1. The document discusses how the Earth's climate has changed throughout history due to natural factors like changes in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity. It then focuses on climate change in Delhi, describing its seasonal temperatures and rainfall patterns. 2. The team's project aims to study temperature and rainfall variability in Delhi to help people understand climate change and how citizen scientists can help track the problem. They observe temperatures and rainfall to analyze changes over time. 3. In conclusion, the team thanks those who supported their project and hopes their work will help people understand climate research and solutions to address climate change.

1. U N D E R S TA N D I N G W E AT H E R & C L I M AT E
C H A N G E

3. TEMPERATURE
DELHI THEN-DELHI NOW

4. T E A M M E M B E R S
1.ANAM RAFI(GROUP
LEADER)
2.NEHA SINGH
3.NANCY
CHOUDHARY
4.MUKAL
5.JASWANT
G U I D E T E A C H E R
MRS PRIYA JHA
TGT Science

5. ABSTRACT

7. The Earth's climate has changed throughout its history
long before human activity could have played a role.
For example, the planet has swung between cold
glacial periods or "ice ages", and warm interglacial
periods over the last few million years. Changes in
the past can be explained by natural factors such as
changes in the Earth's orbit, in the sun's intensity, in
the amount of explosive volcanic activity, by
changes to the surface of the Earth, and farther back
in time, to the position of the continents. Of these,
only changes in the sun’s intensity and volcanic
activity are relevant on century timescales.

8. Delhi has a hot and humid climate for most of the season. The
city climate becomes very hot during the month of June which is
followed by monsoon happening somewhere after September.
Monsoon in Delhi is quite unpredictable where you can't predict
which way they will turn. Delhi monsoon has never been like the
one we witness in other parts of India, say for example Mumbai.
Winter in Delhi is very chilly which peaks in at the start of
November and continues till the month of February. The foggy
and chilly weather during winters makes Delhi's climate a tough
one to confront with. Delhi is situated on the banks of river
Yamuna with Himalayas being in the north of Delhi. This is the
main reason behind Delhi's climate being called as the
"Continental Climate".

9. INTRODUCTION

10. THE SKY IS STILL BLUE. TREES ARE STILL GREEN.
WIND STILL BLOWS. CLOUDS ARE STILL WHITE AND
FLUFFY. RAIN STILL POURS FROM THE SKY. SNOW
FALLS AND IT STILL GETS REALLY COLD SOMETIMES
IN SOME PLACES. EARTH IS STILL BEAUTIFUL
.

11. AFTER OBSERVING AND MAKING LOTS OF
MEASUREMENTS STILL THERE IS MUCH WE DO
NOT UNDERSTAND ABOUT EARTH'S CLIMATE.
THAT IS HARDLY SURPRISING, GIVEN THE
COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL
AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT
DETERMINES WHAT HAPPENS ON OUR
PLANET’S SURFACE AND IN ITS ATMOSPHERE

12. Delhi is the city of 5 season.As well as spring, summer, winter and autumn,
Delhi has an additional season - the monsoon, from July to mid-
September.The city has its own charm and attractions throughout each
season, but you'll need to make sure you pack adequate clothing. For
spring, from February to March, take some light woollen clothing; in the heat
of summer from April to June you'll need very lightweight cotton clothing, a
hat and plenty of sunscreen. During the monsoon, you'll need the same,
plus an umbrella - temperatures are still very high. Autumn falls between
September and November, when a mix of cotton clothing and light woollens
is recommended. If you're visiting Delhi in the winter months of December
and January, take a sweater or body warmer to counteract the chill.

13. To study and analyse variable
range of temperature and rainfall .
To help people understand the
scientific research into climate change and
the role of citizen scientists in helping
professional scientists generate data to
track the problem and devise solutions..

14. Awareness of variation in temperature in
particular area during entire year will help
people to track the problem and devise
solution due to climate change and raising
awareness of the issues surrounding
climate change which is creating a new
weather around in their area can make a
significant difference.

16. CLIMATE UNKNOWN: HOW SERIOUS THE THREAT TO
LIFE IS
The problem for the plants, animals and people living today is that we have
adapted to the unusually stable climate of the past few thousand years

20. AVERAGE HIGH/LOW TEMPERATURE IN DELHI

21. AVERAGE RAIN FALL IN DELHI

22. OBSERVATION

23. The environment is rarely constant and organisms are exposed to
temporal and spatial variations that impact their life histories and inter-
species interactions. It is important to understand how such variations
affect epidemiological dynamics in host–parasite systems. We explored
effects of temporal variation in temperature .This work provides, to our
knowledge, the first experimental demonstration that epidemiological
dynamics are influenced by environmental variation. We also
emphasize the need to consider environmental variance, as well as
means, when trying to understand, or predict population dynamics or
range.

24. Global Radiation-All the four major cities with population more than ten
million, show significant decline in global irradiance of 3.4% (7.8 Wm-2) per
decade at Delhi, 4.1% (8.4 Wm-2) per decade at Kolkata, 1.7% (4.1 Wm-2)
per decade at Chennai and 2.4% (5.5 Wm-2) per decade at Mumbai.

25. Delhi is one of the highly
polluted major cities of
Asia and is also
subjected to heavy
injection of dust load
brought by winds blown
dust from the desert in
the west. Total
suspended particulate
matter concentration
during the pre-monsoon
season goes enormously
high and local radiative
forcing is significantly
affected (Singh et al.
2004). The long-term
average of global
irradiance at Delhi is
216.2Wm-2 with a
standard deviation in the
annual mean of 10.2 Wm-

27. The Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last
650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and
retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago
marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human
civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small
variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our
planet receives.
The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is
very likely human-induced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented
in the past 1,300 years.
Global temperature naturally varies up and down from year to year and
decade to decade. Natural climate variability will continue to have an
influence on the state of the climate over short time periods, but
superimposed on these natural fluctuations is a long term trend towards
global warming. In order to detect climate change – a long term trend –
above the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability, it is important to look to long
term data records. When the record of global average surface temperature
over the past 100 years or so is examined, a long term global warming of
about 0.8 °C is observed.

34. CONLUSION
To help people understand the
scientific research into weather
around and climate change and the
role of citizen scientists in helping
professional scientists generate
data to track the problem and
advice solutions

36. The strong global warming observed since the mid-
20th century has been largely attributed to human
influences on the climate. Global warming refers to the
observed long-term rise in global average surface
temperature and is one manifestation of climate change.
The rate of global warming over the last half of the
20th century was about twice that for the whole century.
This human influence results primarily from the burning
of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Burning
these fuels generates carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
Land use changes, such as deforestation and conversion
of land to agriculture, have also contributed carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere.

39. We all are very much Grateful to our Guide
teacher Mrs Priya Jha ,who provided us to be
the part of this valuable project to inculcate our
Scientific Attitude regarding Weather Around
Delhi.
We are also very much thankful to the
society members who encouraged us to conduct
Field Survey and provided sufficient information
to find some solution of our taken project.
We sincerely thanks to our school
administration who provided us all physical and
academic support to conduct this project
effortlessly.
How can we forget to say thanks to my

40. REFERENCE
-S Attri, S.D., 2006, “Climate Change and Agriculture-An overview”, Vayu
Mandal, Attri, S.D., Singh, Sidhartha, Mukhopadhayay, B. and
Bhatnagar A. K, 2008, Atlas of
-Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Air in India’, IMD
MetMonograph N0 1/2008 on Environment Meteorology.-
http:// www.imd.gov.in/doc/climate profile

41. CHOICES ARE OUR- FEAR OR FAIR