This document discusses the causes of climate change, including both natural causes and human causes. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, changes in the Earth's orbit and axis, and continental drift. Human causes mainly consist of emitting greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide through activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture, industrial processes, and coal mining. While climate change has occurred naturally in the past, human activities since the industrial era have increased greenhouse gas concentrations and accelerated global warming. Effective policy is needed to transition to renewable energy and more sustainable practices.

1. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Submitted by:
MADHU RANI
Submitted to:
Dr.TANUSHREE BHATTACHARYA
Dr.SUKALYAN CHAKRABORTY

2. CONTENT
Definition of Climate Change
Difference between climate and
weather
Natural cause of Climate Change
Human cause of Climate Change
Conclusion
References

3. DEFINITION OF CLIMATE CHANGE
“ It is a change which is attributed
directly or indirectly to human activity
that alters the composition of the
global atmosphere and which is in
addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparative time
periods”

4. FIRST OF ALL, WE SHOULD KNOW THAT WEATHER
AND CLIMATE
ARE NOT THE SAME THING.

5. WEATHER IS:
 Short term
 Limited area
 Can change rapidly
 Difficult to predict
WEATHER is what’s
happening outside your
window right now.

6. CLIMATE IS:
 Long term
 Wide area
 Seasonal changes
 Measured over long
spans of time
CLIMATE is the average
of many years of
weather observation.

9. Volcanic eruptions
A volcanic eruption, lasting for few days, emits large volumes
of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash into
the atmosphere that influence climatic patterns for years.
The gases and dust particles partially block the incoming
rays of the sun, leading to cool

11. OCEAN CURRENT
 Ocean currents act much like a conveyer belt,
transporting warm water and precipitation from the
equator toward the poles and cold water from the
poles back to the tropics.
 Thus, currents regulate global climate, helping to
counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation
reaching Earth’s surface.
 Without currents, regional temperatures would be
more extreme—super hot at the equator and frigid
toward the poles—and much less of Earth’s land
would be habitable.

12. EARTH ORBITAL CHANGES
 Changes in the tilt of the earth’s axis, changes in
the shape of earth's orbit (i.e. eccentricity) and the
shifting of the equinoxes (i.e. precession) play
major roles in determining variations in the amount
of sun’s energy reaching the earth and hence lead
to variations in the earth’s climate (i.e. Climate
Change)

14.  Solar Variation

15. THE AMOUNT OF HEAT ENERGY RECEIVED AT ANY LOCATION ON THE GLOBE IS A
DIRECT EFFECT OF SUN ANGLE ON CLIMATE
AS THE ANGLE AT WHICH SUNLIGHT STRIKES THE EARTH VARIES BY LOCATION, TIME OF
DAY, AND SEASON DUE TO THE EARTH'ORBIT AROUND THE SUN AND THE EARTH'S
ROTATION AROUND ITS TILTED AXIS.
SEASONAL CHANGE IN THE ANGLE OF SUNLIGHT, CAUSED BY THE TILT OF THE
EARTH'S AXIS, IS THE BASIC MECHANISM THAT RESULTS IN WARMER WEATHER IN SUMMER
THAN IN WINTER.

16. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
SHIFTING OF LARGE LANDMASS CHANGED OCEAN CURRENT FLOW AND
WINDS AND ALTERED THE ATMOSPHERE
CONTINENTS THAT HAVE DRIFTED CLOSER TO THE EQUATOR ARE WARMER
BECAUSE THE SUN’S RAYS HIT THEM DIRECTLY.

17. OTHER NATURAL CAUSES
 ATMOSPHERE
 WATER CYCLE
 CLOUD
 ICE AND SNOW
 LAND SURFACE

18.  HUMAN CAUSES (Anthropogenic or Man-made
causes)
 Greenhouse gases
 Deforestation
 Coal mining
 Burning of fossil fuels
 Industrial processes
 Agriculture

20. HUMAN ACTIVITIES RESULT IN EMISSIONS OF FOUR PRINCIPAL
GREENHOUSE GASES:
1. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2),
2.METHANE (CH4),
3.NITROUS OXIDE (N2O) AND
4.THE HALOCARBONS (A GROUP OF GASES CONTAINING
FLUORINE, CHLORINE AND BROMINE).
These gases accumulate in the atmosphere, causing
concentrations to increase with time. Significant increases in
all of these gases have occurred in the industrial era. All of
these increases are attributable to human activities.

22.  Coal Mining

23.  Burning of Fossil Fuels

24. Burning Fossil Fuels
Burning coal to generate electricity, burning oil to power
vehicles and aircraft (vehicle emissions),or burning wood in
fires used for cooking or to provide heat, etc. changes the
state of stored organic carbon from a liquid (e.g. oil) or solid
(e.g. coal/wood) into a gas (carbon dioxide) which is released
into the atmosphere.

25.  Industrial processes

26. Industrial sector generates around 24% of the
energy sector’s total emissions and includes fossil
fuel combustion to power primarily manufacturing
industries such as iron & steel, chemical, paper
production and other industries.

27.  Agriculture

28.  Greenhouse gas emission from fertilizer and
pesticide use causes climate change .Industrial
agriculture's huge carbon footprint which affect
climate.

30. CONCLUSION
 Climate changes are affecting not just individuals
but all the countries over the world.
 Twelfth five year plan has emphasized the need of
sound environmental management , which includes
environmental planning, protection, monitoring,
assessment, research and education as a major
guiding factors for national development.

31. CONT………………………….
 India is a “soft state”. We have excellent
environmental laws but politics and corruption
prevent the effective implementation of such laws
which is disastrous to the environment and
economy as a whole.
 Use of renewable source of energy is best solution.

32. REFERENCES
 An overview from the Royal society and the US National
Academy of Science
 https://www.epa.gov/climate-change-science/causes-
climate-change
 http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n
=65CD73F4-1
 http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/climate/causes.htm
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
2001. “Working Group I Third Assessment Report.”
Cambridge University Press.
Group I Third Assessment Report.” Cambridge
University Press.
Cambridge, UK. 881 pp.