Nationalism grew stronger in several countries in the 1800s: - Matthew Perry forced Japan to open to trade in 1853, helping end its isolationist period and sparking modernization. - Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832 after revolting with foreign support. - Mohammed Ali modernized Egypt in the early 1800s, establishing an Egyptian national identity. - The Indian Rebellion of 1857 resisted British rule in India, leading the British to take formal control and begin the British Raj period of rule.