The document discusses using innovation platforms to improve goat markets and farming systems in Zimbabwe. Key points:
- Innovation platforms bring together farmers, traders, processors, researchers and others to identify challenges and opportunities to improve goat production and marketing.
- Objectives are to improve market efficiency, reduce transaction costs, promote productivity-increasing technologies, and build local innovation capacity.
- Results included dramatically reduced goat mortality rates (from 25% to under 10%), higher prices for farmers, and investments in improved feeding and health practices.
- Other actors like NGOs and the government also increased support like building sale pens and improving veterinary services. The approach transformed the system from crop-focused to more livestock-focused and
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Thurlow, J. 2020. Measuring Agricultural Transformation. Presentation to United States Agency for International Development. Washington DC: IFPRI (January 20)
Towards Atmanirbhar Bharat
Farm-to-Fork Tech-churning Agriculture Value Chain in India
By Dhanendra Kumar, IAS (Retd)
Former Chairman, Competition Commission of India
Founder Chairman, Competition Advisory Services (I) LLP
Former Secretary to Government of India
Former Executive Director, The World Bank
Rotary Club of Delhi Midtown
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Basic concepts of value chain analysis for sheep and goat value chains develo...ILRI
Presented by Getachew Legese (ICARDA consultant) at the ICARDA-ILRI Training on Tools for Rapid Assessment of Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 5-8 November 2012
Thurlow, J. 2020. Measuring Agricultural Transformation. Presentation to United States Agency for International Development. Washington DC: IFPRI (January 20)
Towards Atmanirbhar Bharat
Farm-to-Fork Tech-churning Agriculture Value Chain in India
By Dhanendra Kumar, IAS (Retd)
Former Chairman, Competition Commission of India
Founder Chairman, Competition Advisory Services (I) LLP
Former Secretary to Government of India
Former Executive Director, The World Bank
Rotary Club of Delhi Midtown
9th January, 2021
This PPT focuses on the introduction to Managerial Economics. The nature and scope of managerial economics along with its relationship with other subjects. This PPT will provide insights about the roles and responsibilities of managerial economists and objectives of the firm.
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This PPT focuses on the introduction to Managerial Economics. The nature and scope of managerial economics along with its relationship with other subjects. This PPT will provide insights about the roles and responsibilities of managerial economists and objectives of the firm.
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A session on "Digitalization of Agriculture" at Entrepreneurship Conclave organized by Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.
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Characterization of local chicken production and management systems in Babati...ILRI
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'Beef cattle finishing in the feedlot' is a brief document on the basics farmers and investors need to know before they engage in cattle pen fattening exercises. It emphasizes the pitfalls that must be avoided and the best courses of action, particularly under the economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe right now. However, i have tried as much to share the why, but when you need the how, you may have to contact me or animal business experts. I hope you will all find the document useful.
Small scale livestock production is a good option for new and beginning farmers. This presentation includes tips from other farmers on production, management, stewardship and more. For more, visit: http://www.extension.org/pages/54360/beginning-farmer-and-rancher-stewardship-resources
Tentative d'explication du fatal accroissement de la complexité des systèmes d'information.
La maîtrsie de la complexité pourrait être simplifiée par la création de composants de référence.
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Gender, technology and agricultural value chain: Can market access help us im...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Mohammed J. Alam (Bangladesh Agricultural University), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Innovation Platforms: a new approach to market development and technology upt...ESAP
Presentation by Andre F. van Rooyen and S. Homann-Kee Tui at the 5th All Africa conference on animal production, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-28 October 2010.
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:Research Program - Innovation Systems fo...ICRISAT
The Global Planning Meeting 2019 focused on an innovation systems approach harnesses the conditions needed to create demand for technologies and creates the knowledge that may be used to bring about such changes…innovations most often emerge from a systems of actors collaborating, communicating and learning, methodologies and tools to create innovations, understand entry points/tradeoffs and leverage actors towards profitable resilient and sustainable agri-food systems at scale and work together to contribute to ICRISAT’s mission.
Ex-ante impact assessment in improving the dairy value chain in Tanzania: A s...ILRI
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Value Chain Bankrolling: Strategy towards enhancing growth in Agriculture sec...IJMER
Value chain has been an important concept in management offering improvement over the
traditional supply or distribution chain, with an aim to optimize the chain and reduce it to limited links
with each one performing an activity to enhance the value of the product and not merely the cost. Further,
management of such value chain network should focus on cohesively taking the stake-holders along and
sharing / spreading the benefits among them, such that the network becomes symbiotic and sustainable,
and the process of value-addition & delivery gets ethical. The main objective of this research paper is to
highlight the key value chain activities in context to agricultural products and suggests the importance of
value chain financing which requires due attention from National and Regional level financing
corporations.
Crop livestock farming systems research in semi-arid southern Africa IIICRISAT
Despite expanding local and regional markets for crop and livestock products, most farmers in Marara, Tete, do not make a profit. Farmers are unable to invest in low cost biomass and protein that would increase food security and resilience despite high risk environment.Innovation platforms help, but still need further strengthening to promote learning and all levels,and to realise their full potential to generate solutions.
Ex-ante impact assessment in improving the dairy value chain in Tanzania: A s...ILRI
Presented by Kanar Hamza (Universitry of New England), Hikuepi Katjiuongua (ILRI) and Amos Omore (ILRI) at the International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), Milan, Italy, 9-14 August 2015
CRP Livestock and IFAD SmaRT Project: Small Ruminant meat value chain Transfo...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky, ICARDA, at the SmaRT Ethiopia workshop and field day on Small Ruminant Community Based Breeding Program (CBBP), Hosaena, Ethiopia, 27–28 March 2018
IFPRI organized a two day workshop on “Agricultural Extension Reforms in South Asia – Status, Challenges, and Policy Options” to be organized at Committee Room 3, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on February 17-18, 2015. IFPRI has been conducting research related to agricultural extension reforms in India and collaborating with researchers in other south Asian countries for the past five years through various projects. For understanding extension reforms in India, a major consultation was held in NAARM in 2009 during which policy makers called for development of evidence for spreading extension reform process in India. Since then several research papers have been produced on various aspects of Indian extension system. While they are presented in various forms including several discussion papers, there is a need to pull all the research result together to present it in form that could be used by the policy makers to further guide them in the reform process. South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are going through similar challenges in getting knowledge to farmers. Several experiment shave been conducted to test new approaches to extension by the public, private and NGO sectors. Learning from each country experiences will bring collective understanding and knowledge for the policy makers who are attempting to bring changes in the reform process. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together a groups of researchers, analysts and policy makers to present the issues, constraints and challenges facing agricultural extension reforms that are being implemented in South Asian countries.
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Our free classes cover fundamental concepts in robotics, coding, and engineering, providing students with a strong foundation in these critical areas. Through our interactive workshops, students can dive deeper into specific topics, working on projects that challenge them to apply what they've learned and think creatively. Our summer camps offer an immersive experience where students can collaborate on larger projects, develop their teamwork skills, and gain confidence in their abilities.
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Goat Production and Marketing in Zimbabwe
1. By Andre van Rooyen, Sabine Homan Kee-Tui,
Patricia, Thabani Dube & Allan Majuru.
Commercializing the Goat sector
in Zimbabwe
2. How can we engineer better lives for people
in water-scarce environments?
3. • Focused our work at the level of the farmer, their
world, how they operate and make decisions.
Working hypotheses:
(i) poorly developed markets (for livestock products and
services) are the main constraint limiting the
intensification of small-scale farming systems;
(ii) only when farmers engage in markets will they invest
in more productive management technologies.
4. It facilitates dialogue between the main local market players to collectively
identify challenges and opportunities to improve production and
marketing of livestock.
Farmers, input suppliers, traders, transporters, processors,
wholesalers, retailers, research and development
fraternity, regulators and policy makers
Platforms are established around local specific production and marketing
systems, and ideally merge into larger networks for improved coordination
of livestock commercialization processes (geographical, institutional).
The Innovation Platform
5. Identify and implement strategies that will improve market
efficiency and reduce transaction costs along the value chain,
thereby increasing the efficiency of the overall system,
allowing more money to flow to the producer and increasing
the incentive for improved farming practices.
Identify and promote technologies that will improve
agricultural production at the household level - and thereby
increase productivity and eventually profitability.
Develop local capacity to innovate, analyze challenges and
opportunities – reduce risk and increase potential income.
Ensure the real questions/issues are asked and addressed
Ensure that processes are pursued and not only technologies
or commodities.
Objectives of the IP
6. Structure of the IP
Farmer
Trader
Processor
R&D Community
Wholesaler
Retailer
Consumer
Input Supplier
Regulators
7. Development
Process
Activities &
Outputs
Time
Establish IP and
define roles and
responsibilities
Workshop
Workshop
Workshop
Workshop
Workshop
Activities implemented
by members
Activities implemented
by members
Activities implemented
by members
ProjectDriven
StakeholderDriven
Activities implemented
by members
Sustainability M&E
M&E
M&E
M&E
Set Impact
Indicators
Functioning of the Innovation platform
9. Concept: Generic scheme of value chain functions
(micro level)
Specific
Inputs
Provide
- equipment
- inputs
Production
Produce
Harvest
Dry etc.
Trans-
formation
Classify
Process
Pack
Trade
Transport
Distribute
Sell
Con-
sumption
Prepare
Consume
Basic functions in a value chain
Product flow
Information flow
Flow of money from the consumer
11. Input provision
VC
Functions
Goat
Production
Transfor-
mation
Retailing
Consump
-tion
Intermediary
Trade
Challenges/Opportunities for Goat VCs
Poor local input supply/use (pvt/gvt)
High input/raw material prices
Feed shortages
Poor infrastructure (roads, markets, water)
Poor information flow and communication
VCChallenges
Pen fattening
Use of auction as
trading platform
High demand for
(quality)
livestock
Interest in feed /fodder/suppl. feed
Opportunities
Availability of
abattoirs
Use of contracts when doing business
Poor support services (livestock, vet)
No access to proper credit facilities
Gvt input subs.
harm agrodealers
Collective action (formation of cooperatives to reduce transaction costs)
Potential for
agro-dealer net
Policy support
Droughts
Provision of credit facilities
Improvement
in production
practices
Diversification
Change in market demand
12.
13. And a few words on the process…
• Found a strong entry point – contextualize the
work in the farmers reality
• Goats represent food and income – buy food,
pay for education and human health
• Bottlenecks in goat production and marketing
– Very high mortality rates because of poor
nutrition, animal health and housing.
– Very limited support systems.
– Absence of functional markets
14. The development process
• Built markets and reduced transaction costs along the value
chain, involved many other players.
• Functional markets resulted in dramatic increases in
prices… increased from < $12 to $60 between 2008 and
2014 at the formal market. Farm gate price is $23!
• This drove significant investments in goat management and
the way farmers made decisions;
– Mortalities dropped from 18-25% to less than 10%!
• Farmers are reinvesting in goats
– Increased diversity in crops/feed
• True to complex systems, other role players started
investing too. NGOs built 19 more sale-pens in
Matabeleland; dip tanks, vet inputs supply etc.
18. H/h expenses and agricultural investments
Seed
1%
Others
0%
Livestock feed
11%
Livestock health
2%
Food
44%Hired labour
9%
Education
20%
Health
2%
Social events
2%
Transport
7%
Rented
grazing
2%
19. Farmers Investing in Improved
Feed Technologies
Nhwali Shashe Sign
Graze residues in fields 71. 73.3 ns
Cut & carry leaves, grass, pods 66.7 17.8 p < 0.01
Feed leguminous crop residue 35 2.2 p < 0.01
Commercial feeds 22.2 6.7 p < 0.05
Grazing reserves 24.4 2.2 p < 0.01
Feed cereal crop residue 8.9 6.7 ns
Produce forages 11.1 2.2 p < 0.05
Treat crop residues 11.1 0 p < 0.05
20. Farmers Investing in Goat Health Practices
(2012)
Nhwali Shashe Sign
Traditional methods 53.3 44.4 ns
Vaccination 40 26.7 ns
Dosing 33.3 13.3 p < 0.05
Dipping 33.3 11.1 p < 0.05
21. Sources of cash to purchase
stock feed – invest in agriculture…
Sold livestock
55%
Income from non
farm activities
36%
Given by family
member/friend
6%
Borrowed
3%
22. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
jan feb mar apri may jun jul aug sept oct nov dec
death sold/exchange slaughter lost/strayed predators
Goat mortalities and sales 2012: 10%
23. Data from Value Chain Analysis showing the profit per animal for farmers when using
the different marketing channels now available in Gwanda, Zimbabwe.
(FG = Farm practice at
farm gate;
Impr FG = Improved
production sold at
farm gate;
Impro MKT =
Improved market;
Impro MKT_Price =
Improved market with
price incentives for
quality;
Good MKT_Price =
Potential best case
scenario.)
28. Complex systems theory
• Complex systems consist of many (layers,
tiers) of interacting subsystems
• Synergies between subsystems: the system is
larger than sum of the individual sub systems
• No central coordination - complex systems are
self regulating with many and complex
feedback loops
29. Folke et al. (2003) defined four clusters of factors that interact
across temporal and spatial scales that increase the resilience of
SES
A word on Resilience
• Learning to live with change and uncertainty
• Nurturing diversity in its various forms
• Combining different types of knowledge for learning
• Creating opportunity for self-organization and cross-scale
linkages
30. Places to Intervene in a System
(in increasing order of effectiveness) Donella Meadows (1999)
12. Constants, parameters, numbers
(such as subsidies, taxes, standards)
11. The sizes of buffers and other
stabilizing stocks, relative to their
flows
10. The structure of material stocks
and flows (such as transport
networks, population age structures)
9. The lengths of delays, relative to
the rate of system change
8. The strength of negative feedback
loops, relative to the impacts they
are trying to correct against
7. The gain around driving positive
feedback loops
6. The structure of information flows
(who does and does not have access
to what kinds of information)
5. The rules of the system (such as
incentives, punishments, constraints)
4. The power to add, change, evolve,
or self-organize system structure
3. The goals of the system
2. The mindset or paradigm out of
which the system—its goals,
structure, rules, delays,
parameters—arises
1. The power to transcend paradigms
32. Livestock water productivity (LWP)
The ratio of beneficial livestock related products
and services to the water depleted as a result of
animal keeping.
34. Gains from market development/participation
Situation Gross margin
analysis (usd)
Linear Programming
(LINGO) (usd)
Base state at farm gate 89.24 120.29
Improved management at farm
gate
125.92 135.12
Improved management at market 301.79 321.80
Improved management with price
differentiation at market
418.90 448.56
Extremely good management
with price differentiation at
market
847.50 1 420.00
35. Amount of water used to raise a goat per year!
Calculated using Peden 2006
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1 2 3 4 5 6
m3Waterused
Total Water Req Annual Water Req
36. Increasing system efficiency through reduced
animal mortality
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
Meat/Feedused
Feedused(ton/anum)&Meatkg
Reducing Mortality
Feed used in Y20 Meat kg Meat/Feed Used
38. • Find workable entry points and system leverages
– Ensure the entry points used are valid and contextualized.
• Create the incentives for investments: markets
– Real change is a function of decision making and changing behavior
rather than the mere adoption of technologies
• Technology-based interventions or Process-oriented R&D
– Its not bad science – its good science poorly implemented
– Putting technologies in context of livelihood systems
• Water vs. System level entry points
– You don’t have to work with water to have an impact on water
• Sometimes improving existing systems have no/little impact,
we need to facilitate the transformation of systems
– From crop focused systems to livestock focused systems
What are the lessons learnt?
39. Places to Intervene in a System
(in increasing order of effectiveness) Donella Meadows (1999)
12. Constants, parameters, numbers
(such as subsidies, taxes, standards)
11. The sizes of buffers and other
stabilizing stocks, relative to their
flows
10. The structure of material stocks
and flows (such as transport
networks, population age structures)
9. The lengths of delays, relative to
the rate of system change
8. The strength of negative feedback
loops, relative to the impacts they
are trying to correct against
7. The gain around driving positive
feedback loops
6. The structure of information flows
(who does and does not have access
to what kinds of information)
5. The rules of the system (such as
incentives, punishments, constraints)
4. The power to add, change, evolve,
or self-organize system structure
3. The goals of the system
2. The mindset or paradigm out of
which the system—its goals,
structure, rules, delays,
parameters—arises
1. The power to transcend paradigms
40. Conclusions
• Using sound theory, hypotheses, process thinking, the correct entry points,
system leverages and incentives, we can improve the efficiency of crop
livestock systems (in terms of income, reducing risk and WUE/LWP)
• We can impact on water without making it the “entry point” because water
as such may not provide sufficient incentive for changes in behavior.
• System and process oriented R&D strategies are required to bring about
lasting positive change.
• Transforming crop-focused mixed systems to livestock-based crop livestock
systems with functional markets will be a real option in the face of climate
change.
• Improving market access and overall systems efficiency will improve income,
and feedback mechanisms will increase sustainability while increasing
diversity (in commodities and markets), knowledge sharing and capacity to
self-organize will increase resilience.