NCM notes: Allergic reactions
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This document discusses different types of allergic reactions and allergic disorders. It outlines 5 types of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions including type 1 rapid reactions, type 2 cytotoxic reactions, type 3 immune complex mediated reactions, type 4 delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and type 5 stimulatory reactions. It then describes several allergic disorders like anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, dermatitis medicamentosa, urticaria, and serum sickness. For each condition it provides details on symptoms, diagnosis, management, and supportive care.
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Hypersensitivity Concepts Vo
The document summarizes different types of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. It describes Type I reactions as rapid hypersensitivity reactions mediated by IgE antibodies, including seasonal allergies, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. Type II reactions are cytotoxic and involve autoantibodies against self cells. Type III reactions occur when immune complexes form in blood vessels and cause tissue damage. Type IV reactions are delayed hypersensitivity responses mediated by T cells without antibodies or complement involvement, like contact dermatitis. Type V reactions involve inappropriate stimulation of cell receptors by autoantibodies. The document also discusses specific conditions like latex allergy, allergic rhinitis, Sjogren's syndrome, and Goodpasture's syndrome
(Allergy) pharmacognosy
Allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to normally harmless substances called allergens. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, animal dander, foods and medications. The immune system produces IgE antibodies that mistakenly identify allergens as harmful. When a person is exposed to an allergen, the antibodies trigger an inflammatory response causing allergy symptoms. Allergies can be classified based on the route of exposure such as inhaled, ingested or contact allergens. Skin testing and blood tests can help identify specific allergens causing a person's symptoms. Treatments include avoidance of allergens and medications that reduce inflammation.
Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions
This document summarizes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (immediate or anaphylactic), Type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic), Type III (complex-mediated), and Type IV (cell-mediated or delayed). It provides details on the mechanisms, examples, diagnostic tests and treatments for each type of hypersensitivity reaction.
Allergic diseases SLIDES
1. Allergic diseases affect people throughout their lives and involve multiple organ systems like the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
2. Allergic reactions occur in stages from pre-immunological sensitization to antigen-antibody reactions to the pathological effects of substances like histamine.
3. Diagnosis involves a detailed patient history, physical exams of affected organs, and laboratory tests including blood counts, IgE levels, and skin prick or patch tests to identify specific allergens.
Allergy and histamine
Allergies are caused by an abnormal response of the immune system to usually harmless substances called allergens. When a person is exposed to an allergen, their body produces antibodies that attach to mast cells and cause them to release chemicals like histamine. Histamine causes allergic symptoms and is involved in allergic and inflammatory processes throughout the body. Allergies can be tested for and treated with medications that reduce symptoms or immunotherapy which desensitizes the immune system to allergens over time.
Hypersensitivity Reactions with an Overview on Anaphylaxis
This document provides an overview of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. It begins with objectives and definitions, then discusses Coombs and Gell's classification of hypersensitivity reactions into four types. Type 1 is allergy mediated by IgE, Type 2 involves cytotoxic antibodies, Type 3 involves immune complex formation, and Type 4 is delayed hypersensitivity. It also covers anaphylaxis in detail, including causes, pathophysiology involving mast cell activation, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Natural allergens - Definition , classification, drugs
This document discusses various types of allergens and fungal toxins. It provides information on natural allergens like pollens and dander that can cause allergic reactions. It categorizes allergens as inhalant, ingestant, injectant, contactant, and infectant based on their route of exposure and describes examples and symptoms for each category. The document also discusses photosensitizing agents that can cause photosensitivity reactions. Finally, it covers several mycotoxins or fungal toxins like aflatoxin, sterigmatocystin, ergot toxin, and ochratoxin that are toxic metabolites produced by molds and their health effects.
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An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. These foreign substances are called allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. the presentation deals with the precautions to take, the preventive measures and the types of allergies. Causes of allergy and the common symptoms priovide the awareness whilst diagnosis of allergy is the preventive process.
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Hypersensitivity Concepts Vo
The document summarizes different types of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. It describes Type I reactions as rapid hypersensitivity reactions mediated by IgE antibodies, including seasonal allergies, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. Type II reactions are cytotoxic and involve autoantibodies against self cells. Type III reactions occur when immune complexes form in blood vessels and cause tissue damage. Type IV reactions are delayed hypersensitivity responses mediated by T cells without antibodies or complement involvement, like contact dermatitis. Type V reactions involve inappropriate stimulation of cell receptors by autoantibodies. The document also discusses specific conditions like latex allergy, allergic rhinitis, Sjogren's syndrome, and Goodpasture's syndrome
(Allergy) pharmacognosy
Allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to normally harmless substances called allergens. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, animal dander, foods and medications. The immune system produces IgE antibodies that mistakenly identify allergens as harmful. When a person is exposed to an allergen, the antibodies trigger an inflammatory response causing allergy symptoms. Allergies can be classified based on the route of exposure such as inhaled, ingested or contact allergens. Skin testing and blood tests can help identify specific allergens causing a person's symptoms. Treatments include avoidance of allergens and medications that reduce inflammation.
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This document summarizes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (immediate or anaphylactic), Type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic), Type III (complex-mediated), and Type IV (cell-mediated or delayed). It provides details on the mechanisms, examples, diagnostic tests and treatments for each type of hypersensitivity reaction.
Allergic diseases SLIDES
1. Allergic diseases affect people throughout their lives and involve multiple organ systems like the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.
2. Allergic reactions occur in stages from pre-immunological sensitization to antigen-antibody reactions to the pathological effects of substances like histamine.
3. Diagnosis involves a detailed patient history, physical exams of affected organs, and laboratory tests including blood counts, IgE levels, and skin prick or patch tests to identify specific allergens.
Allergy and histamine
Allergies are caused by an abnormal response of the immune system to usually harmless substances called allergens. When a person is exposed to an allergen, their body produces antibodies that attach to mast cells and cause them to release chemicals like histamine. Histamine causes allergic symptoms and is involved in allergic and inflammatory processes throughout the body. Allergies can be tested for and treated with medications that reduce symptoms or immunotherapy which desensitizes the immune system to allergens over time.
Hypersensitivity Reactions with an Overview on Anaphylaxis
This document provides an overview of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. It begins with objectives and definitions, then discusses Coombs and Gell's classification of hypersensitivity reactions into four types. Type 1 is allergy mediated by IgE, Type 2 involves cytotoxic antibodies, Type 3 involves immune complex formation, and Type 4 is delayed hypersensitivity. It also covers anaphylaxis in detail, including causes, pathophysiology involving mast cell activation, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Natural allergens - Definition , classification, drugs
This document discusses various types of allergens and fungal toxins. It provides information on natural allergens like pollens and dander that can cause allergic reactions. It categorizes allergens as inhalant, ingestant, injectant, contactant, and infectant based on their route of exposure and describes examples and symptoms for each category. The document also discusses photosensitizing agents that can cause photosensitivity reactions. Finally, it covers several mycotoxins or fungal toxins like aflatoxin, sterigmatocystin, ergot toxin, and ochratoxin that are toxic metabolites produced by molds and their health effects.
Allergy
An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. These foreign substances are called allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. the presentation deals with the precautions to take, the preventive measures and the types of allergies. Causes of allergy and the common symptoms priovide the awareness whilst diagnosis of allergy is the preventive process.
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Allergy is defined as a disorder of the immune system often also referred to as atopy. Allergic reactions occur when a person’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.
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Allegra
Allegra
Synonyms - Fexofenadine, Telfast, Allegra Hives, Carboxyterfenadine hydrochloride
Category - Allergy
What is Allegra ?
ALLEGRA active ingredient is Fexofenadine hydrochloride. Allegra is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body.
Use
This medicine is used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, sneezing, hives, and itching. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction
Allergy assignment
The document discusses allergies, defining them as immune responses to normally harmless substances. It describes common allergen types like pollen, dust, foods and identifies symptoms like sneezing, watery eyes. Allergens are classified by their route of exposure - inhaled, injected, ingested, contacted. Diagnosis involves skin prick or patch tests. Treatment includes avoidance, medications like antihistamines, decongestants, steroids and immunotherapy injections.
Hypersensitivity final
This document discusses hypersensitivity reactions, specifically focusing on Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. It defines hypersensitivity as injurious consequences in a sensitized host following contact with a specific antigen. Type 1 reactions are immediate or anaphylactic hypersensitivities that involve IgE antibodies and mast cells or basophils. Upon re-exposure to an antigen, pre-bound IgE is crosslinked, causing degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators like histamine. This leads to symptoms of anaphylaxis such as hives, swelling, breathing difficulties, and low blood pressure. Food allergies, hay fever, and asthma are examples of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
Hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve cytotoxic antibodies binding to antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell damage or lysis. This can cause hemolytic anemia by destroying red blood cells, thrombocytopenia by destroying platelets, and other conditions. Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a major example, where maternal IgG antibodies specific for fetal red blood cell antigens cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells, sometimes with fatal consequences such as erythroblastosis fetalis caused by Rh incompatibility. Transfusion reactions are also type II, where pre-existing antibodies bind transfused red blood cells and mediate their destruction.
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Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions produced by the normal immune system.
Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized state of the host.
Four types of hypersensitivity
Type I – anaphylactic
Type II – cytotoxic
Type III – immune complex mediated
Type IV – contact, tuberculin and granulomatous
Anaphylaxis is defined as a life-threatening allergic reaction set in action by a wide range of antigens and involving multiple organ systems.
The true incidence is difficult to estimate, but in 1973 the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program reported six anaphylactic reactions and 0.87 deaths from anaphylaxis per 10,000 patients.
Reactions to insect stings alone are responsible for at least 50 deaths in the United States each year.
These figures reveal the importance of continued research into the biology of anaphylaxis along with developing new (and improving existing) therapies.
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This document provides information on different types of allergy tests, including skin prick tests, intradermal tests, serum IgE assays, nasal provocation tests, and bronchial provocation tests. It describes how each test is performed, interpreted, and its advantages and disadvantages. Allergy tests are used to identify specific allergens that may be causing a person's symptoms in order to guide allergen avoidance and immunotherapy treatments. Precautions must be taken with allergy challenge tests due to the risk of systemic allergic reactions.
Hypersensitivity reaction iv
This document summarizes different types of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Type IV reactions are induced by sensitized T cells in response to intracellular pathogens or haptens. They develop slowly over 48-72 hours and involve lymphocytes and macrophages. Two types are recognized: tuberculin reactions which produce indurated skin inflammation in response to tuberculin, and contact dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals, metals, or drugs. Contact dermatitis lesions can include macules, papules and vesicles, and cause itching within 4-5 hours of allergen exposure.
Allergy
Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction to foreign substances called antigens that are harmless to most individuals. It affects 15-30% of the global population, many of them children. Allergies can cause symptoms like sneezing and itching and interfere with daily life. Treating allergies costs billions of dollars annually. There are four main types of allergic reactions that involve different immunoglobulins and immune cells. Common allergens come from natural sources like pollen and foods or chemical sources like drugs.
Hypersensitivity
The document discusses hypersensitivity and defines it as an injurious immune response in a sensitized host following contact with a specific antigen. It describes the 4 main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I or immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE antibodies; Type II involving cytotoxic antibodies; Type III occurring via immune complex formation; and Type IV or delayed hypersensitivity mediated by T cells. It provides details on the mechanisms, mediators, examples and characteristics of each hypersensitivity type.
Natural allergens
This document discusses different types of natural allergens:
- Inhalant allergens include pollen, pets, dust mites, and molds which cause respiratory issues like hay fever and asthma.
- Ingestant or food allergens are present in foods and cause gastrointestinal and other symptoms when digested. Common food allergens include milk, eggs, peanuts, and wheat.
- Injectant allergens come from insect stings or injections and can cause itching, rashes, and swelling.
- Contact allergens like cosmetic ingredients or plant oils cause skin irritation and dermatitis upon contact.
- Infectant allergens are caused by bacterial or
Bases of Allergology
This document provides information on allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. It discusses the four types of hypersensitivity reactions including type I (allergic) reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. Common diseases caused by type I reactions include anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, and urticaria. Skin prick tests are described as a technique for diagnosing allergies. Treatment options discussed include symptomatic treatments and immunotherapy/desensitization. Drug allergies and anaphylaxis are also summarized, including symptoms, management, and common triggers.
Antiallergy drugs
This document discusses various drug treatments for ocular allergies. It describes how allergic reactions cause the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells. The main classes of anti-allergy drugs discussed are ocular decongestants, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Specific examples of drugs in each class are provided along with their mechanisms of action and recommended dosages.
allergic diseases, atopic,bronchial asthma
This document discusses allergic diseases and their diagnosis. It notes that the incidence of allergic conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis are rising. Atopy, the genetic predisposition to develop IgE antibodies, involves complex genetic and environmental factors. Allergic disorders are caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions and IgE-mediated immune responses. Diagnosis involves taking a thorough history, and may include nonspecific tests like CBC and IgE levels or more specific tests like skin prick tests and allergen-specific IgE blood tests to identify triggers.
Atopic dermatitis
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Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.
Hypersensitivity
This document defines and describes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (immediate), Type II (cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex), and Type IV (cell-mediated). Type I is mediated by IgE and mast cells/basophils and causes rapid allergic reactions. Type II involves IgG/IgM binding to cell surfaces and complement activation, resulting in conditions like hemolytic anemia. Type III occurs when immune complexes deposit in tissues, activating complement and attracting phagocytes and causing inflammation. Type IV is a delayed reaction mediated by sensitized T cells activating macrophages.
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Allergy is defined as a disorder of the immune system often also referred to as atopy. Allergic reactions occur when a person’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.
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Allegra
Allegra
Synonyms - Fexofenadine, Telfast, Allegra Hives, Carboxyterfenadine hydrochloride
Category - Allergy
What is Allegra ?
ALLEGRA active ingredient is Fexofenadine hydrochloride. Allegra is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body.
Use
This medicine is used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, sneezing, hives, and itching. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction
Allergy assignment
The document discusses allergies, defining them as immune responses to normally harmless substances. It describes common allergen types like pollen, dust, foods and identifies symptoms like sneezing, watery eyes. Allergens are classified by their route of exposure - inhaled, injected, ingested, contacted. Diagnosis involves skin prick or patch tests. Treatment includes avoidance, medications like antihistamines, decongestants, steroids and immunotherapy injections.
Hypersensitivity final
This document discusses hypersensitivity reactions, specifically focusing on Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. It defines hypersensitivity as injurious consequences in a sensitized host following contact with a specific antigen. Type 1 reactions are immediate or anaphylactic hypersensitivities that involve IgE antibodies and mast cells or basophils. Upon re-exposure to an antigen, pre-bound IgE is crosslinked, causing degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators like histamine. This leads to symptoms of anaphylaxis such as hives, swelling, breathing difficulties, and low blood pressure. Food allergies, hay fever, and asthma are examples of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
Hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve cytotoxic antibodies binding to antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell damage or lysis. This can cause hemolytic anemia by destroying red blood cells, thrombocytopenia by destroying platelets, and other conditions. Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a major example, where maternal IgG antibodies specific for fetal red blood cell antigens cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells, sometimes with fatal consequences such as erythroblastosis fetalis caused by Rh incompatibility. Transfusion reactions are also type II, where pre-existing antibodies bind transfused red blood cells and mediate their destruction.
Hypersensitivity reactions for Medical Students
Hypersensitivity (animated) for MBBS Students
Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions produced by the normal immune system.
Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized state of the host.
Four types of hypersensitivity
Type I – anaphylactic
Type II – cytotoxic
Type III – immune complex mediated
Type IV – contact, tuberculin and granulomatous
Anaphylaxis is defined as a life-threatening allergic reaction set in action by a wide range of antigens and involving multiple organ systems.
The true incidence is difficult to estimate, but in 1973 the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program reported six anaphylactic reactions and 0.87 deaths from anaphylaxis per 10,000 patients.
Reactions to insect stings alone are responsible for at least 50 deaths in the United States each year.
These figures reveal the importance of continued research into the biology of anaphylaxis along with developing new (and improving existing) therapies.
Atopic eczema
Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition characterised by an itchy red rash that favours the skin creases such as the folds of the elbows or behind the knees.
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This document provides information on different types of allergy tests, including skin prick tests, intradermal tests, serum IgE assays, nasal provocation tests, and bronchial provocation tests. It describes how each test is performed, interpreted, and its advantages and disadvantages. Allergy tests are used to identify specific allergens that may be causing a person's symptoms in order to guide allergen avoidance and immunotherapy treatments. Precautions must be taken with allergy challenge tests due to the risk of systemic allergic reactions.
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This document summarizes different types of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Type IV reactions are induced by sensitized T cells in response to intracellular pathogens or haptens. They develop slowly over 48-72 hours and involve lymphocytes and macrophages. Two types are recognized: tuberculin reactions which produce indurated skin inflammation in response to tuberculin, and contact dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals, metals, or drugs. Contact dermatitis lesions can include macules, papules and vesicles, and cause itching within 4-5 hours of allergen exposure.
Allergy
Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction to foreign substances called antigens that are harmless to most individuals. It affects 15-30% of the global population, many of them children. Allergies can cause symptoms like sneezing and itching and interfere with daily life. Treating allergies costs billions of dollars annually. There are four main types of allergic reactions that involve different immunoglobulins and immune cells. Common allergens come from natural sources like pollen and foods or chemical sources like drugs.
Hypersensitivity
The document discusses hypersensitivity and defines it as an injurious immune response in a sensitized host following contact with a specific antigen. It describes the 4 main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I or immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE antibodies; Type II involving cytotoxic antibodies; Type III occurring via immune complex formation; and Type IV or delayed hypersensitivity mediated by T cells. It provides details on the mechanisms, mediators, examples and characteristics of each hypersensitivity type.
Natural allergens
This document discusses different types of natural allergens:
- Inhalant allergens include pollen, pets, dust mites, and molds which cause respiratory issues like hay fever and asthma.
- Ingestant or food allergens are present in foods and cause gastrointestinal and other symptoms when digested. Common food allergens include milk, eggs, peanuts, and wheat.
- Injectant allergens come from insect stings or injections and can cause itching, rashes, and swelling.
- Contact allergens like cosmetic ingredients or plant oils cause skin irritation and dermatitis upon contact.
- Infectant allergens are caused by bacterial or
Bases of Allergology
This document provides information on allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. It discusses the four types of hypersensitivity reactions including type I (allergic) reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. Common diseases caused by type I reactions include anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, and urticaria. Skin prick tests are described as a technique for diagnosing allergies. Treatment options discussed include symptomatic treatments and immunotherapy/desensitization. Drug allergies and anaphylaxis are also summarized, including symptoms, management, and common triggers.
Antiallergy drugs
This document discusses various drug treatments for ocular allergies. It describes how allergic reactions cause the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells. The main classes of anti-allergy drugs discussed are ocular decongestants, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Specific examples of drugs in each class are provided along with their mechanisms of action and recommended dosages.
allergic diseases, atopic,bronchial asthma
This document discusses allergic diseases and their diagnosis. It notes that the incidence of allergic conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis are rising. Atopy, the genetic predisposition to develop IgE antibodies, involves complex genetic and environmental factors. Allergic disorders are caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions and IgE-mediated immune responses. Diagnosis involves taking a thorough history, and may include nonspecific tests like CBC and IgE levels or more specific tests like skin prick tests and allergen-specific IgE blood tests to identify triggers.
Atopic dermatitis
hanifin and rajka criteria, entymology, definition of AD, atopy, etiopathogenesis of AD, genetics in AD, filaggrin, epidermal barrier dysfunction, atopic march, hygiene hypothesis, infantile phase of AD, childhood phase of AD, adult phase of AD, pityriasis alba, denne morgan folds, dirty neck appearence, nipple dermatitis, hanifin and rajka criteria, UK refinement of hanifin and rajka criteria, millenium criteria of AD, japanese dermatological association criteria, management of AD, wet wrap therapy,
Dental Managment Of Allergy
Dental Managment Of Allergy
Definition of allergy
Types of allergy
Dental management
Type 1 - anaphylaxis management
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.
Hypersensitivity
This document defines and describes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (immediate), Type II (cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex), and Type IV (cell-mediated). Type I is mediated by IgE and mast cells/basophils and causes rapid allergic reactions. Type II involves IgG/IgM binding to cell surfaces and complement activation, resulting in conditions like hemolytic anemia. Type III occurs when immune complexes deposit in tissues, activating complement and attracting phagocytes and causing inflammation. Type IV is a delayed reaction mediated by sensitized T cells activating macrophages.
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