certificate History Notes for the Irish Second Level Education Curriculum on the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation
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Other Reformers
The document provides background information on four influential figures of the Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale, and Desiderius Erasmus. It summarizes their key beliefs and contributions to the growing discontent with the Catholic Church. Martin Luther believed salvation came through faith alone and nailed his 95 Theses criticizing Church practices. John Calvin taught predestination and led the church in Geneva. William Tyndale translated the Bible into English against Church rules. Desiderius Erasmus questioned Church rituals and wanted better understanding between people.
The Reformation
The document describes a situation in 16th century Germany where a local priest has been openly criticizing church leaders and wants to make some changes. At this time in small German towns, the Catholic Church had significant influence and often clashed with local nobles over political power. The church also demanded high taxes from nobles. Given this context, it can be inferred that the nobles may respond supportively to the priest's criticisms of church leaders in an effort to gain more political power and pay lower taxes.
Catholic Reformation
The document provides information about the Catholic Reformation in response to the Protestant Reformation. It discusses the founding of the Jesuit order by Ignatius of Loyola to win converts back to the Catholic Church. It also describes the Council of Trent which debated and reformed Catholic teachings, rejecting Protestant ideas and creating new rules for clergy. Catholic missionaries, especially Francis Xavier, spread Catholicism around the world in response to the growth of Protestantism in Europe.
Political & Social changes during the Reformation
Lesson covering how the world changed politically and socially during the Renaissance and Reformation
Catholic reformation
The document discusses key figures and events of the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. It outlines Ignatius de Loyola founding the Jesuit order in 1534 to emphasize salvation through good deeds and strict obedience. Popes Paul III and Paul IV took actions like recognizing the Jesuits and establishing the Index of Forbidden Books to combat heresy, revive spirituality, and slow the spread of Protestantism. In the long run, there were many churches in Europe, more education, but remaining intolerance of new ideas and decreased papal power with stronger national governments.
The Reformation
The document defines key terms related to the Protestant Reformation such as Protestant, sale of indulgences, Great Schism, Martin Luther, 95 Theses, Desiderius Erasmus, John Calvin, predestination, and Ignatius of Loyola. It provides brief explanations of individuals like Luther, Erasmus, and Calvin who were influential religious reformers and theologies they promoted such as predestination. Additionally, it defines concepts important to the Reformation period like the schism in the Catholic Church and Luther's 95 Theses which criticized corrupt practices of the Catholic Church.
Reformation by Martin Luther
The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther protested corrupt practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Over the next 40 years, Protestantism was established in Europe. The Reformation was influenced by religious, cultural, political, and economic factors. Martin Luther posted his 95 theses criticizing indulgences in 1517, and was later excommunicated in 1521 for heresy. The Reformation led to the establishment of Protestantism and a split from the Catholic Church.
History Notes The Reformation and Counter Reformation
Junior Certificate History Notes for the Irish Second Level Education Curriculum on the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 16th century Europe in response to perceived corruption in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses challenging Catholic doctrines like indulgences and the authority of the Pope. Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press and inspired others to break away from the Catholic Church and form new Protestant faiths. The Reformation divided Europe along religious lines and led to conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, while some rulers like King Henry VIII of England switched their countries to the new Protestant faiths for political reasons. The Catholic Church fought back through the Counter Reformation, reforming itself while continuing to battle the growth of Protestantism.
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther posted 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and other abuses on the door of the Wittenberg Church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation. Luther argued that salvation comes through faith alone, not works or indulgences, and he translated the Bible into German so ordinary people could read it. His writings spread rapidly and attracted many followers, though the Catholic Church condemned Luther and his teachings. The Reformation led to divisions in Christianity between Protestantism and Catholicism that still exist today.
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
The events of the PROTESTANT REFORMATION from its start in 1517 until the end of the THIRTY YEARS' WAR in 1648, examining its causes and its impact on the world.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. This sparked religious and political changes across Europe. Luther and other reformers like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli questioned Catholic doctrine and authority. Their teachings spread, dividing Western Christianity and leading many regions to adopt Protestantism over Catholicism by 1600. The Reformation had widespread impacts, including weakening the Pope's power, strengthening secular rulers, and influencing ideas like democracy. Protestantism remains one of the major branches of Christianity today.
The Protestant Reformation
An overview of the Protestant Reformation detailing Luther's actions against the church and other proponents of the Reformation.
Impact of reformation and counter reformation on Art
The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century resulted in a religious divide in Europe between Roman Catholics and Protestants. This movement challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and Pope. In response, the Counter Reformation aimed to strengthen Catholic dogma through grand religious artwork that glorified the Church, Christ, and saints to inspire virtue and combat the spread of Protestantism. Catholic art during this period featured emotionally intense depictions of key Catholic concepts like the Immaculate Conception to distinguish Catholic beliefs and encourage piety.
Reformation and religious wars
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It summarizes that the Catholic Church was facing problems like corruption and secular power among Popes before the Reformation. Martin Luther originally wanted to reform the Catholic Church but was excommunicated and helped establish Lutheranism. This led to other Protestant movements and religious wars between Catholics and Protestants. The Catholic Church responded with the Council of Trent and reforms, establishing stricter rules for clergy and new orders like the Jesuits to strengthen the Church and combat the growing Protestant influence.
Reformation
The Reformation occurred in the 16th century and resulted in the Christian Church splitting into Catholic and Protestant denominations. Martin Luther protested corrupt practices in the Catholic Church like selling indulgences and instead advocated justification by faith alone without good deeds. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, and his ideas spread, leading other reformers like John Calvin and Henry VIII of England to establish new Protestant churches that rejected the Pope's authority. The split caused religious conflicts but eventually peace agreements divided Western Christianity between Catholic and Protestant branches.
17. Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German monk who helped spark the Protestant Reformation in the early 16th century. He was troubled by corruption in the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences. In 1517, he nailed his 95 Theses criticizing these practices to a church door in Wittenberg, hoping to reform the Church from within. When the Church did not change, Luther questioned its authority and teachings. He was eventually excommunicated in 1521. Luther's ideas spread widely with help from the printing press, and he went on to establish Lutheranism as a new branch of Christianity that taught salvation through faith alone rather than works. The Reformation had wide-reaching effects across Europe and resulted in religious conflicts that
Reformation
Martin Luther's nailing of his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517 is seen as sparking the Protestant Reformation. The document outlines several issues with the Catholic Church that paved the way for reform, including corruption such as the selling of indulgences, as well as political conflicts between popes and kings that undermined the Church's authority. Luther's spreading of his teachings through writings helped grow the new Protestant movement against Catholic doctrine and power of the papacy. The Reformation transformed Christianity in Europe.
The protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated and started the Lutheran Protestant movement. Other reformers like Calvin and Henry VIII also broke from Catholicism, founding new denominations with beliefs like predestination and establishing national churches. The printing press helped spread new Protestant ideas across Europe and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
Reformation relgrade8
This document summarizes the major religious challenges and reforms in Europe between 1400-1600. It describes how the Avignon Papacy weakened the universal authority of the Catholic Church. It also discusses the Great Western Schism, Black Plague, and new ideas spread during the Renaissance that challenged Church leaders. The Protestant Reformation began as an attempt to reform abuses in the Catholic Church led by figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, resulting in new Protestant churches. The Council of Trent was convened to answer Protestant disputes and reform the Catholic Church.
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began as a call for reform within the Catholic Church by Christian humanists such as Erasmus, who believed the Church should focus more on living virtuously rather than just following beliefs. Martin Luther further called for reform and questioned Catholic doctrines like the selling of indulgences, leading to his excommunication. This sparked the growth of Protestantism and divisions in Christianity between Catholic and Protestant churches across Europe.
The protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in the 1500s as a response to perceived abuses in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther challenged Catholic doctrine by teaching that salvation came through faith alone, not good deeds, and that the Bible was the sole religious authority rather than the Church. His ideas gained widespread support and formed the basis of Lutheranism. John Calvin also broke from the Catholic Church and established a theocracy in Geneva based on predestination. Calvinism then spread across Europe, though Calvinists faced opposition in some areas.
The reformation
The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
Copy of protestant reformation (jess version)
The Protestant Reformation began as Martin Luther publicly challenged Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences, which he saw as contradicting the Bible's teachings that salvation comes through faith alone rather than good works or monetary donations. Luther's 95 Theses critiquing indulgences and certain Catholic doctrines spread widely through Europe thanks to the new printing press, sparking the formation of new Protestant faiths like Lutheranism that rejected the Pope's authority but kept core Christian beliefs.
Reformation
The document summarizes the key events of the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation. It discusses early reformers like John Wycliffe and John Huss who criticized the Catholic Church. It then focuses on Martin Luther, who wrote the 95 Theses challenging indulgences and was excommunicated. The Peasants' Revolt in Germany and the Peace of Augsburg followed. The movement then spread through figures like Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and John Knox. Protestantism established itself politically in different countries like Germany, Switzerland, Scotland, and England over time.
Protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in response to perceived issues within the Catholic Church, including that it had become more focused on wealth than spiritual matters, the pope had become too political, and some priests had engaged in misconduct. Martin Luther helped spark the Reformation by posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Church and certain doctrines like the selling of indulgences. He went on to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church and establish the Lutheran Church, emphasizing salvation through faith alone rather than good deeds. The Reformation then spread through the establishment of new Protestant denominations across Europe in the 1500s-1600s.
Catholic counter reformation
The Catholic Counter Reformation saw the Church reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation in the 15th and 16th centuries. Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit Order) in 1540 to strengthen Catholic education and missionary work. The Council of Trent from 1545 to 1563 upheld Catholic doctrine like the 7 sacraments while also reforming abusive practices in the Church like simony and nepotism.
The protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in the 16th century as a religious movement seeking to reform abuses within the Catholic Church, including its luxurious lifestyle, nepotism in appointments, and selling of indulgences. Martin Luther published his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and asserting that salvation comes through faith alone, not works. This sparked the Reformation. As Protestantism spread, the Catholic Church responded with inquisitions against heretics and the Counter Reformation to preserve Catholicism, while rising nationalism in European nations further divided people along religious lines.
The Reformation
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther. It describes how Luther was inspired to post his 95 Theses in 1517 criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This sparked the wider Reformation movement and split from the Catholic Church. It also discusses how King Henry VIII established the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage. The long term effects included the establishment of Protestant denominations like Lutheranism and Calvinism across Europe and a decline in Catholic Church authority.
Reformation
This document provides background information on Martin Luther and the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. It discusses Luther's upbringing and education, his growing theological beliefs centered around salvation by faith alone and the highest authority of scripture, his writing of the 95 Theses criticizing indulgences which helped spark the Reformation, and his excommunication and establishment of the Lutheran Church separate from Rome. The Reformation represented a major break that divided Europe and had wide-ranging impacts on politics and society.
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Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 16th century Europe in response to perceived corruption in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses challenging Catholic doctrines like indulgences and the authority of the Pope. Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press and inspired others to break away from the Catholic Church and form new Protestant faiths. The Reformation divided Europe along religious lines and led to conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, while some rulers like King Henry VIII of England switched their countries to the new Protestant faiths for political reasons. The Catholic Church fought back through the Counter Reformation, reforming itself while continuing to battle the growth of Protestantism.
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther posted 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and other abuses on the door of the Wittenberg Church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation. Luther argued that salvation comes through faith alone, not works or indulgences, and he translated the Bible into German so ordinary people could read it. His writings spread rapidly and attracted many followers, though the Catholic Church condemned Luther and his teachings. The Reformation led to divisions in Christianity between Protestantism and Catholicism that still exist today.
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
The events of the PROTESTANT REFORMATION from its start in 1517 until the end of the THIRTY YEARS' WAR in 1648, examining its causes and its impact on the world.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. This sparked religious and political changes across Europe. Luther and other reformers like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli questioned Catholic doctrine and authority. Their teachings spread, dividing Western Christianity and leading many regions to adopt Protestantism over Catholicism by 1600. The Reformation had widespread impacts, including weakening the Pope's power, strengthening secular rulers, and influencing ideas like democracy. Protestantism remains one of the major branches of Christianity today.
The Protestant Reformation
An overview of the Protestant Reformation detailing Luther's actions against the church and other proponents of the Reformation.
Impact of reformation and counter reformation on Art
The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century resulted in a religious divide in Europe between Roman Catholics and Protestants. This movement challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and Pope. In response, the Counter Reformation aimed to strengthen Catholic dogma through grand religious artwork that glorified the Church, Christ, and saints to inspire virtue and combat the spread of Protestantism. Catholic art during this period featured emotionally intense depictions of key Catholic concepts like the Immaculate Conception to distinguish Catholic beliefs and encourage piety.
Reformation and religious wars
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It summarizes that the Catholic Church was facing problems like corruption and secular power among Popes before the Reformation. Martin Luther originally wanted to reform the Catholic Church but was excommunicated and helped establish Lutheranism. This led to other Protestant movements and religious wars between Catholics and Protestants. The Catholic Church responded with the Council of Trent and reforms, establishing stricter rules for clergy and new orders like the Jesuits to strengthen the Church and combat the growing Protestant influence.
Reformation
The Reformation occurred in the 16th century and resulted in the Christian Church splitting into Catholic and Protestant denominations. Martin Luther protested corrupt practices in the Catholic Church like selling indulgences and instead advocated justification by faith alone without good deeds. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, and his ideas spread, leading other reformers like John Calvin and Henry VIII of England to establish new Protestant churches that rejected the Pope's authority. The split caused religious conflicts but eventually peace agreements divided Western Christianity between Catholic and Protestant branches.
17. Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German monk who helped spark the Protestant Reformation in the early 16th century. He was troubled by corruption in the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences. In 1517, he nailed his 95 Theses criticizing these practices to a church door in Wittenberg, hoping to reform the Church from within. When the Church did not change, Luther questioned its authority and teachings. He was eventually excommunicated in 1521. Luther's ideas spread widely with help from the printing press, and he went on to establish Lutheranism as a new branch of Christianity that taught salvation through faith alone rather than works. The Reformation had wide-reaching effects across Europe and resulted in religious conflicts that
Reformation
Martin Luther's nailing of his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517 is seen as sparking the Protestant Reformation. The document outlines several issues with the Catholic Church that paved the way for reform, including corruption such as the selling of indulgences, as well as political conflicts between popes and kings that undermined the Church's authority. Luther's spreading of his teachings through writings helped grow the new Protestant movement against Catholic doctrine and power of the papacy. The Reformation transformed Christianity in Europe.
The protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated and started the Lutheran Protestant movement. Other reformers like Calvin and Henry VIII also broke from Catholicism, founding new denominations with beliefs like predestination and establishing national churches. The printing press helped spread new Protestant ideas across Europe and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
Reformation relgrade8
This document summarizes the major religious challenges and reforms in Europe between 1400-1600. It describes how the Avignon Papacy weakened the universal authority of the Catholic Church. It also discusses the Great Western Schism, Black Plague, and new ideas spread during the Renaissance that challenged Church leaders. The Protestant Reformation began as an attempt to reform abuses in the Catholic Church led by figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, resulting in new Protestant churches. The Council of Trent was convened to answer Protestant disputes and reform the Catholic Church.
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began as a call for reform within the Catholic Church by Christian humanists such as Erasmus, who believed the Church should focus more on living virtuously rather than just following beliefs. Martin Luther further called for reform and questioned Catholic doctrines like the selling of indulgences, leading to his excommunication. This sparked the growth of Protestantism and divisions in Christianity between Catholic and Protestant churches across Europe.
The protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in the 1500s as a response to perceived abuses in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther challenged Catholic doctrine by teaching that salvation came through faith alone, not good deeds, and that the Bible was the sole religious authority rather than the Church. His ideas gained widespread support and formed the basis of Lutheranism. John Calvin also broke from the Catholic Church and established a theocracy in Geneva based on predestination. Calvinism then spread across Europe, though Calvinists faced opposition in some areas.
The reformation
The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
Copy of protestant reformation (jess version)
The Protestant Reformation began as Martin Luther publicly challenged Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences, which he saw as contradicting the Bible's teachings that salvation comes through faith alone rather than good works or monetary donations. Luther's 95 Theses critiquing indulgences and certain Catholic doctrines spread widely through Europe thanks to the new printing press, sparking the formation of new Protestant faiths like Lutheranism that rejected the Pope's authority but kept core Christian beliefs.
Reformation
The document summarizes the key events of the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation. It discusses early reformers like John Wycliffe and John Huss who criticized the Catholic Church. It then focuses on Martin Luther, who wrote the 95 Theses challenging indulgences and was excommunicated. The Peasants' Revolt in Germany and the Peace of Augsburg followed. The movement then spread through figures like Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and John Knox. Protestantism established itself politically in different countries like Germany, Switzerland, Scotland, and England over time.
Protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in response to perceived issues within the Catholic Church, including that it had become more focused on wealth than spiritual matters, the pope had become too political, and some priests had engaged in misconduct. Martin Luther helped spark the Reformation by posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Church and certain doctrines like the selling of indulgences. He went on to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church and establish the Lutheran Church, emphasizing salvation through faith alone rather than good deeds. The Reformation then spread through the establishment of new Protestant denominations across Europe in the 1500s-1600s.
Catholic counter reformation
The Catholic Counter Reformation saw the Church reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation in the 15th and 16th centuries. Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit Order) in 1540 to strengthen Catholic education and missionary work. The Council of Trent from 1545 to 1563 upheld Catholic doctrine like the 7 sacraments while also reforming abusive practices in the Church like simony and nepotism.
The protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in the 16th century as a religious movement seeking to reform abuses within the Catholic Church, including its luxurious lifestyle, nepotism in appointments, and selling of indulgences. Martin Luther published his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and asserting that salvation comes through faith alone, not works. This sparked the Reformation. As Protestantism spread, the Catholic Church responded with inquisitions against heretics and the Counter Reformation to preserve Catholicism, while rising nationalism in European nations further divided people along religious lines.
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Impact of reformation and counter reformation on Art
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The Reformation
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther. It describes how Luther was inspired to post his 95 Theses in 1517 criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This sparked the wider Reformation movement and split from the Catholic Church. It also discusses how King Henry VIII established the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage. The long term effects included the establishment of Protestant denominations like Lutheranism and Calvinism across Europe and a decline in Catholic Church authority.
Reformation
This document provides background information on Martin Luther and the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. It discusses Luther's upbringing and education, his growing theological beliefs centered around salvation by faith alone and the highest authority of scripture, his writing of the 95 Theses criticizing indulgences which helped spark the Reformation, and his excommunication and establishment of the Lutheran Church separate from Rome. The Reformation represented a major break that divided Europe and had wide-ranging impacts on politics and society.
Martinluther
Martin Luther was a German priest born in 1483 who began protesting the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in 1517 and wrote his famous 95 Theses criticizing the practice. This sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther was later excommunicated from the Church and his writings were banned, but he continued translating the Bible to German and spreading his beliefs. Luther's actions divided Christianity, challenged the authority of the Church and Pope, and helped change the course of Western civilization.
Martin luther
Martin Luther was a German monk who criticized corruption in the Catholic Church and called for reforms. In 1517, he nailed his 95 Theses criticizing the Church's sale of indulgences to a cathedral door in Wittenberg. This sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther taught that salvation comes through faith alone, not good works. He translated the Bible into German so ordinary people could read it. Though excommunicated, Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press. The Reformation divided Europe and led to new Protestant denominations like Lutheranism and Calvinism.
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The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 and led to the end of religious unity in Western Europe. Martin Luther posted his 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517, which sparked the Reformation in Germany. Henry VIII established the Church of England to gain an annulment of his marriage. The Reformation spread to other parts of Europe but had less success in Spain and Italy. The Catholic Church responded with the Counter-Reformation including the Council of Trent and Jesuits. The Reformation resulted in over a century of religious wars and fragmented Christianity in the West.
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Martin Luther starts the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing his 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences to the door of the Wittenberg chapel. This sparks a religious movement to reform the Catholic Church. Luther argues that salvation comes through faith alone, not good works, and that the Bible is the sole religious authority, not Church doctrine or the Pope. Though tried for heresy, Luther gains protection from Frederick the Wise and continues leading the growing Lutheran movement. Meanwhile in England, King Henry VIII establishes himself as head of the newly-formed Church of England when the Pope refuses to annul his marriage, allowing Henry to divorce and seize Church lands. The Reformation spreads religious and political changes
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This is a work in progress. Some items have been borrowed. Some are original. It is NOT complete by any means.
Ch. 15 cultural transformations 1450 1750
1. The document summarizes the Protestant Reformation and spread of Christianity from 1450-1750. It discusses key figures like Martin Luther and movements like the Counter-Reformation.
2. Christianity spread globally through missionary work and colonization, often blending with local religions. In Latin America, Catholicism syncretized with indigenous beliefs while Protestantism took hold in North America.
3. Other religious traditions like Islam, Hinduism, and Chinese folk religion also expanded during this period, with movements like Sufism, Bhakti, and Neo-Confucianism gaining popularity. Cultural exchange and syncretism were common as religions spread.
17.3 luther starts the reformation
The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This sparked debates over Church practices and authority. Luther's ideas spread rapidly with the help of the printing press. The Reformation divided Europe between Catholic and Protestant states and led to conflicts between supporters of the two religions. In England, King Henry VIII broke with Rome when the pope refused to annul his marriage, establishing the Church of England with the king as its head. The English Reformation continued under Henry's children Edward VI and Elizabeth I, who advanced Protestantism in England.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Protestant Reformation and its impacts. It describes how (1) Martin Luther broke from the Catholic Church over issues like indulgences and salvation by faith alone, founding Lutheranism; (2) John Calvin established Calvinism which emphasized predestination; and (3) the Peace of Augsburg allowed German states to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism.
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The Protestant Reformation began in the 15th century as a reaction against the corruption and abuse of power within the Catholic Church. Martin Luther publicly criticized the Church in 1517 and rejected key Catholic doctrines like salvation through good works. Over time, other reformers like Calvin, Zwingli, and Knox proposed ideas that differed and sometimes opposed Luther's teachings. The Reformation spread across Europe as kings and territories adopted Protestantism for political reasons, including in England where Henry VIII sought to annul his marriage, leading Parliament to split the Church of England from papal authority.
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The document discusses the history of the Protestant Reformation in Europe beginning in the 15th century. It covers key figures like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, Martin Luther, and others who challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and helped establish new Christian denominations. The text also summarizes the creation of the Church of England under King Henry VIII and the religious settlements put in place by later monarchs like Elizabeth I to balance Protestant and Catholic interests in England.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther issued his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church abuses such as the selling of indulgences. Luther's movement sparked a religious revolution in Germany and other states. By 1555, the Peace of Augsburg forced the Holy Roman Empire to allow German states to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism. Other reform movements like Calvinism and the Church of England also emerged during this period of religious upheaval in Western Europe.
Reformation I
The document summarizes some of the key factors that led to the Protestant Reformation in Europe, including issues with the Catholic Church that caused unrest, such as selling indulgences and living lavish lifestyles. It describes how Martin Luther drafted the 95 Theses challenging indulgences and certain Church authorities, which spread widely through printing and stirred debate. While Luther was eventually excommunicated, his ideas gained many followers and split from the Catholic Church to form Protestantism, spreading reforms across Germany and Switzerland under Luther and Calvin respectively.
10 mcmh reformation
Martin Luther, a German monk and professor, sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like indulgences to a church door. When reforms did not come and Luther was excommunicated, religious dissent and wars erupted across Europe for over 200 years. The Reformation challenged Catholic Church authority and asserted individual conscience, laying the foundation for modern individualism. It resulted in new Protestant denominations like Lutheran and Calvinist churches and permanently established Protestantism in Europe, though only after decades of violent rebellion and war.
Sects in christianity
The document provides background information on the origins of different branches of Christianity. It discusses that prior to the Reformation in the 1500s, all Christians were Roman Catholic. It then summarizes key events and figures in the Protestant Reformation, including Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the Reformation as Luther's ideas spread widely through the new printing press and gained support, leading to his excommunication from the Catholic Church and the emergence of new Protestant denominations like Lutheranism.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther publicly protested corrupt practices in the Catholic Church by nailing his 95 Theses to a church door in Germany. This sparked divisions in the Catholic Church and the emergence of Protestantism. Key figures like Luther and John Calvin rejected the authority of the Pope and certain Catholic doctrines, believing salvation came from faith alone rather than good works. The Reformation led to the permanent split of Western Christianity into Catholic and Protestant denominations and spread Protestant ideas across Europe through the 16th century, resulting in religious conflicts and wars.
The Protestant Reformation
Learn about the protestant reformation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Roman Catholic church, Martin Luther and the effects are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
The Protestant Reformation
The document summarizes key events and figures in the Protestant Reformation from the 14th to 16th centuries. It discusses early reformers like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and Erasmus who questioned the authority of the Catholic Church. The printing press allowed books to reach a wider audience, aiding the spread of new ideas. Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church and sparked the Reformation. Other reformers like Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and John Knox established new Christian denominations. The document also outlines how King Henry VIII established the Church of England independent of papal authority.
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The Medieval Catholic Church
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Catholic Mass is the weekly ritual service in the Catholic Church where Communion is taken. It commemorates Jesus's death and sacrifice on the cross.
2. The building monks live in is called a monastery.
3. One example of power the Catholic Church had was that it could excommunicate people, essentially kicking them out of the Church and preventing them from receiving sacraments and going to heaven.
4. One of the Catholic reform movements was the Friars in the 1200s. Friars were wandering preachers that lived among common people to encourage reform and preach the gospel.
The Anglo-Saxons
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Japan religions
- Early Japan was ruled by clan chiefs who were believed to be descended from nature spirits called kami. The chief held both political and religious power.
- Kami refer to spirits or forces in Shintoism, the native religion of Japan, and can represent elements of nature or landscapes. There are believed to be millions of kami.
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Japan's Geography
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Booklet information
Mansa Musa ruled Mali from 1312 to 1337, expanding its empire and controlling trade routes for gold and salt throughout Africa. In 1324, Mansa Musa embarked on a pilgrimage to Mecca with an enormous caravan carrying over 2 tons of gold. His spending in Cairo caused gold values to drop. Upon his return, he brought Arab scholars and architects to Timbuktu, establishing it as an Islamic learning center.
Sundiata united the Mandinka people after defeating the brutal Samanguru in battle in 1235. As the new King of Mali, Sundiata improved agriculture and introduced cotton.
Roman Empire study guide notes
The Roman Empire unit test study guide provides an overview of the history and development of the Roman Empire from its origins as a kingdom in Rome to its eventual decline and fall. It covers the establishment of the Roman Republic and leaders like Julius Caesar who expanded Roman territory through military conquests. It also discusses the transition to an empire under Augustus and the influence and spread of Christianity. The guide outlines some of the key reasons for the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the continued existence of the Eastern Byzantine Empire centered in Constantinople until its conquest in 1453.
Constantine & Religion
- A group of local people in one of Rome's provinces refuses to participate in Roman rituals and holidays, saying it violates their religious beliefs, while otherwise remaining peaceful. Some Roman soldiers see this group as a potential threat.
- The document discusses the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire and the persecution of Christians by Roman authorities for roughly 300 years. It then outlines the conversion of Emperor Constantine to Christianity and his efforts to legalize and promote the religion.
- The Roman Empire was divided into Western and Eastern sections with Constantinople as the new capital of the Eastern Byzantine Empire, which continued Roman traditions and controlled major trade routes.
Roman empire vocab.
This document provides instructions for a Roman Empire vocabulary assignment, asking students to choose 10 words to complete a crossword puzzle, draw a detailed picture explaining definitions, or write a paragraph using the words correctly about their contribution to the Roman Empire. It also allows choosing 7 words to complete another activity for a homework pass due the next day.
Roman Empire unit vocabulary
The document provides definitions for 37 important terms related to the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. It describes key figures like Romulus and Remus, events like the Punic Wars that expanded Rome's territory, and accomplishments such as establishing Latin as the dominant language and developing civil law. The summary also mentions the eventual adoption of Christianity as the official religion and the reasons for Rome's decline, including invasions from outside groups and internal political issues.
Roman Legacies
This document discusses the many legacies and influences of ancient Rome that are still present in modern society. It notes that many common words in English come from Latin, the language of Rome, and that Latin shaped the development of several modern European languages. Architecturally, Roman innovations like vaults, columns, domes and arches can still be seen in buildings today. Rome also had a significant influence on modern government, law, sports, Christianity, and culture. The document aims to illustrate how deeply Rome impacted Western civilization and the many ways its contributions are still visible in our world today.
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The document describes a scenario where a Roman senator is worried about generals in Rome gaining too much power and potentially becoming dictators. Some senators want to take violent action against the generals to prevent this, but it is unclear if using violence against them to save the Republic would be justified.
Roman Republic
- In 753 BC, Romulus founded the city of Rome, which would later expand into the massive Roman Republic.
- The Roman Republic began in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last Roman king. It established a system where elected representatives led the people rather than kings.
- Roman society was divided between the patricians, who were the wealthy landowning class, and the plebeians, who made up the common people.
Archaic Rome
The document provides information about the Roman Empire from several sources, including:
- A lesson on analyzing the legacy of the Roman Empire and its importance.
- Geography questions about Italy and the location of Rome that set the stage for the rise of the Roman Empire.
- Maps showing the extent of the Roman Empire and its extensive road network, implying the Romans had effective government, trade, religion, language, and culture due to their roads connecting the empire.
- A passage explaining how all roads literally led to Rome, as the Romans built roads from conquered territories and provinces straight to the capital city, with mile markers measuring distance from Rome.
- A timeline of important events in Roman history from
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The document provides instructions for creating a timeline, including circling BC dates and putting them in descending order, ordering AD dates ascending from 0, choosing 10 dates to illustrate with events, and using the dates 2000 BC, 753 BC, and 2016 AD as examples. It then lists 44 historical dates between 3000 BC and 2050 with significant events for potential inclusion on the timeline.
Time Line lesson
BC and AD are common abbreviations used on timelines to denote periods before and after the estimated birth of Jesus Christ. BC stands for Before Christ and AD stands for Anno Domini, which translates to "In the year of our Lord". Some mistakenly think AD means After Death, but that would place the start at year 33 rather than year 1. Alternatively, timelines may use BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) to avoid religious references. The document instructs students to create a timeline using the provided materials and guidelines.
Map lesson
The document discusses the key features of maps that help people use them, including the map title, compass rose, legend/key, scale, and locator. It also lists different types of maps such as physical, political, historical, and land use maps. The document emphasizes the importance of geography and includes an activity for students to label lines of longitude and latitude on maps.
Declaration of Independence
The document provides instructions for a bell ringer activity where students are asked to:
1) Write a list of rights they have as United States citizens or residents
2) Have extra time to write a song, rap or poem about the rights they listed
The overall objective is for students to understand the rights granted in the Declaration of Independence and be able to write an essay explaining these rights using evidence from the text. Students are given 15 minutes to read the Declaration of Independence and create a rights chart before choosing an writing activity option that discusses the rights or their denial.
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Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Newspaper slides
- 1. Reformers Newspaper • Use the following slides and the pages in your textbook to help you complete your newspaper on the Reformation. • You may report on the topics in a number of ways: – Report – Interview – Song/rap/poem – Eye witness accounts
- 2. The Church’s Problems & Criticisms • Priests and bishops were not religious anymore • Pope too involved in politics • Church had grown too rich • Sale of indulgences – A document given by the pope that excused a person from penalties for the sins that he/she had committed
- 3. Martin Luther • Luther troubled by the sale of indulgences among other practices of the Catholic Church • Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517 – THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION BEGINS!!!
- 4. •Getting to Heaven is based on Faith not money •The bible was the only source of religious truth-not the Pope •Get rid of the Pope •Priests do not have any special powers •Anyone can talk to God through prayer •Luther translated the bible from Latin to German •Said that indulgences should be banned
- 5. • Pope pays little attention to the Luther at first • Luther attacks the Pope and his threats of excommunication • The Protestant Reformation further divided Germany • Those who protest the Roman Catholic Church known as PROTESTANTS! • Protestants that followed Luther’s teaching were known as LUTHERANS! Martin Luther cont…
- 6. John Calvin • Calvin taught predestination. This was the idea that God knew who would be saved even before they were born. Nothing that people did during their life would change God’s plan. He thought it was important to live a good life and obey God’s laws. • In 1542 Geneva, Switzerland made Calvin their religious and political leader.
- 7. William Tyndale • Very educated - went to Oxford and Cambridge University. • 1523, Tyndale moved to London with the intention of translating the New Testament into English, an act that was strictly forbidden. He passionately believed that the Bible should determine the practice and doctrine of the Church and that people should be able to read the Bible in their own language.
- 8. Desiderius Erasmus • Dutch humanist and Catholic priest. Believed in free will and wrote about it. He wanted people to have better understanding of one another. Did not agree with everything Martin Luther said but did believe in the Protestant Reformation • Criticized church rituals stating they did not focus on teachings of Jesus or devotion to God
- 9. Political Change leads to reform… • Notion of the Renaissance Prince • Recent War of the Roses created a sense of political instability for the Tudor dynasty --Henry VIII • The significance of a male heir to the Tudors • Henry VIII stood against the Protestant Reformation and was proclaimed the “Defender of the Faith” by the pope. • Henry wanted a boy to ensure a male heir would succeed him when he died. • His marriage to Catherine only produced a daughter, Mary
- 10. The Reformation spreads to England • King Henry VIII seeks an annulment of his marriage to the Queen – Catherine of Aragon • Henry denounces the Roman Catholic Church creates the Church of England and establishes his own supremacy over it – gets his annulment • 6 wives…
- 11. England is Catholic, oh wait… • Henry VIII - 1st Protestant king • After his death, his daughter, Mary will take the crown – she is Catholic!! –The rule of “Bloody” Mary –tried to change the country back to Catholicism, killing many Protestants at the stake • Mary dies and the crown goes to her half sister – Elizabeth (Protestant)
- 12. A Policy of Religious Compromise • Elizabeth became queen after her sister, Mary died –She created reforms that could be accepted by both Protestants and Catholics – attacked those who opposed her –English replaced Latin as the language of prayer in England • Elizabeth’s reign in England is considered a Golden Age
Editor's Notes
- Pope gives him the title of “Defender of the Faith”…writes a book that denounces Luther’s teachings and upholding the might of the 7 sacraments Everything changes when he is in need of an annulment…