The document describes a scenario where a Roman senator is worried about generals in Rome gaining too much power and potentially becoming dictators. Some senators want to take violent action against the generals to prevent this, but it is unclear if using violence against them to save the Republic would be justified.

1. 8/24/16
Bell Ringer
If you were there…
Imagine that you are a Roman senator. You are
worried about the growing power of military men
in Rome’s government. Some senators want to take
violent action to stop generals from taking power in
the senate. They fear the generals will one day
become powerful dictators. Is using violence
against generals okay if it means saving the Roman
Republic?
Why or Why NOT…explain your answer!
Revised scenario from HOLT World History textbook p. 322

2. 7.1 Analyze the legacy of
the Roman Empire.
I can analyze the
growth and significance
of the Roman Empire.

3. • The end of the Roman Republic led to the start
of the Roman Empire
• Today we will see how the Romans turned their
republic into an Empire.

4. 4
Who might this be?

5. Julius Caesar – “Veni, Vidi,
Vici”• In 47 BCE he seized power in Rome and was made dictator.
A short time later, in 44 BCE he was given the title “dictator
for life”
• His soldiers were loyal to him, not to Rome
• Gave public land to the poor, started a job program, granted
citizenship to more people in the provinces
• He increased the Senate to 900 members and then packed it
with supporters of his reforms.
• Caesar’s most lasting reform was the introduction of the
Julian Calendar based on Egyptian knowledge – 365
day/year calendar—July named after him

6. Caesar is assassinated on March 15 44 B.C.E. by
members of the Senate led by Cassius and his friend
Brutus— “Et tu Brute?”—stabbed 23 times
Beware the Ides of March!!

7. Roman Expansion
Based on the map above, what conclusions can you make about Roman power in 117 AD?

8. What does it take to be the
leader of the Roman Empire?
Keep these facts in mind:
• The Romans had over 55,000 miles of paved highways
• 56 million people lived within the borders of the Roman Empire
• The Roman Empire consists of a multitude of people groups with
unique cultures, religions, and languages.

9. http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-
history/emperor-augustus/videos

10. Octavian• Caesar’s adopted son Octavian would
become ruler of Rome after his death
• In 27 BC, Octavian gave up his senate seat
and was named “Augustus” which means
“revered one”
• With Augustus as the new leader, Rome
would enter a new era known as the
Roman Empire
• The first 200 years of the Roman Empire
were very peaceful.
• We call this time period the Pax Romana
which means “Roman Peace”

11. When did he live? 63 BC to 14 AD
Where did he live? Rome
What did he do? As the leader of Rome, Augustus made many
improvements in the city. He created a fire department and a police
force to protect the city’s people. He built new aqueducts and repaired
old ones to increase Rome’s water supply. Augustus also worked on
improving and expanding Rome’s road network.
Why is he important? As Rome’s first emperor, Augustus is one of the
most significant figures in Roman history. Also singlehandedly, he
changed the nature of Roman government forever. But Augustus is
also known for the great monuments he build all around Rome. He
built a new forum that held statues, monuments, and a great temple
to the god Mars. In writing about his life, Augustus declared, “I found
Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”
Point of View: Why do you think so many Romans admired Augustus?
HOLT World History Textbook Augustus biography on page 329

12. Emperor Augustus
• Roads were built connecting
ever corner of the empire
• New government buildings—
glorify Rome—public baths,
libraries, temples, basilicas
• Agriculture became most
important industry—90% --
basis for supporting the huge
empire
• Created a fire department and
a police force to protect the
people
• Aqueducts---example of Roman
engineering and building skills
• 14 aqueducts stretching over 250
miles--brought 50 gallons of
water daily into Rome for each
inhabitant
• He built a new forum that held
statues, monuments, and a great
temple to the god Mars

13. The Roman Forum Today
• Why do you think so many Romans
admired Augustus?

14. • The map above shows the Roman Empire in 117 AD at the height of the
Pax Romana. This 200-year period saw unprecedented peace and economic
prosperity throughout the Empire, which spanned from England in the north to
Morocco in the south and Iraq in the east.
• During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire reached its peak in terms of land area,
and its population swelled to an estimated 70 million people.
Source: ushistory.org

15. • Choose a side:
• Team Julius Caesar
• Team Caesar Augustus
• Write down 3 reason why you choose that
side on your white board.
• Go stand with your team – get ready to
debate!

16. Extra Info…

17. • Julius Caesar was one of Rome’s most
powerful generals
• Roman’s admired him for his bravery in battle
and land acquisitions
• Caesar’s military made him an important
figure in Roman politics
• Caesar was also an excellent speaker which
won him many supporters
• In 45 BC, Julius Caesar proclaimed himself the
dictator of Rome
• Many of the Roman senators did not approve
of the way Caesar came to power
• On March 15, 44 BC a group of senators
attacked Caesar in the senate and killed him

18. Julius Caesar Conquers Gaul (modern
day France)
• 58-50 B.C.E.
• Caesar’s military
genius is displayed
• Wrote the book The
Gallic Wars—
propaganda—presents
himself as the greatest
living Roman
• “Veni, vidi, vici”
“I came, I saw,
I conquered”

19. The Second Triumvirate
43-31 B.C.E.
 Octavian Augustus
 age 18—grandnephew
of Caesar
 Marc Antony
 experienced general—
Caesar’s favorite
 Marcus Lepidus (powerful
politician)

20. The Dictatorship of the First
Triumvirate
 Julius Caesar —elected consul
in 60 B.C.E.
 Crassus (wealthy citizen—made
governor of Syria where he was
killed)
 Pompey—(popular general—
waged a civil war against
Caesar—lost & was
assassinated in 47 B.C.E.)