The document discusses the Neolithic Age, characterized by the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement. It highlights key technological advancements such as the development of new tools, domestication of plants and animals, and the emergence of pottery and sedentary lifestyles in early village structures. Archaeological sites like Çatal Hüyük and Jericho illustrate the social organization and cultural practices of Neolithic communities.

1. NEOLITHIC AGE
From the Era of the beginning of the farming to
the Metals Age.
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2. Neolithic Revolution was the
transition of many human cultures
from a lifestyle of hunting and
gathering to one of agriculture and
settlement.
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3. NEOLITHIC TECHNOLOGY
• The mankind made
new tools as:
– Sickle (hoz, para
segar el cereal).
– Hand mill (molino
de mano, para
moler el cereal).
– A chopper axe ( un
hacha de piedra,
pero la piedra está
pulimentada).
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4. 4

5. It is a hand-held agricultural tool designed
with variously curved blades and typically
used for harvesting.
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6. HAND
MILL
They were first used in the Neolithic to
grind cereals into flour.
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7. 7

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9. THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMAL SPECIES
AND PLANTS.
Plants.
• Wheat (Trigo).
• Barley (Cebada).
• Lentil (Legumbres
como la lenteja).
• Rice (arroz) in Asia.
• Corn (maiz) in America.
Animal species.
– VACA (cow).
– OVEJA (sheep).
– CABRA (goat).
– CERDO (pig).
– PERRO (dog).
– One of the last
animal species
domesticated was
the cat.
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10. THE BEGINNING OF POTTERY
(cerámica).
• How to make a bowl
(vasija):
– 1. Clay (barro).
– 2. Model the clay.
– 3. Make some
geometric paintings on
the clay or make some
lines or basic symbols.
– We use holes on the
ground as ovens to
cook the bowls.
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11. THE MANKIND BECAME
SEDENTARY.
• FIRST VILLAGES:
mankind built first
houses with a circular
shape. They hadn't
different rooms. In the
middle of the house
they used to made a
circle with stones and
they used it as kitchen
and heating.
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12. • After a few
centuries the
mankind built their
houses with a
rectangular shape.
• They began to
divide the house in
different rooms,
one of them for the
animals.
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13. NEOLITHIC
ARCHAELOGICAL SITES.
• The manking became sedentary (farmers and
shepperds) in the Middle East (countries such as Iraq,
Israel, Palestine, Syria, south Turkey and west Iran).
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14. CATAL HÜYÜK (south Turkey).
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15. Approximately
between 7500 BC
and 5700 BC.
An average population of
between 5,000 and 7,000. The
sites were set up as large
numbers of buildings clustered
together. The inhabitants lived in
mudbrick houses that were
crammed together in an
aggregate structure. There are no
footpaths or streets. Houses were
clustered in a honeycomb-like
maze. Most were accessed by
holes in the ceiling, with doors
reached by ladders and stairs.
The rooftops were streets. The
ceiling openings also served as
the only source of ventilation.
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16. CHATAL HUYUK' S TEMPLES
-Archeologists found out
some houses they
identified as temples.
- They found out rooms
decorated with paintings
and sculptures of heads
of bulls.
- In the Ancient Times the
bull was identified with
the virility (maleness) of
the man and in general
with fertility.

17. - Some of the paintings
found at Chatal Huyuk
show hunting scenes,
rituals dance. They also
found out some
sculptures of heads of
bulls, pregnant women
and a figure of the
“Mother Goddess” (la
Diosa Madre).
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18. 18

19. Nowadays, some
villages in Africa
are still built with
the same structure
of Catal Huyuk. It
is a defensive
structure.
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20. NEOLITICH ON EAST
MEDITERRANEAN SEA :JERICHO
- The village was surrounded by
a wall (3.6 metres high and
1.8 metres thick) but for first
time they built a tower to
defend themselves.
- Jericho was near the Death
Sea and they used to trade
with salt.
- Jericho had already 2.000
people. They were the only
one sedentary people around
the Death Sea; the rest of the
people were nomads.
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21. Founded 9600 BC.
The town contained round
mud-brick houses. With the
past of the time the
architecture changed to
rectilinear buildings made of
mudbricks on stone
foundations. The dead were
buried under the floors. This
population had
domesticated wheat, barley an
d pulses. The construction of
the wall and the tower
indicates a complex social
organization. Population as
much as 2000 people.
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22. - Archaeologists
found some skulls
decorated as human
heads.
- They buried their
deads under the
ground of the
houses.
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23. The plastered skulls
represent some of the
earliest forms of burial
practices. During
the Neolithic period,
the deceased were
often buried under the
floors of their homes.
Sometimes the skull
was removed, and its
cavities filled with
plaster and
painted. Some scholars
believe that this burial
practice represents an
early form of ancestor
worship, where the
plastered skulls were
used to commemorate
and respect family
ancestors.
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