Poster prepared by Tigist Tebebu, Christine Baver, Cathelijne Stoof, and Tammo Steenhuis for the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
Bulk density - Particle density - Definition - Factors affecting bulk density...agriyouthnepal
This document discusses soil density and porosity. It defines particle density as the weight per unit volume of soil solids, and bulk density as the weight per unit volume of the whole soil mass including pores. Particle density is generally higher than bulk density. Factors like texture, organic matter content, and compaction influence bulk density and porosity. Finer textured soils have lower bulk densities and higher porosities than sandy soils due to their structure. Methods to measure bulk density and porosity in soils are also presented.
The document discusses various concepts related to soil water, including:
- Saturation refers to when soil pores are 100% full of water
- Large pores drain quickly by gravity while smaller pores retain water due to capillarity and adhesion
- Field capacity is when gravity drainage stops and wilting point is when plants can no longer extract water
- Matric forces like capillarity pull water into small pores and toward the soil surface more strongly than gravity
- Not all water is under the same tension due to differences in pore size
- Characteristic curves relate soil water content to tension for a given soil type
This document discusses soil texture, which refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a soil. It defines the different classification systems used to categorize soils by particle size, such as the USDA and ISSS systems. The key points made are:
1) Soil texture influences properties like water holding capacity and nutrient retention.
2) Methods like pipette analysis are used to determine the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample.
3) The soil textural triangle diagram is used to classify soils into textural classes like loam or clay based on their sand, silt, and clay content.
This document provides an overview of key soil properties that soil scientists evaluate when characterizing soils, including: color, texture, structure, consistence, shrink-swell potential, bulk density, porosity, permeability, infiltration, drainage, available water holding capacity, reaction, cation exchange capacity, and landscape position. It discusses how each property influences other physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and describes methods used to assess properties in the field.
This document discusses soil structure, including the definition of soil structure as the arrangement of primary soil particles into aggregates called peds. Different types of soil structures are described such as granular, blocky, prismatic, and massive. Soil structure influences properties like density, porosity, permeability and strength. Good soil structure facilitates water and air movement while poor structure restricts it. Soil structure can be altered by tillage or compaction, which can break down natural aggregates. Bulk density, porosity and their relationship to particle density are also covered.
This document discusses soil bulk density, particle density, and porosity and factors that influence them. It defines each term and provides typical values. Bulk density is the weight of soil per unit volume and is affected by mineral content, organic matter, compaction, and depth. Particle density is the weight of soil solids per unit volume and is influenced by mineral and organic matter content. Porosity refers to pore space and is classified by pore size. Factors like texture, moisture, and compaction impact porosity. The relationship between bulk density, particle density, and porosity is expressed through equations calculating percent solid and pore space. An example calculation is provided.
Bulk density - Particle density - Definition - Factors affecting bulk density...agriyouthnepal
This document discusses soil density and porosity. It defines particle density as the weight per unit volume of soil solids, and bulk density as the weight per unit volume of the whole soil mass including pores. Particle density is generally higher than bulk density. Factors like texture, organic matter content, and compaction influence bulk density and porosity. Finer textured soils have lower bulk densities and higher porosities than sandy soils due to their structure. Methods to measure bulk density and porosity in soils are also presented.
The document discusses various concepts related to soil water, including:
- Saturation refers to when soil pores are 100% full of water
- Large pores drain quickly by gravity while smaller pores retain water due to capillarity and adhesion
- Field capacity is when gravity drainage stops and wilting point is when plants can no longer extract water
- Matric forces like capillarity pull water into small pores and toward the soil surface more strongly than gravity
- Not all water is under the same tension due to differences in pore size
- Characteristic curves relate soil water content to tension for a given soil type
This document discusses soil texture, which refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a soil. It defines the different classification systems used to categorize soils by particle size, such as the USDA and ISSS systems. The key points made are:
1) Soil texture influences properties like water holding capacity and nutrient retention.
2) Methods like pipette analysis are used to determine the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample.
3) The soil textural triangle diagram is used to classify soils into textural classes like loam or clay based on their sand, silt, and clay content.
This document provides an overview of key soil properties that soil scientists evaluate when characterizing soils, including: color, texture, structure, consistence, shrink-swell potential, bulk density, porosity, permeability, infiltration, drainage, available water holding capacity, reaction, cation exchange capacity, and landscape position. It discusses how each property influences other physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and describes methods used to assess properties in the field.
This document discusses soil structure, including the definition of soil structure as the arrangement of primary soil particles into aggregates called peds. Different types of soil structures are described such as granular, blocky, prismatic, and massive. Soil structure influences properties like density, porosity, permeability and strength. Good soil structure facilitates water and air movement while poor structure restricts it. Soil structure can be altered by tillage or compaction, which can break down natural aggregates. Bulk density, porosity and their relationship to particle density are also covered.
This document discusses soil bulk density, particle density, and porosity and factors that influence them. It defines each term and provides typical values. Bulk density is the weight of soil per unit volume and is affected by mineral content, organic matter, compaction, and depth. Particle density is the weight of soil solids per unit volume and is influenced by mineral and organic matter content. Porosity refers to pore space and is classified by pore size. Factors like texture, moisture, and compaction impact porosity. The relationship between bulk density, particle density, and porosity is expressed through equations calculating percent solid and pore space. An example calculation is provided.
R 12013(ssc-411)-soil moisture constants,soil-water movement & infiltrationKritika Somya
This document discusses soil water and defines key terms related to soil moisture content and movement. It defines classifications of soil water, soil moisture constants like field capacity and wilting point, saturated and unsaturated water flow, infiltration, and factors that influence soil water movement. Diagrams show the relationship between soil moisture tension and water content. Soil water is essential for plant growth and understanding these concepts helps determine moisture levels in soil.
Classification of soil water & soil moisture characteristics curveSHIVAJI SURYAVANSHI
Water in soil can be classified into three types based on how tightly it is held:
1) Capillary water held by surface tension in small pores.
2) Gravitational water that drains freely under gravity.
3) Hygroscopic water tightly bound to soil particles.
Soil water content is measured using concepts like field capacity, wilting point, and moisture tension. Water moves through soil via saturated, unsaturated, or vapor flow depending on soil moisture levels. Infiltration rate depends on soil properties and moisture conditions.
Soils and rocks have unique and distinct engineering properties.
Engineering properties of soils and rocks are very essential parameters to be analysed for several technical reasons.
Properties of these materials may not only pose problems but also give solutions to solve the problems.
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses various physical properties of soil, including mass or weight, volume, pores, surface area, texture, structure, color, and bulk density. It defines key terms like texture, pores, surface area, and provides classifications for soil structure and texture. Texture is defined as the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay in a soil. Structure refers to the arrangement of primary soil particles into aggregates. The document also examines factors that influence these physical properties.
The document summarizes engineering properties of soil through a seminar presentation. It discusses various physical and chemical properties of soil including grain size, shape of particles, clay mineral groups, density, specific gravity, consistency limits, shrinkage and swell potential, thixotropy, and shear strength. It outlines methods to determine these properties through in-situ testing and laboratory experiments. The presentation concludes by listing references used in the study of soil mechanics.
Soil profile and soil physical properties anand correctedDrAnandJadhav
This document provides information about soil profiles and soil horizons:
- A soil profile is a vertical section through the soil and its horizons extending into the parent material. Soil morphology is the study of horizons in a soil profile including their sequence, depth, and properties.
- The five main soil horizons designated as O, A, E, B, and C or R. The O horizon is at the top and contains organic matter. The A horizon below contains decomposed organic matter and is where plants grow. The E horizon below leaches minerals. The B horizon below accumulates clay and minerals. The C horizon is the parent material and the R horizon is bedrock.
- Soil
This document discusses soil structure, including its definition, significance, formation, classification, and factors affecting it. Soil structure refers to the arrangement and grouping of individual soil particles. It is significant as it influences properties like water movement, aeration, and porosity. Soil structure is formed through the binding and cementing of primary particles into aggregates or secondary particles. Aggregates are classified based on their type (shape), class (size), and grade (distinctness). Factors like climate, organic matter, and tillage influence the development of soil structure.
This document discusses key soil properties that soil scientists evaluate including color, texture, structure, consistency, shrink-swell potential, bulk density, porosity, permeability, infiltration, drainage, depth, available water holding capacity, reaction, and cation exchange capacity. It provides descriptions and examples of each property and why they are important indicators of a soil's characteristics and suitability for various land uses.
ACCRETIONARY PRISM MODEL OF DOLOMITIZATION?Omar Radwan
The document outlines a proposed new model for dolomitization involving accretionary prism settings. It discusses existing dolomitization models and the characteristics of accretionary prisms. It presents evidence from the Peru and Barbados accretionary margins that dolomite occurs in association with fluid expulsion along faults in accretionary wedges. The author hypothesizes that dolomitization can result from fluid flow driven by tectonic processes in accretionary prisms, providing alkaline, magnesium-rich fluids ideal for dolomitization. The model suggests accretionary prism settings could predict new geological environments for dolomitization.
This document discusses key features found in marine sedimentary rocks and structures. It describes 10 primary features including ripple marks, cross bedding, mud cracks, graded bedding, worm tracks, leaf prints, rip ups, rain prints, volcanic clasts, and sole marks. Each feature is defined and examples are provided. The document also discusses the importance of field studies for examining geological features and interpreting the depositional environment.
IRJET- Geotechnical Evaluation of Soils Found in Konso TownIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the geotechnical evaluation of soils found in Konso town, Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from 8 locations at different depths and tested in the laboratory to determine their engineering properties. The study found that moisture content, density, and specific gravity increased with depth while liquid limit and plastic limit decreased with depth. Unconfined compression strength ranged from 245 to 332 kN/m2. Shear strength parameters of cohesion and internal friction ranged from 160 to 191.34 kN/m2 and 10 to 12 degrees, respectively. Clay fraction content varied from 33 to 50.7% based on grain size distribution analysis. The soils properties were influenced by weathering factors like parent rock
Formation of lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolites Omar Radwan
This study investigated the formation of lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolites in the Bahamas through biogeochemical and microbial analyses. The research found that cyanobacterial photosynthesis, sulfate reduction by bacteria, and anaerobic sulfide oxidation cause calcium carbonate precipitation and formation of lithified layers, while aerobic respiration and aerobic sulfide oxidation cause calcium carbonate dissolution. Specifically, layers with the highest biomass and rates of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation correlated with lithified micritic horizons in the stromatolites. The study concludes that sulfur cycling driven by these microbial processes is responsible for lamination and early lithification in the Bahamian stromatolites.
This document discusses sedimentary structures classified into physical and bio-genic structures. Physical structures are formed by physical processes without organisms and include primary structures like plane bedding, ripples and dunes formed by currents. Bio-genic structures result from bioturbation by organisms altering sediments. Sedimentary structures record depositional processes and can indicate paleocurrents, paleoslopes and paleogeography. They are important for interpreting geological history, sedimentary processes and finding petroleum resources.
This document provides an overview of geotechnical engineering and soils. It discusses the origin of soils through weathering of rocks, including physical and chemical weathering processes. It describes different types of soils based on their mode of deposition, such as alluvial, lacustrine, marine, aeolian, and colluvial soils. It also discusses major soil types found in India like black cotton soils, marine soils, and desert soils; and their key engineering properties. The document provides useful background information on soil formation and classification for geotechnical engineering applications.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
This document summarizes research on the liquefaction of fine-grained soils. It establishes that fine-grained soils like silts and clays can liquefy under certain conditions. The liquefaction potential of silts changes with plasticity index. There are still anomalies in understanding the effect of fines on liquefaction that require further research, such as the impact of neglecting fines below 5% and the effect of void ratio on soils with low plasticity fines. More experimental studies are needed to clarify these issues.
Poster prepared by Menelik Getaneh and Amare Tsigae for the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
The document summarizes the experiences of innovation platforms established through the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) project in Ethiopia. The NBDC aimed to improve rural livelihoods through rainwater management. It established innovation platforms at the woreda level in three sites to identify issues, develop solutions, and implement pilot interventions through an action research fund. Key outcomes included increased fodder production, income generation from fodder sales, and expanded collaboration between stakeholders. Challenges included inconsistent participation, lack of local facilitation, and high expectations beyond available resources. Lessons indicated the importance of incentives for participation, engagement of local communities, and building capacity of local actors.
R 12013(ssc-411)-soil moisture constants,soil-water movement & infiltrationKritika Somya
This document discusses soil water and defines key terms related to soil moisture content and movement. It defines classifications of soil water, soil moisture constants like field capacity and wilting point, saturated and unsaturated water flow, infiltration, and factors that influence soil water movement. Diagrams show the relationship between soil moisture tension and water content. Soil water is essential for plant growth and understanding these concepts helps determine moisture levels in soil.
Classification of soil water & soil moisture characteristics curveSHIVAJI SURYAVANSHI
Water in soil can be classified into three types based on how tightly it is held:
1) Capillary water held by surface tension in small pores.
2) Gravitational water that drains freely under gravity.
3) Hygroscopic water tightly bound to soil particles.
Soil water content is measured using concepts like field capacity, wilting point, and moisture tension. Water moves through soil via saturated, unsaturated, or vapor flow depending on soil moisture levels. Infiltration rate depends on soil properties and moisture conditions.
Soils and rocks have unique and distinct engineering properties.
Engineering properties of soils and rocks are very essential parameters to be analysed for several technical reasons.
Properties of these materials may not only pose problems but also give solutions to solve the problems.
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses various physical properties of soil, including mass or weight, volume, pores, surface area, texture, structure, color, and bulk density. It defines key terms like texture, pores, surface area, and provides classifications for soil structure and texture. Texture is defined as the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay in a soil. Structure refers to the arrangement of primary soil particles into aggregates. The document also examines factors that influence these physical properties.
The document summarizes engineering properties of soil through a seminar presentation. It discusses various physical and chemical properties of soil including grain size, shape of particles, clay mineral groups, density, specific gravity, consistency limits, shrinkage and swell potential, thixotropy, and shear strength. It outlines methods to determine these properties through in-situ testing and laboratory experiments. The presentation concludes by listing references used in the study of soil mechanics.
Soil profile and soil physical properties anand correctedDrAnandJadhav
This document provides information about soil profiles and soil horizons:
- A soil profile is a vertical section through the soil and its horizons extending into the parent material. Soil morphology is the study of horizons in a soil profile including their sequence, depth, and properties.
- The five main soil horizons designated as O, A, E, B, and C or R. The O horizon is at the top and contains organic matter. The A horizon below contains decomposed organic matter and is where plants grow. The E horizon below leaches minerals. The B horizon below accumulates clay and minerals. The C horizon is the parent material and the R horizon is bedrock.
- Soil
This document discusses soil structure, including its definition, significance, formation, classification, and factors affecting it. Soil structure refers to the arrangement and grouping of individual soil particles. It is significant as it influences properties like water movement, aeration, and porosity. Soil structure is formed through the binding and cementing of primary particles into aggregates or secondary particles. Aggregates are classified based on their type (shape), class (size), and grade (distinctness). Factors like climate, organic matter, and tillage influence the development of soil structure.
This document discusses key soil properties that soil scientists evaluate including color, texture, structure, consistency, shrink-swell potential, bulk density, porosity, permeability, infiltration, drainage, depth, available water holding capacity, reaction, and cation exchange capacity. It provides descriptions and examples of each property and why they are important indicators of a soil's characteristics and suitability for various land uses.
ACCRETIONARY PRISM MODEL OF DOLOMITIZATION?Omar Radwan
The document outlines a proposed new model for dolomitization involving accretionary prism settings. It discusses existing dolomitization models and the characteristics of accretionary prisms. It presents evidence from the Peru and Barbados accretionary margins that dolomite occurs in association with fluid expulsion along faults in accretionary wedges. The author hypothesizes that dolomitization can result from fluid flow driven by tectonic processes in accretionary prisms, providing alkaline, magnesium-rich fluids ideal for dolomitization. The model suggests accretionary prism settings could predict new geological environments for dolomitization.
This document discusses key features found in marine sedimentary rocks and structures. It describes 10 primary features including ripple marks, cross bedding, mud cracks, graded bedding, worm tracks, leaf prints, rip ups, rain prints, volcanic clasts, and sole marks. Each feature is defined and examples are provided. The document also discusses the importance of field studies for examining geological features and interpreting the depositional environment.
IRJET- Geotechnical Evaluation of Soils Found in Konso TownIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the geotechnical evaluation of soils found in Konso town, Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from 8 locations at different depths and tested in the laboratory to determine their engineering properties. The study found that moisture content, density, and specific gravity increased with depth while liquid limit and plastic limit decreased with depth. Unconfined compression strength ranged from 245 to 332 kN/m2. Shear strength parameters of cohesion and internal friction ranged from 160 to 191.34 kN/m2 and 10 to 12 degrees, respectively. Clay fraction content varied from 33 to 50.7% based on grain size distribution analysis. The soils properties were influenced by weathering factors like parent rock
Formation of lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolites Omar Radwan
This study investigated the formation of lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolites in the Bahamas through biogeochemical and microbial analyses. The research found that cyanobacterial photosynthesis, sulfate reduction by bacteria, and anaerobic sulfide oxidation cause calcium carbonate precipitation and formation of lithified layers, while aerobic respiration and aerobic sulfide oxidation cause calcium carbonate dissolution. Specifically, layers with the highest biomass and rates of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation correlated with lithified micritic horizons in the stromatolites. The study concludes that sulfur cycling driven by these microbial processes is responsible for lamination and early lithification in the Bahamian stromatolites.
This document discusses sedimentary structures classified into physical and bio-genic structures. Physical structures are formed by physical processes without organisms and include primary structures like plane bedding, ripples and dunes formed by currents. Bio-genic structures result from bioturbation by organisms altering sediments. Sedimentary structures record depositional processes and can indicate paleocurrents, paleoslopes and paleogeography. They are important for interpreting geological history, sedimentary processes and finding petroleum resources.
This document provides an overview of geotechnical engineering and soils. It discusses the origin of soils through weathering of rocks, including physical and chemical weathering processes. It describes different types of soils based on their mode of deposition, such as alluvial, lacustrine, marine, aeolian, and colluvial soils. It also discusses major soil types found in India like black cotton soils, marine soils, and desert soils; and their key engineering properties. The document provides useful background information on soil formation and classification for geotechnical engineering applications.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
This document summarizes research on the liquefaction of fine-grained soils. It establishes that fine-grained soils like silts and clays can liquefy under certain conditions. The liquefaction potential of silts changes with plasticity index. There are still anomalies in understanding the effect of fines on liquefaction that require further research, such as the impact of neglecting fines below 5% and the effect of void ratio on soils with low plasticity fines. More experimental studies are needed to clarify these issues.
Poster prepared by Menelik Getaneh and Amare Tsigae for the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
The document summarizes the experiences of innovation platforms established through the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) project in Ethiopia. The NBDC aimed to improve rural livelihoods through rainwater management. It established innovation platforms at the woreda level in three sites to identify issues, develop solutions, and implement pilot interventions through an action research fund. Key outcomes included increased fodder production, income generation from fodder sales, and expanded collaboration between stakeholders. Challenges included inconsistent participation, lack of local facilitation, and high expectations beyond available resources. Lessons indicated the importance of incentives for participation, engagement of local communities, and building capacity of local actors.
This document summarizes Beth Cullen's work using participatory approaches to natural resource management in Ethiopia. She has facilitated innovation platforms bringing together stakeholders to jointly address issues. One project used participatory video to understand community priorities around restricted grazing, leading to small-scale fodder interventions. Serious games like WAT-A-GAME were also used to build stakeholder capacity and develop collective strategies. While increasing understanding, wider change may require continued work at different scales through nested innovation platforms. Future efforts include piloting interventions from developed concepts and assessing impact of participatory processes.
NBDC researchers experimented with various approaches to tackle natural resource management issues in Ethiopia, with mixed results. These approaches helped stakeholders critically discuss resource use, understand different social needs and priorities, and explore alternative strategies. Challenges that emerged included a lack of common understanding between platform members leading to competing agendas, more powerful actors dominating community representation, and questions around who should facilitate addressing power dynamics - internal or external actors. Platforms aimed to improve planning, implementation, and coordination of NRM strategies through joint problem identification, improved stakeholder communication and linkages, and community participation in co-designing interventions. Lessons learned were that participatory methods can help address issues of representation and power, but meaningful change requires long
Presented by Beth Cullen, Josephine Tucker, Katherine Snyder, Zelalem Lema, Alan Duncan at the New Models of Innovation for Development, University of Manchester, 4th July 2013
This document analyzes water investment opportunities in the Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia. It divides the basin into six Water Investment Domains based on soil moisture levels (no limitations, sufficient, or limited) and market access (close or remote). Close domains with no moisture limitations and sufficient moisture have the highest agricultural potential and population densities. The document recommends targeted rainwater management interventions to optimize crop growth and livestock resilience based on the soil moisture level and system in each domain.
The document discusses frameworks for examining complexity and benefit sharing in transboundary water management. It outlines two research projects that used innovative approaches to increase social resilience and reduce conflicts around water issues. The first project used multi-stakeholder platforms and legal mechanisms in Colombia to facilitate collective action across economic and ecological scales. The second used companion modeling and role-playing games to promote collaborative water management and address power asymmetries between stakeholders. Both projects achieved increased trust, innovative solutions, and better outcomes by building human and social capital through participatory and scientifically informed dialogue.
CPWF Program Director , Dr Alain Vidal, shows how interdisciplinary research supports the productivity and resilience of social and ecological systems of the world's poorest communities. Specifically how Multiple water uses (MUS), techniques and sources, and its resulting community organization, increase resilience in poor agricultural areas. The ability to adapt and mitigate change - such as economic or climatic change - enables people a better chance to climb out of poverty.
Dr Vidal says the green-to-blue water continuum in water-for-food management for agriculture contributes to this resilience, and should not be overlooked by institutions and groups managing water.
The project aims to develop storylines based on farmer narratives and research to identify interventions that enhance livelihoods. Field visits were conducted and dynamics among communities were identified. Upcoming visits will provide more narratives to inform the analysis. The conceptual framework uses drivers and determinants to develop storylines and scenarios, which are then assessed for vulnerability and resilience to identify viable interventions. Completing site visits, linking resilience to storylines, and taking an integrated top-down and bottom-up approach are next steps.
This document summarizes a meeting to discuss management of rainwater and small reservoirs for multiple uses in Boura, Burkina Faso. Surveys were conducted to diagnose uses and users, including farmers organized into formal groups, livestock herders, fishermen, and domestic users. The surveys identified four main user groups and characterized the typology of each. Challenges for farmer groups were discussed. Pilot activities on rice production using improved varieties were outlined. Participatory modeling of agricultural activities and water uses was demonstrated using the ZonAgri model.
1. The study models erosion in the Mizewa watershed in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia using the SWAT model. Erosion rates were high, with average annual soil loss of 40.91 tons/ha.
2. Calibration and validation of the SWAT model showed good performance with R2 and NSE values over 0.5 and fair agreement between observed and simulated results.
3. The highest erosion occurred in July and August due to high rainfall. Surface runoff accounted for 24% of rainfall and was the main driver of erosion in the watershed.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
(http://www.accessscience.com.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/)
Hide
Application of microbiology in geotechnical
engineering
Article by:
Chu, Jian Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Ivanov, Volodymyr School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
He, Jia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Last updated: 2013
DOI: https://doiorg.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1036/10978542.YB130098 (https://doiorg.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/10.1036/1097
8542.YB130098)
Content
Enhancing shear strength of sand or to make a strong ground
Mitigation of soil liquefaction during earthquakes by using biogas
Seepage and erosion control or construction of a water pond in a desert
Outlook
Links to Primary Literature
Have you ever wondered how a highrise building can be constructed on soft ground? The answer is that the soft soil can
be improved before the construction of the highrise building. In fact, bacteria, can be used to improve the engineering
properties of soil. In this article, the application of this microbial approach to geotechnical engineering, a discipline that
deals with soils and foundations, is discussed.
There are a number of ways to strengthen soft or weak soil. One of the common ones is to use cement or chemicals to
increase the loadbearing capacity or the socalled shear strength of the soil. The same process can be used to reduce the
water conductivity of soil or the rate of water flow in soil. This is necessary when there is a need to prevent water from
flowing in the ground, for example, to cut off the flow of contaminated groundwater. In this case, cement or chemicals are
used as binders and mixed with soil to either increase the shear strength or reduce the water conductivity of the soil.
However, the use of cement or chemicals for soil improvement is not sustainable in the long run, because cement and
chemical production require a considerable amount of natural resource (for example, limestone) and energy. The
production process also generates carbon dioxide, dust, and possibly other toxic substances and thus is not
environmentally friendly. The use of cement or chemicals for soil improvement is also expensive and timeconsuming.
There is an urgent need to develop new and sustainable construction materials that can reduce the need to use cement or
chemicals for geotechnical applications.
Using the latest microbial biotechnology, a new type of construction material, called biocement, has been developed as an
alternative to cement or chemicals. Biocement is made by naturally occurring microorganisms at ambient temperature and
thus requires much less energy to produce. It is sustainable, because microorganisms are abundant in nature and can be
reproduced easily at low cost. The microorganisms that are suitable for making biocement are nonpathogenic and
environmentally .
Sustained wet–dry cycling on early MarsSérgio Sacani
The presence of perennially wet surface environments on early Mars is well documented1,2, but little is known about short-term episodicity in the early hydroclimate3. Post-depositional processes driven by such short-term fluctuations may produce distinct structures, yet these are rarely preserved in the sedimentary record4. Incomplete geological constraints have led global models of the early Mars water cycle and climate to produce diverging results5,6. Here we report observations by the Curiosity rover at Gale Crater indicating that high-frequency wet–dry cycling occurred in early Martian surface environments. We observe exhumed centimetric polygonal ridges with sulfate enrichments, joined at Y-junctions, that record cracks formed in fresh mud owing to repeated wet–dry cycles of regular intensity. Instead of sporadic hydrological activity induced by impacts or volcanoes5, our findings point to a sustained, cyclic, possibly seasonal, climate on early Mars. Furthermore, as wet–dry cycling can promote prebiotic polymerization7,8, the Gale evaporitic basin may have been particularly conducive to these processes. The observed polygonal patterns are physically and temporally associated with the transition from smectite clays to sulfate-bearing strata, a globally distributed mineral transition1. This indicates that the Noachian–Hesperian transition (3.8–3.6 billion years ago) may have sustained an Earth-like climate regime and surface environments favourable to prebiotic evolution.
This document provides an overview of soil-plant-water relationships and irrigation water management. It discusses key topics like soil properties that influence water retention and movement, including texture, structure, and density. It describes the different types of water movement in soil like infiltration, percolation, and saturated vs. unsaturated flow. The relationships between soil water tension, moisture content, and pF curves are also summarized. The document aims to explain the important concepts needed to effectively plan and manage irrigation systems.
This document summarizes a study on water and cation movement in an Indonesian Ultisol. The study characterized the soil's hydraulic properties and internal drainage, finding that nearly 94% of applied water drained below 112.5 cm depth within 6 hours. Macropores accounted for 26-40% of topsoil porosity and facilitated this drainage. A field experiment examined cation levels and movement over 2 years under different fertilization and residue removal treatments. Results showed 1% of applied K, 5% of applied Ca, and 24% of applied Mg accumulated in the 30-90 cm depth, while 33% of applied K, 26% of applied Ca, and 8% of applied Mg were unaccounted for and likely leached below
Stormwater Runoff Treatment and Infiltration via Silica-Sand based Pervious P...civejjour
Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a roadway in Beijing and were analysed for turbidity, pH,
TSS, TDS, COD, TP, TN, as well as metals Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, Cd, and Mn. The results showed that runoff
pollutant concentrations were relatively high. TSS, Zn, Fe, and Al concentrations exceeded the benchmark
values set by USEPA, indicating a high level of concern about impairing receiving water quality and the
need for pollution prevention measures. Also, most pollutant concentrations exceeded the those in
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study. The collected runoff samples were treated through two
bench-scale facilities composed of sand-based pervious bricks, subbase materials, and two types of
500mm-thick subsoils. The infiltration capacity of the brick is above 0.025 cm/s, and good water retention
and recharge properties was achieved with the help of subbase and subsoils. On the other hand, the
average removal of TSS, TP, and TN reached 81.8%, 64.1%, and 64.4%, respectively. The average
removal rates of Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%. The sand-based pervious brick is
featured with micron-level pores. The paver system significantly reduced stormwater runoff pollutant
concentrations and good removal rates were acheived comparing to many pervious pavers with larger
pores.
Stormwater Runoff Treatment and Infiltration via Silica-Sand based Pervious P...civejjour
Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a roadway in Beijing and were analysed for turbidity, pH,
TSS, TDS, COD, TP, TN, as well as metals Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, Cd, and Mn. The results showed that runoff
pollutant concentrations were relatively high. TSS, Zn, Fe, and Al concentrations exceeded the benchmark
values set by USEPA, indicating a high level of concern about impairing receiving water quality and the
need for pollution prevention measures. Also, most pollutant concentrations exceeded the those in
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study. The collected runoff samples were treated through two
bench-scale facilities composed of sand-based pervious bricks, subbase materials, and two types of
500mm-thick subsoils. The infiltration capacity of the brick is above 0.025 cm/s, and good water retention
and recharge properties was achieved with the help of subbase and subsoils. On the other hand, the
average removal of TSS, TP, and TN reached 81.8%, 64.1%, and 64.4%, respectively. The average
removal rates of Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%. The sand-based pervious brick is
featured with micron-level pores. The paver system significantly reduced stormwater runoff pollutant
concentrations and good removal rates were acheived comparing to many pervious pavers with larger
pores.
The document describes a major project presented by 7 students on assessing bearing capacity and liquefaction of shallow foundations. It includes sections on introduction, significance, factors affecting liquefaction, and consequences of liquefaction. The literature review summarizes several papers on liquefaction evaluation methods, constitutive models for simulating liquefaction in software, and effective stress approaches for predicting liquefaction behavior. The overall project aims to understand liquefaction hazards and their impact on geotechnical engineering design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
Puddling involves saturating soil and breaking up aggregates through plowing and harrowing when the soil is flooded or saturated. This process is important for rice cultivation as it controls weeds, conserves water, and makes transplanting easier. However, puddling also destroys the soil structure, reduces pore space, increases compaction, and can lead to issues like waterlogging over the long term. Puddling decreases hydraulic conductivity and permeability while increasing bulk density, moisture retention, and causing changes to the soil thermal properties. Overall, puddling improves conditions for rice growth but degrades the soil physical properties.
Vertical tube irrigation was tested on jujube trees in layered soil fields in Xinjiang, China. Field experiments found that vertical tube irrigation resulted in slightly lower jujube yields but higher water savings of 47-68% and improved irrigation water productivity compared to surface drip irrigation. Laboratory experiments on layered and homogeneous soil found that layered soil had less cumulative infiltration, a larger wetted area, slower vertical but faster horizontal wetting front migration due to layer interfaces, and increased water content at layer interfaces with vertical tube irrigation. Vertical tube irrigation in layered soil was found to retain more water in the root zone and reduce water loss, improving irrigation water productivity for jujube trees.
Los investigadores han demostrado empíricamente que la fricción deslizante en la arena se reduce en gran medida añadiendo algo de agua ―pero no demasiada―.
This document summarizes a laboratory testing program that investigated the time-dependent differential consolidation of slurry wall backfill material. Large-scale consolidation tests were performed on samples from an 11,000 m long, over 45 m deep slurry wall installed through glacial till. The results showed significant retardation of vertical stress in the backfill due to arching effects. Narrower trench widths led to greater loss of vertical effective stress. Differential consolidation around multiple aquifers crossed by the wall could increase due to the loss of vertical stress, potentially creating more permeable zones.
C Sachpazis: Soil liquefaction potential assessment for a ccgt power plant in...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Clayey silty up to silty sandy and sandy soils are generally recognized to have a significant liquefaction potential when extended submerged below water table. This phenomenon raises a major concern to the foundation and structural engineer. Low plasticity silts, silty clays and silty sands occur extensively as recent alluvial deposits in the southern coastal region of Elefsina Municipality in Attica Prefecture, Greece.
In this area, a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Plant is planned to be constructed and its foundation stability and durability reassurance is of utmost importance to structural engineers. In the study of the geotechnical ground investigation for the foundation design of the CCGT project, a number of field and laboratory tests were carried out.
For evaluating its foundation soil liquefaction potential and risk during an earthquake, some internationally accepted guidelines are available based on soil density, void ratio, plasticity index, standard penetration test values, and other simple soil properties.
The liquefaction behavior and potential of this kind of foundation soils stratified in the alluvial deposits has been studied thoroughly based on both Seed’s and Idriss’s procedure / relationships as well as Prakash’s limit state methodology, using S.P.T. results and an algorithm program / software code, that was developed and published by the author. The S.P.T. tests were executed inside the twenty investigation - sampling boreholes of a depth range from 10 up to 50 meters each one, in an 100.000 s.m. plot, where a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Plant is planned to be constructed.
According to the results of these analyses and assessments the well documented and argued necessity is deduced either for transferring the project foundation loads to underlying deeper and more competent bearing strata and layers, or for strengthening, geotechnically upgrading (ground improvement), stabilizing and cement grouting the foundation ground of the CCGT Power Plant using jet grouting piles techniques.
Finally, the exact depth range under the CCGT Power Plant foundation site that is prone and dangerous to be liquefied in the event of a strong seismic shock and vibration was determined and diagrammatically presented and the remedial measures to be taken were suggested. Hence, in this way the liquefaction risk can be mitigated or even deterred from the incompetent upper natural soil layers of the project foundation ground.
This document provides instructions for a soil science lab on soil texture, density, and porosity. It discusses determining soil texture through particle size analysis using a hydrometer based on Stokes' Law. It also covers calculating bulk density, particle density, and porosity using soil sample weights and volumes. Students are asked calculation questions to determine soil properties for different samples and identify textural classes using provided data.
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.pptAyele Akuma
This document provides an overview of the course "Soil-water-plant relationship and application in agricultural engineering projects" taught by Dr. J.K. Adewumi at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (UNAAB) in Nigeria. The course covers topics such as soil conservation principles, types and forms of soil erosion, erosion control methods, irrigation and drainage, and the universal soil loss equation. It also discusses factors that influence water and wind erosion, erosion measurement techniques, and wind erosion control methods. The course is compulsory for agriculture engineering students who must maintain minimum 75% attendance to be eligible to take the final exam.
This document summarizes a study that measured soil moisture content at two sites in Pittsburgh over three months to understand soil water dynamics and implications for green infrastructure. Sensors measured soil moisture in different layers. Soils at one site drained slower and remained wetter than the other site. Unexpected patterns like bottom-up wetting at one site suggest complex hydrologic influences like leaky infrastructure or bedrock fractures. These findings have implications for proper placement and design of green infrastructure like infiltration trenches to ensure optimal performance.
This document summarizes a study on the cyclic swelling behavior of clays. The study investigated how the expansive characteristics of clay soils change when subjected to repeated wetting and drying cycles. Six expansive clay soils from northern Jordan were tested by subjecting compacted clay specimens to multiple cycles of fully swelling when submerged in water, followed by drying back to their initial water content. The results showed that the swelling potential and swell pressure of the clays decreased with each additional cycle, with the largest reduction after the first cycle. Both properties appeared to reach an equilibrium state after 4-5 cycles. Understanding how clays behave under cyclic moisture changes can help predict damage to structures from the expansion and contraction of foundations soils.
Stabilisation of Black cotton Soils by Using Groundnut Shell AshIJSRD
Due to rapid increase in the world’s population there is increased demand for food, and this has resulted in the production of different types of crops and consequently large amounts of agricultural wastes are generated. Hence it is necessary to dispose these agricultural wastes safely on to the environment. On other hand BC soils expands and contracts due to changes in the moisture content of the soil, causing structural problems through differential movement of the structure. This isolated movement of sections of the structure can cause damage to building foundations and cracking in the exterior or interior wall covering leads to uneven floors etc. Also cause severe cracking in pavements, swimming pools, pipelines, sidewalks, highways etc. Hence there is need to stabilize expansive soil. From these discussion we should find out the solution for the above two problems. After studying several research papers it is concluded that agricultural wastes can be used effectively in stabilization of BC soils. This project presents stabilization of BC soils using groundnut shell ash since its production increased to large extent. On addition of groundnut shell ash in increment of 15% from 0to 60% to BC soils different experiments on plasticity characteristics, compaction characteristics, shear strength characteristics are conducted .And found gradual improvement in geotechnical properties of black cotton soils.
Similar to Visualizing clogging up of soil pores in the tropical degraded soils and their impact on green water productivity (20)
By Asad Sarwar Qureshi, Samina Yasmin, Nikar C. Holader, Timothy J. Krupnik
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By J. Bhattacharya, M.K. Mondal, E. Humphreys, M.H. Rashid, P.L.C. Paul, S.P. Ritu
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By M. Maniruzzaman, J.C. Bisawas, M.A.I. Khan, G.W. Sarker, S.S. Haque, J.K. Biswas, M.H. Sarker, M.A. Rashid, N.U. Sekhar, A. Nemes, S. Xenarios, J. Deelstra
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
1) The study evaluated the feasibility of growing three rice crops per year in the coastal zones of Bangladesh where fresh water is available year-round.
2) The study tested different establishment dates for aus and aman rice varieties as well as sowing dates for boro rice. It found that growing three rice crops per year is possible and can yield 13.4 to 17.2 tons per hectare per year.
3) The study recommends further evaluating the system over a range of weather conditions and developing ecologically friendly management practices to address potential increases in pests and diseases from triple rice cropping.
By M. Harunur Rashid, Faruk Hossain, Deb Kumar Nath, Parimal Chandra Sarker, AKM Ferdous, Timothy Russel
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Camelia Dewan, Marie-Charlotte Buisson and Aditi Mukherji
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
The document discusses using innovation platforms to improve goat markets and farming systems in Zimbabwe. Key points:
- Innovation platforms bring together farmers, traders, processors, researchers and others to identify challenges and opportunities to improve goat production and marketing.
- Objectives are to improve market efficiency, reduce transaction costs, promote productivity-increasing technologies, and build local innovation capacity.
- Results included dramatically reduced goat mortality rates (from 25% to under 10%), higher prices for farmers, and investments in improved feeding and health practices.
- Other actors like NGOs and the government also increased support like building sale pens and improving veterinary services. The approach transformed the system from crop-focused to more livestock-focused and
By Urs Schulthess, Timothy J. Krupnik, Zia Uddin Ahmed, Andy J. McDonald
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Parvesh Kr Chandna, Andy Nelson, Zahirul Khan, Moqbul Hossain, Sohel Rana, Fazlur Rashid, M. Mondal, T.P. Tuong
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Parvesh Kumar Chandna, Andy Nelson, Sohel Rana, Marie-Charlotte Buisson, Sam Mohanty, Nazneed Sultana, Deepak Sethi, T.P. Tuong
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Asad Sarwar Qureshi, Samina Yasmin, Nikar C. Howlader, Timothy J. Krupnik
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman (Wheat Research Centre, BARI)
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Sanjida P. Ritu, M.K. Mondal, T.P. Tuong, S.U. Talukdar, E. Humphreys
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Kazi Ahmed Kabir, S.B. Saha, Manjurul Karim, Craig A. Meisner, Michael J. Phillips
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By S.B. Saha, K.A. Kabir, M.K. Mondal, M. Karim, P.L.C. Paul, M. Phillips, E. Humphreys, T.P. Tuong
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
BRAC aims to increase agricultural and aquacultural productivity in coastal Bangladesh through several strategies. These include converting single cropping areas to double or triple cropping, introducing short-duration rice varieties, stress-tolerant crops and fish varieties, and integrating fish/prawn-rice-vegetable systems in ghers. Technologies are disseminated to over 55,000 farmers across 59 upazilas. Hybrid rice varieties yield up to 9.5 tons/hectare. Integrated ghers provide net profits from 172,558-416,975 taka/hectare. Aquaculture in floodplains involves 257 farmers utilizing 73 acres in 2013, yielding an average 795 kg/hect
By Subhra Bikash Bhattacharyya, Tapas Kumar Ghoshal, Jitendra Kumar Sundaray (Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, India)
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
More from International Water Management Institute (IWMI) (20)
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Visualizing clogging up of soil pores in the tropical degraded soils and their impact on green water productivity
1. Methods
Introduction
Restrictive soil layers commonly known
as hardpans restrict water and airflow in
the soil profile and impede plant root
growth below the plow depth (Busscher
and Bauer 2003). Preventing hardpans
to form or ameliorate existing hardpans
will allow plants root more deeply,
increase water infiltration and reduce
runoff, all resulting in greater amounts
of water available for the crop (i.e.
green water).
However, there has been a lack of
research on understanding the influence
of transported disturbed soil particles
(colloids) from the surface to the
subsurfaceto form restrictivesoil layers,
which is a common occurrence in
degraded soils.
In this study we investigated the effect
of disturbed soil particles on clogging
up of soil poresto form hardpans.
Tigist Tebebu*, ChristineBaver, CathelijneStoof, and T
ammo Steenhuis
Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University
Visualizing clogging up of soil poresin thetropical degraded soilsand their impact on green water productivity
*: Presenter, e-
mail tyt7@cornell.edu
a
Results& Discussion
Time series images in Fig 4. & a decrease in leachate
sediment concentration with time in thelight absorbance
graph in Fig 5. showed that accumulation of significant
amount of soil particles occur in between sand particles
and at air-
water interfaces, indicating theclogging of soil
pores occurs as a result of disturbed fine soil particles
transported from thesoil surfaceto thesubsurface.
FutureWork
Further infiltration measurements are in progress to determine
theeffect of moisturecontent, clay mineralogy, ionic strength,
pore structure and infiltration rate on the transport and
accumulation of clay particlesto form hardpans.
Fig. 2Apictureshowing compacted soilsin the
upper 60 cmabovethemacro porenetworksin a
soil profilein theEthiopian highlands.
Fig 3. Illustration of infiltration measurement showing
themicroscopeconnected to thecamera capturing the
vertical movement of soil solution in thecolumn. Image
adapted from(Sang, 2012).
References
1.Busscher, W. and P
. Bauer. 2003. Soil strength, cotton root growth and lint yield in a
southeastern USA coastal loamy sand. Soil and tillageresearch 74:151-
159
2.FAO. 2005. Field preparation and planting. http://www.fao.org.Accessed February, 2013.
3.Sang, W., 2012. How Hydrofracking Flowback WastewaterInfluencesColloid
Transport in Unsaturated PorousMedia.
Soil and Water Lab
Fig 1. Illustration of plant root deformed bya
hardpan (left) and plant root growth in a
ripped hardpan (right) (FAO, 2005).
10-
60
cm
Hardpan
Unsaturated sand column infiltration
measurements were performed by applying
0.04g/ml soil/DI water solution on
0.00025-
0.000425 & 0.000425-
0.000625
mm diameter sand texture. The sand
columns were exposed to constant influent
rate of 0.5 ml/min for an hour and half
controlling the inflow rate by a peristaltic
pump.
The leachates draining from the sand
column were collected in cuvettes at five
minute intervals at a five cm suction that
was controlled by the bubble tower.
Concurrently, transportation, circulation
and deposition of clay particles (soil
colloids) were visualized using a bright
field microscope and time series images
and short videos were captured. The
experimental set up isshown in Fig.3
Soil solution
Sediment concentration in the leachate was
measured by determining the absorbance of
radiation at a wavelength of 590 nm with a
spectrophotometer.
y = -0.0003x + 3.0
R² = 0.55
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
0 20 40 60 80
Light
Absorbance
Time to leachate collection (minutes)
Light absorbance at
590nm
Linear (Light
absorbance at 590nm)
Figure4: Imagesof infiltration measurement showing thesand column at
thestart of themeasurement, 30minutesof soil solution application, 1hr
application and 2hrsafter thesecond soil solution infiltration on the
previoussand column respectively.
Figure5: Light absorbance
plotted against leachates
collection time.
Our experiment show that forming of the hardpan in the
Ethiopian soils can be related to the infiltration of sediment
rich water after the soils are tilled and the soil cover is
removed by plowing. Ameliorating of these pores clogging
or preventing them to form can help to improve the
rainwaterstoragecapacity of degraded soils.
NBDC Science Workshop, 9-10 July, 203, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
This document is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License July 2013