An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. These foreign substances are called allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. the presentation deals with the precautions to take, the preventive measures and the types of allergies. Causes of allergy and the common symptoms priovide the awareness whilst diagnosis of allergy is the preventive process.
Allergies are becoming increasingly common in Australia for a range of reasons. These slides were developed for a course created to help the community better understand and more effectively manage allergies.
Allergy is defined as a disorder of the immune system often also referred to as atopy. Allergic reactions occur when a person’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.
Allergies are becoming increasingly common in Australia for a range of reasons. These slides were developed for a course created to help the community better understand and more effectively manage allergies.
Allergy is defined as a disorder of the immune system often also referred to as atopy. Allergic reactions occur when a person’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.
Allergic disorders are on rise with increase in urbanization, improved personal hygiene & more people migrating in search of jobs, better opportunities. Diagnosis of allergy can aid the clinician is appropriate counselling of the patient for avoidance of specific allergens & if required prescribe appropriate immunotherapy.
At present, 1 in 5 Australians is affected by an allergy, of which food allergies constitute the majority. Often one test cannot conclusively diagnose an allergen and a combination of tests may need to be conducted for certainty.
Your body's immune system protects you from disease and infection. But if you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of the body.
No one is sure what causes autoimmune diseases. They do tend to run in families. Women - particularly African-American, Hispanic-American, and Native-American women - have a higher risk for some autoimmune diseases.
There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, and some have similar symptoms. This makes it hard for your health care provider to know if you really have one of these diseases, and if so, which one. Getting a diagnosis can be frustrating and stressful. Often, the first symptoms are fatigue, muscle aches and a low fever. The classic sign of an autoimmune disease is inflammation, which can cause redness, heat, pain and swelling.
The diseases may also have flare-ups, when they get worse, and remissions, when symptoms get better or disappear. Treatment depends on the disease, but in most cases one important goal is to reduce inflammation. Sometimes doctors prescribe corticosteroids or other drugs that reduce your immune response.
Allergic disorders are on rise with increase in urbanization, improved personal hygiene & more people migrating in search of jobs, better opportunities. Diagnosis of allergy can aid the clinician is appropriate counselling of the patient for avoidance of specific allergens & if required prescribe appropriate immunotherapy.
At present, 1 in 5 Australians is affected by an allergy, of which food allergies constitute the majority. Often one test cannot conclusively diagnose an allergen and a combination of tests may need to be conducted for certainty.
Your body's immune system protects you from disease and infection. But if you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of the body.
No one is sure what causes autoimmune diseases. They do tend to run in families. Women - particularly African-American, Hispanic-American, and Native-American women - have a higher risk for some autoimmune diseases.
There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, and some have similar symptoms. This makes it hard for your health care provider to know if you really have one of these diseases, and if so, which one. Getting a diagnosis can be frustrating and stressful. Often, the first symptoms are fatigue, muscle aches and a low fever. The classic sign of an autoimmune disease is inflammation, which can cause redness, heat, pain and swelling.
The diseases may also have flare-ups, when they get worse, and remissions, when symptoms get better or disappear. Treatment depends on the disease, but in most cases one important goal is to reduce inflammation. Sometimes doctors prescribe corticosteroids or other drugs that reduce your immune response.
An allergy is a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to a substance that is typically harmless. When the body comes into contact with the allergen, it releases histamine, a chemical that leads to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and swelling. allergies can be caused by a variety of things, including pollen, pet dander, dust, and certain foods. Some people have such severe allergies that they can go into anaphylactic shock, which can be life-threatening.
Allergy is the reaction reflected onto one’s body due to a foreign substance. Allergies in the body can be caused due to foods, drugs and inhalants. Testing for allergy is the most effective way to diagnose and manage the allergens that can lead to severe complications in future. To know more about the diagnosis and management of different kinds of allergies, you can visit an allergy test lab in Ahmedabad.
Coughing and sneezing? Allergy season is upon us. This slide will teach you the basics of seasonal allergy treatments. Longevity Medical Health Center is the leading provider of naturopathic allergy treatments in the United States.
This lesson explores the various aspects of growth and development in early choldhood. It goes on to examine the milestones and the significance of a red flag. The physical, cognitive, aural, linguistic, ethical, socio-emnotional aspects are dealt with in detail.
This lesson explores the differencs between growth and development. It deals with the early childhood. the chapter examines the meaning and characteistics of physical, motor,. cognitive, linguistic and socio-emotional aspects of development.
Tadoba is located in Maharashtra. Best way to get there is to go by road from Nagpur. Tadoba is a tiger snctuary. It is believed that Tadoba does not disappoint visitors. Cameras are not permitted inside the sanctuary.
New Zealand is a beautiful country. Travellling acroos new Zealand by road is a good way to see the countruy. The Trans Alpine rail road is an experience to behold. The glaciers, Mt. Cook are breathtaking. The flora and fauna are untouched by predators. Those of you who are not used to driving on the left side of the road need not worry. The roads are pretty much empty.
From Chalk to Talk the Art of Teaching deals with the theories, techniques of teaching, with classroom management , engagement and such required skills for a teacher trainee as well as upskilling of teachers . The language is lucid. The book provides innumerable examples and a myriad of techniques to teach innovatively. It is a ready reckoner for a teacher of any subject. A must in the school library.
Milestones are very often referred to as red flags. this chapter differentiates between the growth and development, deals with the body types and the factors of evelopment. The stages of development from infancy to middle childhood are dealt with in this chapgter. It also deals with the aspects of development
To remain helathy and fit ,a balanced diet is necessary. this diet shouyld contain carbohydrate, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. the presentation deals with the classes of food and the deficiency diseases - rickets, night blindness, xeropthalamia, goitre, osteomalacia, beri beri abnd pellagra. It also deals with the sources, functions and deficiency diseases of the various vitamins.
Pollination is very important. It leads to the creation of new seeds that grow into new plants. All plants do not have flowers. Some might have small or large flowers. The pollination process varies from plant to plant depending on the kind of flowers. Different pollinators feed on different plants and therefore pollinate different plants. Some common pollinators are bees, butterflies, birds, and moths. there are flowers which get pollinated by elephants.
Growth & development - Physical Education - Grade 10Pramila Kudva
Growth and development are important as pect of physical education. It is important to understand the principles of development, differentiate between growth and development. this presentation also deals with maturation and learning and a brief over view of all the stages of development.
RAFT technique includes writing from different viewpoints.
It helps students learn important writing skills such as audience, main idea, and organization.
It teaches students to think creatively about writing
It gives students a fresh way to think about approaching their writing. It occupies a nice middle ground between standard, dry essays and free-for-all creative writing.
Contact: Pramilakudva2016@gmail.com
Urbanisation is the challenge of the future. Sustainable cities is the need of the hour. This is useful for the Environmental Studies students of Grade X ICSE.
Integration leads to deep learning. Education should be contextulaised. the third pillar of education - Education of living together is essential is today's world. Teach empathy, create a community of learners, empower them Make judicious use of technology
Learning Math at Pawar Public School Pre-primary section, Kandivali, MumbaiPramila Kudva
Math curriculum is based on building conceptual clarity through hands on experience. Moving from concrete experiences using pictures, objects and the like. Moving at own own pace, providing authentic, experiences.
Collaborative skills is the buzz word today. Studetns learn better when they learn collboratively. they remember better. Teacher should be a mentor, facilitator. The 21st century skills are inherent in us. Learn more about these skills in my book From Chalk to Talk The Art of Teaching which is available on Flip Kart and Amazon.
Co-relation is an Integrated learning process. Helps in building holistic learning, Long lasting, teaching cannot be done in isolation. It is more meaningful and concrete.
Excellent collaborative technique for teaching Cause -effect relationships. Leads to better conceptual understanding . interactive technique can be based on research.
Mind map is not a concept map, The ppt explains the characteristics, usefullness and guidelines for making mind maps. Mind map was invented bny Tonhy Buzan. He was influenced by the ideas put forward by Joseph Novak's concept mapping.
Dr. Pramila Kudva is a PhD in Education from Mumbai University. She has worked at the school level and also as a teacher educator. She is currently workjing as a principal of a reputed ICSE school in Mumbai.
Adviocated by Pestalozzi and Francis Bacon. This is ideal for teaching concepts with rules. - Ideal for teaching of Grammar, Science and Mathematics. The presentation deals with the rules of the technique. Presents a demo in English Language and provides additional examples. It compares both the techniques and presents the points in a tabular form.
Dr. Kudva is a PhD in Education and is currently working as a principal of a rfeputed ICSE School. She has several publications to her credit and has recently published a book entitled From Chalk to Talk The Art of Teaching. She has worked at the school level and also as a teacher educator.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
3. Clemens Peter
Freiherr von Pirquet
an Austrian scientist
and paediatrician
best known for his
contributions to the
fields of bacteriology
and immunology-
useful in studying
allergy
5. Sudden feeling of weakness and fainting
difficulty in breathing, asthma
Swelling of the tongue, throat, lips
Abnormal swelling of ears, tongue, eyelid
or any other parts of the body
Pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting
Difficulty in swallowing or speaking
Symptoms of allergic reaction contd…
1
2
3
4
5
6
6. What are the allergic symptoms?
Think – Pair – Share Technique
7. Sometimes the allergic condition becomes serious and life threatening.
It is called anaphylaxis
This condition is fatal and requires immediate medical condition.
The person suffering is said to be in a state of Anaphylactic shock.
8. Allergens
• The substances that trigger the allergic
reaction are called allergens
• Common examples of allergens are Dust,
pollen grains, mites ,sunlight, some food
items
10. Mouth Allergy
Symptoms : Itching or swelling of parts of the
mouth, tongue, lips, throat and pharynx , Swelling
of the tongue, throat, lips.
Nasal Allergy
Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, runny nose
and nose congestion
Skin Allergy
Symptoms: Rashes, severe itching, bumps redness
and blisters
01
02
03
Entry route of allergens
11. Common
Allergic
Reactions
• Hay Fever
• Cause: reaction to pollen .
It is common when flowers
are in bloom
Symptoms:
• Nose-Lining of the nasal
cavity- sensitive and
inflamed, produce large
amount of mucus, runny
nose and sneezing
• Eyes- itchy, sore and weepy
13. Types of allergies
OSeasonal OPerennial
OAllergies that
occur regularly
during particular
season are called
seasonal allergies.
OPollen grain,
released of
moulds.
OAllergies that are not
caused due to
seasonal factors and
may occur
throughout the year
are called perennial
allergies.
OFood allergy, dust
allergy.
14. Questions
• What are allergens?
• Name the 3 entry routes for
allergens.
• What is the symptom of mouth
allergy?
• What is the symptom of nasal
allergy?
• What is the symptom of skin allergy?
• What causes Hay fever? What are the
symptoms?
• What is asthma? What is the
treatment?
Think-Pair-Share
15. Food
Allergy
Non-food
Allergy
Dairy products
Nuts
Over ripe fruits
Eggs
Gluten based items*
Wheat based food. –
chapati, pasta, noodles,
Rava
Sea food
Dust
Pollen
Insect bites – bees, wasps,
ants
Some medicines, perfumes
Cigarette smoke
Bird feather , cat or dog fur
16. • Which are the 2 categories
into which allergens are
classified?
• Name one point of
difference between Food
and non-food allergy.
• Name the common food
allergens
• Name the common non-
food allergens
• Distinguish between
seasonal and perennial
allergy.
Think-Pair-share
17. Precautions - Food allergy
ORead the food label
carefully every time
OWhen you go to the
dine or eat out
remember to check
what it contains
before eating.
18. Precautions - Insect allergy
OWear full sleeved cloths, close shoes,
insect repellent when travelling outdoor.
19. Precautions - Medicine allergies
OLearn the names of the medicine that your
allergic to.
OKeep your school and caretaker informed.
OKeep a medical chart and remind the
doctor before any treatment.
20. Think-Pair -Share
• List out the precautions
that you should take for
food, insect and medicinal
allergies.
21. Seasonal allergies
OThe weather report in newspaper and
news channel gives idea of the pollen
and mould [fungus] discharge.
OKeep windows and doors shut at home
and also while travelling.
OTake shower and change cloths when
you come home.
ODo not hesitate to wear a filter or a
mask to cover your nose and mouth
22. Preventive measures
OCan be controlled by avoiding the allergen.
ORecognize symptoms and make a note of
what triggered the allergic reaction.
OIntense anaphylactic reactions - ask your
parent to give written emergency plan.
OEducate your friends, school and other who
will be with you about your allergies.
ODoctors specialized in allergy should be consulted
23. Think-Pair -Share
What are the preventive
measures that one can take to
protect from allergy attacks?
• What are the preventive
measures to protect
yourself from seasonal
allergies?
26. When is the blood test done?
• Cannot tolerate the many needle scratches
required for skin testing
• Have an unstable heart condition
• Have poorly controlled asthma
• Have severe skin problems
• Might have an extreme reaction during skin
testing called anaphylaxis – Needs medical
treatment right away.
27. Across
1. A shock This condition is
fatal
3. Occurs during a
particular time of the year
6. Foreign substance
causing an abnormal
immune response
7. Microscopic bugs which
feed on human skin
Down
2. Occurs throughout the
year
4. Sensitivity to some
elements or substances
5. Life threatening reaction
Solve the crossword
28. Dr. Pramila Kudva is a PhD
in Education from
Mumbai University. She
has over three decades of
experience as a teacher,
teacher educator.
Currently she is working
as a principal of an ICSE
school in Mumbai. She has
several academic
publications to her credit.
This book covers several
theories, techniques and
classroom management
aspects with innumerable
examples. A must for the
school library.E-mail: Pramilakudva2016@gmail.com