Presentation made at the MPhil and PhD Program at Kathmandu University in 2013

1. Kathmandu University
School of Education I MPhil/PhD Program I Development Studies
“Breaking the Barriers of Higher Education:
Challenges of higher Education Nepal”
A Brief Reflective Presentation of an Article
Written by Rajendra P Sharma
For the Fulfillment of Requirement of an Assignment of Diversity in Education
(Article Length: 2107 )
May 10, 2013
.http://nche.academia.edu/RajendraPSharma/Presentation

2. Organizational Format of the Article
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Purpose
Organization
Theoretical base
Understanding higher education in Nepal
Challenges in higher education
Conclusion
References

3.
Purpose of the Article
 To contribute to the body of knowledge on the educational
system through reviewing and identifying the underlying
challenges of higher education system
 Specific objective
 To identify the challenges of higher education system of Nepal

4. The article is based on the theory
 That believes education concern in developing not only
personal but also social qualities, conscience, awareness and a
sense of the personal agency which allow action (Goldberg,
2009).
 The article reviews the higher education system of Nepal
 Explores challenges of the higher education particularly in
Nepal

5. Challenges Identified - I
– To fill the gap between education and economic & social needs
– international cooperation between institutions in order to
– share knowledge across borders
– facilitate collaboration
– university expansion has been grown but
– lack of proper administration
– political influence
– non-participatory and non-transparent process continuing
– unequal distribution of higher educational opportunities both in
quality and quantity

6. Challenges Identified – II
Inefficiency, inconsistency & Inequality
– Inefficient educational management
– Inconsistent policies
– Poor implementation of policies and program
– lack of resources, physical and educational facilities
– Conventional system of budgeting and financing
– Standardization & support for research work
– Use of ICT in teaching and learning
And,
– Adjustments of new changes

7. The Reflection of the article
The higher education system should be flexible enough to offer a
variety of courses,
 formal and non formal,
 full time and part time,
 correspondence and media based
------ to fit every individual as well as the economic needs of
the country

8. To achieve this,
 the state and the society must work hand in hand
 enact laws for necessary financing and better execution to
overcome the challenges that ensure equality and access to
higher education in Nepal

9. References
• Chitty, C. (2002). Understanding schools andsSchooling. London: Rouledge Falmer.
• Clotfelter, T. C., Ehrenberg, R. G., Getz, M., & Siegfried, J. J. (1991). Economic challenges in higher education.
National Bureau of Economic Research, University of Chicago Press.
• Delors J. et al. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved from
www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001095/109590eo.pdf on 15 March 20`13.
• Government of Nepal (GON). (2007). The interim constitution. Kathmandu: Author.
• Gautam, D. (2013). Philosophy of teaching - Breaking the conventional barriers. The Himalayan Times. Kathamndu:
6 Feb 2013.
• Graner, E. (1998). A geography of education in Nepal. CNAS Journal, 25 (2), Kathmandu: CNAS.
• HMG/NECO (1972). National education plan: As they see it. Kathmandu, Author.
• Orr, D. (2004). Earth in Mind: On education, environment and the human prospect, Chicago: Island Press.
• Scott, P. (nd). Globalization and higher education: Challenges for the 21st century. London: Kingston University.
• Sterling, S. (2001). Sustainable education: Revisioning learning and change. London: Green Books.
• UNESCO, (2008). Education and the search for a sustainable future, policy dialogue 1: ESD and development
policy. http://www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/0017.pdf
• UNESCO, (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. Retrieved from
http://www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001831/183168e.pdf on 2 April 2013.

10. References
• Chitty, C. (2002). Understanding schools andsSchooling. London: Rouledge Falmer.
• Clotfelter, T. C., Ehrenberg, R. G., Getz, M., & Siegfried, J. J. (1991). Economic challenges in higher education.
National Bureau of Economic Research, University of Chicago Press.
• Delors J. et al. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved from
www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001095/109590eo.pdf on 15 March 20`13.
• Government of Nepal (GON). (2007). The interim constitution. Kathmandu: Author.
• Gautam, D. (2013). Philosophy of teaching - Breaking the conventional barriers. The Himalayan Times. Kathamndu:
6 Feb 2013.
• Graner, E. (1998). A geography of education in Nepal. CNAS Journal, 25 (2), Kathmandu: CNAS.
• HMG/NECO (1972). National education plan: As they see it. Kathmandu, Author.
• Orr, D. (2004). Earth in Mind: On education, environment and the human prospect, Chicago: Island Press.
• Scott, P. (nd). Globalization and higher education: Challenges for the 21st century. London: Kingston University.
• Sterling, S. (2001). Sustainable education: Revisioning learning and change. London: Green Books.
• UNESCO, (2008). Education and the search for a sustainable future, policy dialogue 1: ESD and development
policy. http://www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/0017.pdf
• UNESCO, (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. Retrieved from
http://www.unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001831/183168e.pdf on 2 April 2013.