The document is a solution manual for NCERT Physics Class 12 that contains solutions to problems from 15 chapters of Class 12 NCERT Physics textbook. It includes chapter-wise solutions to Electric Charges and Fields, Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, Current Electricity, Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Wave Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, Atoms, Nuclei, Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices and Simple Circuits, and Communication Systems. The solutions provided are intended to help students understand and learn from the NCERT textbook.

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Contents
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 1 – Electric Charges and Fields...................................2
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 – Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance.............33
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 3 – Current Electricity...............................................62
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism........................89
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter ....................................117
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 6 – Electromagnetic Induction...............................140
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 7 – Alternating Current ..........................................160
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves....................................190
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 9 - Ray Optics And Optical Instruments .................205
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 10 – Wave Optics ...................................................259
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 11 – Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter ...........277
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 12 – Atoms .............................................................321
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 13 – Nuclei..............................................................341
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 14 – Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices
And Simple Circuits .............................................................................................................................378
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 15 – Communication Systems...............................393

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 1 – Electric Charges
and Fields

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 – Electrostatic
Potential and Capacitance

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 3 – Current Electricity

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 4 – Moving Charges
and Magnetism

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 5 – Magnetism and
Matter
Question 5.1:
Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism:
(a) A vector needs three quantities for its specification. Name the three independent quantities
conventionally used to specify the earth’s magnetic field.
(b) The angle of dip at a location in southern India is about 18º. Would you expect a greater or smaller
dip angle in Britain?
(c) If you made a map of magnetic field lines at Melbourne in Australia, would the lines seem to go
into the ground or come out of the ground?
(d) In which direction would a compass free to move in the vertical plane point to, if located right on
the geomagnetic north or south pole?
(e) The earth’s field, it is claimed, roughly approximates the field due to a dipole of magnetic moment
8 × 1022 J T−1 located at its centre. Check the order of magnitude of this number in some way.
(f ) Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic N-S poles, there are several local poles on the
earth’s surface oriented in different directions. How is such a thing possible at all?
Answer
(a) The three independent quantities conventionally used for specifying earth’s magnetic field are:
(i) Magnetic declination,
(ii) Angle of dip, and
(iii) Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
(b)The angle of dip at a point depends on how far the point is located with respect to the North Pole or
the South Pole. The angle of dip would be greater in Britain (it is about 70°) than in southern India
because the location of Britain on the globe is closer to the magnetic North Pole.
(c)It is hypothetically considered that a huge bar magnet is dipped inside earth with its north pole near
the geographic South Pole and its south pole near the geographic North Pole.
Magnetic field lines emanate from a magnetic north pole and terminate at a magnetic south pole.
Hence, in a map depicting earth’s magnetic field lines, the field lines at Melbourne, Australia would
seem to come out of the ground.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 6 – Electromagnetic
Induction

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Read as 2 PI B0 a2
Lambda
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 7 – Alternating
Current

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic
Waves
Question 8.1:
Figure 8.6 shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and
separated by 5.0 cm. The capacitor is being charged by an external source (not
shown in the figure). The charging current is constant and equal to 0.15 A.
(a) Calculate the capacitance and the rate of charge of potential difference
between the plates.
(b) Obtain the displacement current across the plates.
(c) Is Kirchhoff’s first rule (junction rule) valid at each plate of the
capacitor? Explain.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 9 - Ray Optics And
Optical Instruments

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Question 9.1: A small candle, 2.5 cm in size is placed at
27 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 36 cm. At what
distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp
image? Describe the nature and size of the image.<BR>If the candle is moved
closer to the mirror, how would the screen have to be
moved?
Answer Size of the candle, h = 2.5 cm Image size = h’ Object distance, u = -27 cm Radius of curvature
of the concave mirror, R = -36 cm

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 10 – Wave Optics
Question 10.1:
Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water surface.
What are the wavelength, frequency and speed of (a) reflected, and (b) refracted
light? Refractive index of water is 1.33.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 11 – Dual Nature Of
Radiation And Matter
Question 11.1:
Find the
(a) maximum frequency, and
(b) minimum wavelength of X-rays produced by 30 kV electrons.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 12 – Atoms
Question 12.1: Choose the correct alternative from the
clues given at the end of the each statement: (a) The size of the atom in
Thomson’s model is ………. the atomic size in Rutherford’s model. (much greater
than/no different from/much less than.) (b) In the ground state of ……….
electrons are in stable equilibrium, while in ………. electrons always experience a
net force. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.) (c) A classical atom based
on ………. is doomed to collapse. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.) (d) An
atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution in a ………. but has a highly
nonuniform mass distribution in ………. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s
model.) (e) The positively charged part of the atom possesses most of the
mass in ………. (Rutherford’s model/both the
models.)
(a) The sizes of the atoms taken in
Thomson’s model and Rutherford’s model have the same order of magnitude. (b)
In the ground state of Thomson’s model, the electrons are in stable equilibrium.
However, in Rutherford’s model, the electrons always experience a net force.
(c) A classical atom based on Rutherford’s model is doomed to collapse. (d)
An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution in Thomson’s model, but has a
highly non-uniform mass distribution in Rutherford’s model. (e) The
positively charged part of the atom possesses most of the mass in both the
models

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 13 – Nuclei

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 14 – Semiconductor
Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuits
Question 14.1:
In an n-type silicon, which of the following statement is true:
(a) Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.
(b) Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.
(c) Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.
(d) Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.
Answer
The correct statement is (c).
In an n-type silicon, the electrons are the majority carriers, while the holes are
the minority carriers. An n-type semiconductor is obtained when pentavalent atoms,
such as phosphorus, are doped in silicon atoms.
Question 14.2:
Which of the statements given in Exercise 14.1 is true for p-type semiconductors.
Answer

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The correct statement is (d).
In a p-type semiconductor, the holes are the majority carriers, while the
electrons are the minority carriers. A p-type semiconductor is obtained when
trivalent atoms, such as aluminium, are doped in silicon atoms.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Physics Chapter 15 – Communication
Systems
Question 15.1:
Which of the following frequencies will be suitable for beyond-the-horizon communication
using sky waves?
(a) 10 kHz
(b) 10 MHz
(c) 1 GHz
(d) 1000 GHz
Answer
(b) Answer:
10 MHz
For beyond-the-horizon communication, it is necessary for the signal waves to travel a large distance.
10 KHz signals cannot be radiated efficiently because of the antenna size.
The high energy signal waves (1GHz − 1000 GHz) penetrate the ionosphere. 10 MHz frequencies get
reflected easily from the ionosphere. Hence, signal waves of such frequencies are suitable for beyond-
the-horizon communication.

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Question 15.2:
Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means of:
(a) Ground waves.
(b) Sky waves.
(c) Surface waves.
(d) Space waves.
Answer
(d) Answer:
Space waves
Owing to its high frequency, an ultra high frequency (UHF) wave can neither travel along the
trajectory of the ground nor can it get reflected by the ionosphere. The signals having UHF
are propagated through line-of-sight communication, which is nothing but space wave
propagation.
Question 15.3:
Digital signals
(i) Do not provide a continuous set of values,
(ii) Represent values as discrete steps,
(iii) Can utilize binary system, and
(iv) Can utilize decimal as well as binary systems.
Which of the above statements are true?
(a) (i) and (ii) only
(b) (ii) and (iii) only
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) but not (iv)
(d) All of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Answer
(c) Answer:
A digital signal uses the binary (0 and 1) system for transferring message signals. Such a
system cannot utilise the decimal system (which corresponds to analogue signals).
Digital signals represent discontinuous values.
Question 15.4:
Is it necessary for a transmitting antenna to be at the same height as that of the receiving antenna for
line-of-sight communication? A TV transmitting antenna is 81m tall. How much service area can it
cover if the receiving antenna is at the ground level?
Answer
Line-of-sight communication means that there is no physical obstruction between the transmitter and
the receiver. In such communications it is not necessary for the transmitting and receiving antennas to
be at the same height.
Height of the given antenna, h = 81 m
Radius of earth, R = 6.4 × 10^6 m
For range, d = 2Rh, the service area of the antenna is given by the relation:
A = πd2
= π (2Rh)
= 3.14 × 2 × 6.4 × 10^6 × 81
= 3255.55 × 10^6 m^2
= 3255.55

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