The document discusses climate change, its causes, effects, and potential solutions, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing this critical issue. It outlines contributing factors like human activities, geographical aspects, and natural phenomena, while highlighting the consequences such as global warming, rising sea levels, and impacts on biodiversity. The document also suggests individual and collective actions to mitigate climate change, alongside mentioning various national initiatives aimed at combating it.

1. ABOUT
Rupali Shelar
An avid visual arts and book lover, a keen student,
a supposedly good and efficient homemaker and a
fiercely protective and fun-loving mom to two
difficult yet wonderful teenagers. I strongly believe
in the quote
"If you want the rainbow, you gotta put up with
the rain".
So here I am with my first blog as part of our
college activity.
The closure of schools across the country is
requiring more and more educators and students
to go online with either videos or blogs for sharing
of knowledge and better learning experiences.

2. Dr D.Y.Patil College of Education, Pimpri, Pune
2020 -2021
B.Ed Course code 212: Entrepreneurship Development
Inspiration: Dr. Rekha Pathak
Guidance: Prof. Shakuntala D. Bhosale
Roll no : 15
Subject: Geography
Topic: Global Climate Change

3. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

4. Global climate change, its effects and steps
to tackle it.

5. Introduction
"We are living on this planet as if we have another one to go to"
- Terry Swearingen
Climate change is a vast, interesting and also a common topic for all higher secondary
school students and so I hope this blog helps you to understand some concepts related to
climatic changes. Climate change can be explored in various disciplines in different ways.
We will look at it from the geographical perspective and how we can make use of this
knowledge in real life situations, as it is of paramount importance for our planet, to make
it more habitable and healthier.
Climate on the other hand refers to long term regional or even global average of
temperature, humidity and rainfall patterns over seasons, years or decades.

6. No challenge poses a greater threat to human
generations other than CLIMATE CHANGE
No challenge poses a greater threat to
human generations other than CLIMATE
CHANGE

7. Climate change
It is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define the
earth's local, regional and global climates.
History of climate change
As we all are aware, variability in climate occurs all the time. The nineties decade of the
last century witnessed extreme weather events. The 1990s recorded the warmest
temperature of the century and some of the worst floods around the world. During the
1930s, severe drought occurred in southwestern Great Plains of the United States,
described as the dust bowl. From about 1885-1940 world temperature showed an upward
trend. After 1940, the rate of increase in temperature slowed down.

8. When we talk about climate changes, we refer to the natural fluctuations in the
climate. The temperatures have been rising faster, due to human activities and
natural causes too. The world has been getting warmer day by day. We are adding
to the natural greenhouse effect, with harmful gases from the industries,
agriculture, explosions and many other factors and in turn trapping more energy
and increasing the temperature. This is known as global warming too, though the
term "climate change" refers to the broader range of changes that are occurring on
earth other than encompassing global warming.
We will look at the causes, harmful effects and steps to tackle these drastic
climatic changes atleast from a certain level, so that we can do our bit towards
sustaining a breathable atmosphere and healthier lifestyle.

9. Causes of climate change
The causes for climate change are many. Some causes of climate change are listed below :
⮚ Topography: This refers to the shape of the land. Latitudes and elevation ranges are one of the factors that lead to
fluctuation in surface temperatures. It can lead to local changes in climate.
⮚ Sea level: One of the influential factors affecting a region’s climate is the distance from the sea and nearby water
bodies. The surface temperatures in sea have an effect on land temperatures. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter
than internal areas. This leads to cloud formation when warm air from these interior areas meets cool air from the
sea.
⮚ Ocean currents: These can transfer heat energy from land to sea or vice versa, hence influencing the temperature of
the region.
⮚ Prevailing winds: Winds scatter specific air masses. The climate of a region can be dependent on the direction of
the wind as the wind from the humid region brings cool air while that from the dry region brings hot air.
⮚ Milankovitch oscillations: Variations in the earth’s orbital characteristics around the sun and the changes in the
earth’s axial tilt affects the amount of isolation faced by earth and hence affects the climate.
⮚ Human activities: Deforestation, an increase in the human population, pollution caused by the burning of fossil
fuels, emission from vehicles and industries.

10. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND PROXY DATA
Global warming, its effects and proxy data for studying climate
change
“
EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE

11. Global warming
Global warming is the effect of gases
such as carbon dioxide, methane etc.
on the temperature of the earth. It
has led to an increase in the heat
holding capacity of the atmosphere
which in turn increases the
temperature..

12. Effects of global warming
1) Heat Waves
2) Heat Islands
3) Increase in sea level
4)Organisms
5) Melting of glaciers at high
altitudes and snow in polar
areas

13. 1) Heat Waves
Increases the heat holding
capacity of the atmosphere which
in turn increases the temperature
especially during summers.

14. 2) Heat Islands
Global warming serves as a base
from which heat waves become
much worse especially in big
cities where the heat island effect
comes into play. Urban areas heat
up more readily because of paved
surfaces and concrete
constructions.

15. 3) Increase in sea level
The global sea level rise is caused due to
the following :
1. Melting of land ice
2. Changes in the amount of water
stored on land.
3. Higher sea levels can lead to
deadlier cyclones and frequent
flooding of coastal areas. For
example, parts of Konkan coast,
southern Kerala and flooding of
cities and coastal communities
around Kutch in Gujarat.

16. 4) Organisms
i)Around the world the jellyfish seem to
be reproducing heavily and congregating
in places where they were never seen
before. This is happening because of
warmer waters and changes in the acidity
level of the oceans.
ii) Spread of insects in newer regions :
Global warming will apparently increase
the number of mosquitoes as higher
temperature and humid conditions
provide a perfect breeding ground.
iii) Coral reefs : When temperatures
change, corals throw out the algae living
in their tissues. These algae are
responsible for their color. Increase in
temperature leads to bleaching of corals
and if prolonged the corals perish.

17. 5) Melting of glaciers and
snow in polar areas
The melting of ice is a very natural process.
But when glaciers and icebergs melt at an
alarming rate, it becomes a cause of concern.
This phenomenon has intensified in the 20th
century and will soon leave our planet
iceless. The main culprit is human activity in
the emission of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases. The earth's retreating
glaciers are evident impacts as oceans and
other water bodies absorb more than 80% of
the earth's warmth, and glaciers are mostly
located near the poles and higher altitudes.
For example the Gangotri glacier, one of the
largest in the Himalayas, has retreated more
than 850 meters with a recession of 76
meters from 1996 to 1999 alone.

18. Proxy data for studying climate change
Examples of proxy data and how it
helps to analyse climate change
1)Coral reefs
2)Tree rings
3)Ice sheets

19. Coral reefs
Coral reefs form skeletons by
extracting calcium carbonate from
the ocean and are very sensitive to
temperature. Because of this
sensitivity, they form rings every
season and by observation scientists
determine the temperature or water
or the season in which the growth of
the reef took place.

20. Tree rings
Trees form different widths of rings
every season and are heavily affected
by environmental conditions. By
studying the variation in these rings
scientists can determine the climatic
conditions that were present at that
time.

21. Ice cores
These are samples taken from the
inside of the ice sheets and have a
different texture depending on the
climatic conditions. These sheets
from Antarctica or Greenland give
information about the climate of
each year the sheets were formed.

22. Climate change is the single biggest thing that humans
have done to this planet. The one thing that needs to be
bigger is our movement to stop it.
-- Bill Mckibben
“
STEPS TO TACKLE DRASTIC CLIMATE CHANGES TO A
CERTAIN EXTENT

23. 1. Power your home with renewable sources of energy : Set up solar panels on the roofs
of your house. Now since this might not be convenient for everybody, start by observing
your electricity bill and start reducing the AC usage, start using LED lights which
consume less power, reuse items in your house and use less plastic.
2. Reduce water pollution : Surprisingly reducing water pollution also helps to lower CO2
emissions. You must be wondering why..... that's because it takes large amounts of
energy to pump, heat and treat your water. Start spending less time in your shower
singing , close the tap while brushing your teeth and switch off water appliances after
their use has been served.
3. More trees please ....let's go green : Plant as many trees in your neighborhood as
possible but don't forget to also take care of them. It won’t make a difference if you
plant a sapling and forget all about it later.
4. Dietary habits: Reduce meat intake or better still go vegan: By reducing your
consumption of animal protein by half, you can cut your diet's carbon footprint by more
than 40%. If its difficult to go vegan or turn vegetarian, at least become a 'flexitarian'
and reduce your red meat intake.

24. Measures opted by nations to tackle climate change
Other than the previously given measures, there are several measures adopted by
different countries to tackle climate change. For example, the Kyoto Protocol is an
international treaty that commits member countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The Government of India has also taken important steps to combat climate change:
1. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008
2. National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change, (NAFCC)
3. National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF)
To conclude this topic, I would like to reiterate the fact that its imperative to understand
the complexities of the climate change process, its causes, its disastrous effects and what
can be done to tackle this alarming issue. Let's not take this lightly and try to be
responsible for our actions on our planet and strive for a better world, a greener and
healthier version for the future generations....

25. When educating the minds of our youth we must not forget to
educate their hearts.
-- Dalai Lama
“
STUDENT'S CORNER

26. In this animated infographic we dive
into the science behind human
accelerated climate change, how it is
affecting our planet, why we need to
act on this issue, and how you as an
individual can contribute to the
solution.
1.The problem and the solution

27. 2. A thorough explanation of the complicated issue
In this animated video you
would get a better view of the
issue and the problems we face
due to it.

28. Assess yourself
1. State the human activities which influence climate
change.
2. There is a possibility that we might not see the coastal
cities of a lot of countries. State why.
3. What is bleaching of coral reefs? How do they help in
collecting proxy data?
4. How does latitude affect climate?
5. Why is there an increase in floods and droughts?
6. What steps have been taken to tackle climate change?
7. How do you think the climate change has influenced
India?
8. Have you noticed any changes in the climatic conditions
in the recent years? List down some of the changes with
examples.
9. What lifestyle changes can be adopted by us to combat
climate change?
10. Explain global warming and the greenhouse effect in
detail. 28

29. NOT A HOT PLANET BUT A BEAUTIFUL EARTH WITH CLEAR SKIES,
CLEAR WATER AND FRESH AIR IS OUR COMMITMENT TO THE
FUTURE GENERATIONS.
“
29

30. THANK YOU