Nasal Injuries
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Nasal injuries can damage the skin, bone, or cartilage of the nose. Nosebleeds are common and usually stop on their own with simple first aid like pinching the nose. More severe nosebleeds may require treatments like nasal packing or cauterization in the hospital. Nasal injuries can cause fractures, deviated septums, and complications like blood collecting under the nasal lining. Prompt medical care and sometimes surgery can help treat injuries and prevent issues like nasal blockages or saddle nose deformities.
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Nasal Injuries
Many common nasal injuries like nosebleeds and minor broken noses can be treated with first aid, while more severe injuries may require medical care. The most common causes of nasal injuries are forms of minor trauma to the nose. While complications are rare, those experiencing facial trauma along with conditions like loss of consciousness or persistent epistaxis should seek urgent medical attention.
Trauma to nose
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds) and CSF rhinorrhoea (leak of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose). It covers the etiology, types, clinical presentation, investigations, medical management including cauterization and nasal packing, and surgical treatments such as arterial embolization, ligation, and repair of CSF leaks. Complications are also mentioned. Nasal fractures are briefly discussed including causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
Nasal fracture revised
Nasal fractures are common facial injuries caused by blunt force trauma to the nose, such as sports injuries, assaults, or falls. The nasal bones and septum can be broken or cracked. Symptoms include bruising, swelling, deformity, and breathing difficulties. Diagnosis involves examining the nose internally and externally to check for deformities, mobility, and septal hematomas. Treatment options include closed reduction to manipulate the bones back into position or open reduction for more severe fractures. Complications can include saddle nose deformity if the septum is not properly supported during healing.
Nasal Fractures
The document discusses different types of nasal injuries including nosebleeds and nasal fractures. It provides information on causes, signs and symptoms, and first aid treatment for nosebleeds and nasal fractures. For nosebleeds, it recommends having the person pinch their nose and lean forward to stop bleeding. For nasal fractures, it advises applying ice to reduce swelling and pain, and seeing a doctor for more serious fractures or blocked nasal passages.
Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinus
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It describes the external nose, nasal cavity, nasal septum, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, blood supply and nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity. It then discusses the four paranasal sinuses - maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid sinuses - including their locations, openings and functions. It concludes with some clinical notes on examining the nose and sinuses and common conditions that may affect them.
Ppt of epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is commonly caused by local trauma or irritation to the nasal mucosa. The most common site of bleeding is Little's area, located in the anterior nasal septum. Epistaxis can also occur from other sites like the posterior nasal cavity (Woodruff's plexus) or retrocolumellar vein. Management involves initial measures like pinching the nose or nasal packing. For persistent or severe bleeding, procedures like electrocautery, arterial ligation or embolization may be needed. Epistaxis should be properly evaluated to identify and treat any underlying local or systemic causes.
Management of epistaxis
This document summarizes the classification and management of epistaxis. It discusses:
1. Epistaxis is classified as anterior or posterior based on the bleeding source location.
2. Management includes direct methods like endoscopic cauterization to target the bleeding point. Indirect methods like nasal packing are also used.
3. Additional treatments discussed include hot water irrigation, medical therapies like tranexamic acid, and surgical options like ligation if direct methods fail.
4. Complications, secondary causes, and pediatric considerations are also reviewed. A variety of approaches are available to control epistaxis depending on its specific cause and location.
Foreign body nose
A foreign body in the nose is an object that is lodged where it does not belong. Common foreign bodies include small toys, beads, and food items. Button batteries can cause severe damage by releasing toxic chemicals. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, discharge, and pain. Examination and imaging may identify the object. Various techniques are used to remove foreign bodies, depending on factors like size, location, and cooperation. General anesthesia may be needed for complicated or posterior cases.
Recommended
Nasal Injuries
Many common nasal injuries like nosebleeds and minor broken noses can be treated with first aid, while more severe injuries may require medical care. The most common causes of nasal injuries are forms of minor trauma to the nose. While complications are rare, those experiencing facial trauma along with conditions like loss of consciousness or persistent epistaxis should seek urgent medical attention.
Trauma to nose
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds) and CSF rhinorrhoea (leak of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose). It covers the etiology, types, clinical presentation, investigations, medical management including cauterization and nasal packing, and surgical treatments such as arterial embolization, ligation, and repair of CSF leaks. Complications are also mentioned. Nasal fractures are briefly discussed including causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
Nasal fracture revised
Nasal fractures are common facial injuries caused by blunt force trauma to the nose, such as sports injuries, assaults, or falls. The nasal bones and septum can be broken or cracked. Symptoms include bruising, swelling, deformity, and breathing difficulties. Diagnosis involves examining the nose internally and externally to check for deformities, mobility, and septal hematomas. Treatment options include closed reduction to manipulate the bones back into position or open reduction for more severe fractures. Complications can include saddle nose deformity if the septum is not properly supported during healing.
Nasal Fractures
The document discusses different types of nasal injuries including nosebleeds and nasal fractures. It provides information on causes, signs and symptoms, and first aid treatment for nosebleeds and nasal fractures. For nosebleeds, it recommends having the person pinch their nose and lean forward to stop bleeding. For nasal fractures, it advises applying ice to reduce swelling and pain, and seeing a doctor for more serious fractures or blocked nasal passages.
Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinus
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It describes the external nose, nasal cavity, nasal septum, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, blood supply and nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity. It then discusses the four paranasal sinuses - maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid sinuses - including their locations, openings and functions. It concludes with some clinical notes on examining the nose and sinuses and common conditions that may affect them.
Ppt of epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is commonly caused by local trauma or irritation to the nasal mucosa. The most common site of bleeding is Little's area, located in the anterior nasal septum. Epistaxis can also occur from other sites like the posterior nasal cavity (Woodruff's plexus) or retrocolumellar vein. Management involves initial measures like pinching the nose or nasal packing. For persistent or severe bleeding, procedures like electrocautery, arterial ligation or embolization may be needed. Epistaxis should be properly evaluated to identify and treat any underlying local or systemic causes.
Management of epistaxis
This document summarizes the classification and management of epistaxis. It discusses:
1. Epistaxis is classified as anterior or posterior based on the bleeding source location.
2. Management includes direct methods like endoscopic cauterization to target the bleeding point. Indirect methods like nasal packing are also used.
3. Additional treatments discussed include hot water irrigation, medical therapies like tranexamic acid, and surgical options like ligation if direct methods fail.
4. Complications, secondary causes, and pediatric considerations are also reviewed. A variety of approaches are available to control epistaxis depending on its specific cause and location.
Foreign body nose
A foreign body in the nose is an object that is lodged where it does not belong. Common foreign bodies include small toys, beads, and food items. Button batteries can cause severe damage by releasing toxic chemicals. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, discharge, and pain. Examination and imaging may identify the object. Various techniques are used to remove foreign bodies, depending on factors like size, location, and cooperation. General anesthesia may be needed for complicated or posterior cases.
NASAL POLYPS
Nasal polyps are non-cancerous masses of swollen nasal or sinus mucosa. There are two main types: bilateral ethmoidal polyps and antrochoanal polyps. Bilateral ethmoidal polyps commonly arise from inflammatory conditions like rhinosinusitis or disorders of ciliary motility. Antrochoanal polyps originate from the maxillary sinus near its opening and grow into the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, loss of smell, headache and discharge. Signs include pale grape-like masses seen on nasal examination. Treatment involves polypectomy or endoscopic sinus surgery. Recurrence is less common for antrochoanal polyps if completely removed from their
6. otitis externa
This document provides information about otitis externa (OE), including:
1) OE is an inflammation of the external ear canal caused most often by bacterial infection, but sometimes fungi or viruses. Risk factors include water exposure, trauma from cotton swabs, and eczema.
2) Symptoms include ear pain, fullness, discharge, and hearing loss. Examination reveals erythema and tenderness of the ear canal.
3) Treatment involves cleaning the ear canal and using topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, or antifungals depending on the cause. Imaging is not usually needed but may help identify complications like mastoiditis.
NASAL BONE FRACTURE
Nasal bone fractures are the most common facial trauma because the nose protrudes from the face. A frontal or lateral force can cause a nasal bone fracture depending on the magnitude. There are two main types - depressed fractures which result from a frontal blow causing the nasal bones to collapse inward, and angulated fractures from a lateral force which cause deviation of the nasal bridge. Clinical features include nasal swelling, bruising around the eyes, tenderness, deformity, and occasionally nosebleeds or nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is usually made through physical exam but x-rays can help show the fracture, though may sometimes miss it. Treatment depends on if there is displacement - non-displaced fractures may need no treatment, while displaced
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
1. Epistaxis is bleeding from the nasal cavity and can occur in all age groups, though it is most common in children and young adults. The nasal cavity has a rich blood supply making it prone to bleeding.
2. Common causes of anterior epistaxis include local trauma, inflammation, infections, and physiological factors like climate. Systemic causes include hypertension, liver/kidney disease, and coagulation disorders.
3. Treatment begins with first aid and locating the bleeding site. Definitive treatments include chemical or electrocautery, vasoconstrictor sprays, and anterior nasal packing. Refractory epist
Dental Anatomy
This document summarizes the anatomy and development of permanent and deciduous (baby) teeth. It notes that humans have 32 permanent teeth which replace the 20 deciduous teeth between ages 5-11 years. Each tooth consists of a crown, root, pulp cavity containing nerves and blood vessels, dentin layer, and enamel or cementum coatings. Teeth are anchored in the jawbone by periodontal ligaments. The document also briefly discusses common dental diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and their symptoms.
Chronic otitis media
This document discusses chronic otitis media, including tubotympanic and atticoantral types. Tubotympanic type is a safe inflammation of the middle ear lining, while atticoantral type involves a cholesteatoma sac. Symptoms include ear discharge and deafness. Examination may reveal perforations or debris in the ear canal. Investigations include culture, endoscopy and imaging. Management involves medical treatment like cleaning or antibiotics, with surgery for more severe cases like mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty.
Foreign body nose
Children and even mentally retarded adults have the tendency to have habit of putting Foreign Bodies in their Nose themselves or by others. However treating surgeons are likely to forget nasal packs and splints as well.
Embryology of face
The document discusses the embryology of the face, beginning with formation of the three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. It describes how the pharyngeal arches and pouches form and their derivatives. Facial development involves outgrowths from the frontonasal process and mandibular arches. Nasal placodes form and sink to become nasal pits. The mandibular processes fuse to form the lower lip and jaw, while maxillary processes fuse with other structures to form the upper lip.
ANATOMY OF NOSE
The nose has an external triangular pyramid shape directed downward with two nostrils separated by a septum. Internally, the nasal cavity is lined by ciliated epithelium and contains three turbinates and paranasal sinuses. The nasal septum separates the two nasal cavities and has attachments to the maxilla, frontal bone, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. Arterial blood supply comes from the maxillary and sphenopalatine arteries while nerve supply is from the trigeminal and vidian nerves. The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses.
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
- The blood supply and common bleeding sites in the nose, especially Little's area.
- Causes of epistaxis including local factors like trauma, infections, and tumors as well as general factors like hypertension.
- Differences between anterior and posterior nosebleeds.
- Management approaches like first aid, cauterization, nasal packing, and ligation of arteries in severe cases.
- Measures like bed rest, monitoring, antibiotics, and treating underlying causes are also important.
Nose anatomy and physiology
This ppt contains anatomy and physiology of Nose and Paranasal sinuses, tried to explain all the structures with the help of CT scans.
Tooth numbering system
This document provides an overview of tooth numbering systems and anatomical landmarks. It describes the primary and permanent dentition, including their numbers, eruption patterns and dental formulas. Two common numbering systems are described for each - the Universal system and FDI system for primary and permanent teeth. Key anatomical features are defined, including crowns, roots, surfaces, ridges, grooves, lobes and line/point angles. The document serves as a comprehensive guide to dental anatomy terminology.
Anatomy of external nose by av sharma
The external nose has an osteocartilaginous framework covered by muscles and skin. It consists of bony and cartilaginous parts. The bony part makes up the upper one third and includes the nasal bones, frontal processes of the maxillae, and nasal part of the frontal bone. The cartilaginous part makes up the lower two thirds and contains various cartilages like the upper lateral, greater alar, lesser alar, and septal nasal cartilages. The external nose also contains muscles that elevate, depress, compress, and dilate the nose and nostrils. It is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries as well as branches of
Parotitis
Parotitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection, resulting in swelling, redness, and soreness of the glands and surrounding tissues. There are four main types: acute bacterial parotitis, which causes erythema, pain, swelling, tenderness and pus discharge from the gland; chronic recurrent parotitis; viral parotitis; and recurrent parotitis in children. Symptoms include bad taste, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, face pain, fever, swelling in the jaw, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing in severe cases.
ENT emergencies
Diana Harbuz provides a summary of common ENT issues including:
1. Mastoiditis, otitis externa, perichondritis, and haematoma in the ears section.
2. Epistaxis and sinusitis/meningitis/CSF rhinorrhoea in the nose section.
3. Peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscesses, Ludwigs angina, laryngomalacia, and angiooedema in the throat section.
4. Emergency management of laryngectomy/tracheostomy patients, parotitis, and facial cellulitis referral guidelines in the head and neck
NASAL SEPTAL DISEASES
DISEASES AND DEFECTS OF NASAL SEPTUM
FRACTURE OF NASAL SEPTUM
DNS
NASAL HEMATOMA
NASAL ABCESS
NASAL SYNECHIA
SEPTAL PERFORATION
Ext nose
The document discusses various conditions that can affect the external nose, including infections, tumors, and traumatic injuries. It covers acute infections like vestibulitis and erysipelas caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Chronic infections discussed include vestibulitis, lupus vulgaris, syphilis, and rosacea. Benign tumors mentioned are papillomas and keratoacanthomas. Traumatic injuries to the nose like fractures and septal hematomas are also outlined.
Dns (Deviated Nasal Septum) | SurgicoMed.com
Any deviation in the normal nasal septum is called DNS (Deviated Nasal Septum).
Deviated Nasal Septum may be caused by mechanical trauma and may be
associated with some developmental defects.
Anatomy of nose and para nasal sinuses . by DR. MD. KHURSHID PERVEJ. GMC PATIALA
ANATOMY OF NOSE AND PARA NASAL SINUSES
BY DR. MD. KHURSHID PERVEJ
GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, PATIALA. PUNJAB
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including causes, examination, and treatment. It notes that epistaxis is common but rarely life-threatening. The nasal blood supply and local/systemic causes of epistaxis are outlined. Treatment depends on the location and severity, ranging from direct pressure to nasal packing or radiologic embolization. Proper examination, identification of bleeding sources, and follow-up care are emphasized.
how to stop nose bleeding.docx
This document provides information on how to treat and prevent nosebleeds. It discusses the causes of nosebleeds, which can include dry air, injuries, medications, and medical conditions. It describes two types of nosebleeds - anterior and posterior - and explains the symptoms and risks of each. The document outlines several home remedies to stop active nosebleeds, such as pinching the nose and applying cold compresses. It also gives tips to prevent future nosebleeds through staying hydrated, using saline spray, and eating foods rich in vitamins K and C. Lastly, it indicates when nosebleeds requires medical attention, such as if bleeding lasts over 30 minutes or occurs with additional concerning symptoms.
Nose problems
Dr. Ornouma Sriwanishvipat at Yanhee International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand treats various nose problems including nasal obstruction, nasal polyps, and cosmetic rhinoplasty. Common procedures performed are septoplasty to straighten a deviated septum and functional endoscopic sinus surgery to clear sinuses and remove polyps without external incisions. The document also provides details on nasal anatomy, functions, common nasal issues like polyps, deviated septums, and their treatments.
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NASAL POLYPS
Nasal polyps are non-cancerous masses of swollen nasal or sinus mucosa. There are two main types: bilateral ethmoidal polyps and antrochoanal polyps. Bilateral ethmoidal polyps commonly arise from inflammatory conditions like rhinosinusitis or disorders of ciliary motility. Antrochoanal polyps originate from the maxillary sinus near its opening and grow into the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, loss of smell, headache and discharge. Signs include pale grape-like masses seen on nasal examination. Treatment involves polypectomy or endoscopic sinus surgery. Recurrence is less common for antrochoanal polyps if completely removed from their
6. otitis externa
This document provides information about otitis externa (OE), including:
1) OE is an inflammation of the external ear canal caused most often by bacterial infection, but sometimes fungi or viruses. Risk factors include water exposure, trauma from cotton swabs, and eczema.
2) Symptoms include ear pain, fullness, discharge, and hearing loss. Examination reveals erythema and tenderness of the ear canal.
3) Treatment involves cleaning the ear canal and using topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, or antifungals depending on the cause. Imaging is not usually needed but may help identify complications like mastoiditis.
NASAL BONE FRACTURE
Nasal bone fractures are the most common facial trauma because the nose protrudes from the face. A frontal or lateral force can cause a nasal bone fracture depending on the magnitude. There are two main types - depressed fractures which result from a frontal blow causing the nasal bones to collapse inward, and angulated fractures from a lateral force which cause deviation of the nasal bridge. Clinical features include nasal swelling, bruising around the eyes, tenderness, deformity, and occasionally nosebleeds or nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is usually made through physical exam but x-rays can help show the fracture, though may sometimes miss it. Treatment depends on if there is displacement - non-displaced fractures may need no treatment, while displaced
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
1. Epistaxis is bleeding from the nasal cavity and can occur in all age groups, though it is most common in children and young adults. The nasal cavity has a rich blood supply making it prone to bleeding.
2. Common causes of anterior epistaxis include local trauma, inflammation, infections, and physiological factors like climate. Systemic causes include hypertension, liver/kidney disease, and coagulation disorders.
3. Treatment begins with first aid and locating the bleeding site. Definitive treatments include chemical or electrocautery, vasoconstrictor sprays, and anterior nasal packing. Refractory epist
Dental Anatomy
This document summarizes the anatomy and development of permanent and deciduous (baby) teeth. It notes that humans have 32 permanent teeth which replace the 20 deciduous teeth between ages 5-11 years. Each tooth consists of a crown, root, pulp cavity containing nerves and blood vessels, dentin layer, and enamel or cementum coatings. Teeth are anchored in the jawbone by periodontal ligaments. The document also briefly discusses common dental diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and their symptoms.
Chronic otitis media
This document discusses chronic otitis media, including tubotympanic and atticoantral types. Tubotympanic type is a safe inflammation of the middle ear lining, while atticoantral type involves a cholesteatoma sac. Symptoms include ear discharge and deafness. Examination may reveal perforations or debris in the ear canal. Investigations include culture, endoscopy and imaging. Management involves medical treatment like cleaning or antibiotics, with surgery for more severe cases like mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty.
Foreign body nose
Children and even mentally retarded adults have the tendency to have habit of putting Foreign Bodies in their Nose themselves or by others. However treating surgeons are likely to forget nasal packs and splints as well.
Embryology of face
The document discusses the embryology of the face, beginning with formation of the three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. It describes how the pharyngeal arches and pouches form and their derivatives. Facial development involves outgrowths from the frontonasal process and mandibular arches. Nasal placodes form and sink to become nasal pits. The mandibular processes fuse to form the lower lip and jaw, while maxillary processes fuse with other structures to form the upper lip.
ANATOMY OF NOSE
The nose has an external triangular pyramid shape directed downward with two nostrils separated by a septum. Internally, the nasal cavity is lined by ciliated epithelium and contains three turbinates and paranasal sinuses. The nasal septum separates the two nasal cavities and has attachments to the maxilla, frontal bone, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. Arterial blood supply comes from the maxillary and sphenopalatine arteries while nerve supply is from the trigeminal and vidian nerves. The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses.
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
- The blood supply and common bleeding sites in the nose, especially Little's area.
- Causes of epistaxis including local factors like trauma, infections, and tumors as well as general factors like hypertension.
- Differences between anterior and posterior nosebleeds.
- Management approaches like first aid, cauterization, nasal packing, and ligation of arteries in severe cases.
- Measures like bed rest, monitoring, antibiotics, and treating underlying causes are also important.
Nose anatomy and physiology
This ppt contains anatomy and physiology of Nose and Paranasal sinuses, tried to explain all the structures with the help of CT scans.
Tooth numbering system
This document provides an overview of tooth numbering systems and anatomical landmarks. It describes the primary and permanent dentition, including their numbers, eruption patterns and dental formulas. Two common numbering systems are described for each - the Universal system and FDI system for primary and permanent teeth. Key anatomical features are defined, including crowns, roots, surfaces, ridges, grooves, lobes and line/point angles. The document serves as a comprehensive guide to dental anatomy terminology.
Anatomy of external nose by av sharma
The external nose has an osteocartilaginous framework covered by muscles and skin. It consists of bony and cartilaginous parts. The bony part makes up the upper one third and includes the nasal bones, frontal processes of the maxillae, and nasal part of the frontal bone. The cartilaginous part makes up the lower two thirds and contains various cartilages like the upper lateral, greater alar, lesser alar, and septal nasal cartilages. The external nose also contains muscles that elevate, depress, compress, and dilate the nose and nostrils. It is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries as well as branches of
Parotitis
Parotitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection, resulting in swelling, redness, and soreness of the glands and surrounding tissues. There are four main types: acute bacterial parotitis, which causes erythema, pain, swelling, tenderness and pus discharge from the gland; chronic recurrent parotitis; viral parotitis; and recurrent parotitis in children. Symptoms include bad taste, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, face pain, fever, swelling in the jaw, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing in severe cases.
ENT emergencies
Diana Harbuz provides a summary of common ENT issues including:
1. Mastoiditis, otitis externa, perichondritis, and haematoma in the ears section.
2. Epistaxis and sinusitis/meningitis/CSF rhinorrhoea in the nose section.
3. Peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscesses, Ludwigs angina, laryngomalacia, and angiooedema in the throat section.
4. Emergency management of laryngectomy/tracheostomy patients, parotitis, and facial cellulitis referral guidelines in the head and neck
NASAL SEPTAL DISEASES
DISEASES AND DEFECTS OF NASAL SEPTUM
FRACTURE OF NASAL SEPTUM
DNS
NASAL HEMATOMA
NASAL ABCESS
NASAL SYNECHIA
SEPTAL PERFORATION
Ext nose
The document discusses various conditions that can affect the external nose, including infections, tumors, and traumatic injuries. It covers acute infections like vestibulitis and erysipelas caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Chronic infections discussed include vestibulitis, lupus vulgaris, syphilis, and rosacea. Benign tumors mentioned are papillomas and keratoacanthomas. Traumatic injuries to the nose like fractures and septal hematomas are also outlined.
Dns (Deviated Nasal Septum) | SurgicoMed.com
Any deviation in the normal nasal septum is called DNS (Deviated Nasal Septum).
Deviated Nasal Septum may be caused by mechanical trauma and may be
associated with some developmental defects.
Anatomy of nose and para nasal sinuses . by DR. MD. KHURSHID PERVEJ. GMC PATIALA
ANATOMY OF NOSE AND PARA NASAL SINUSES
BY DR. MD. KHURSHID PERVEJ
GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, PATIALA. PUNJAB
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including causes, examination, and treatment. It notes that epistaxis is common but rarely life-threatening. The nasal blood supply and local/systemic causes of epistaxis are outlined. Treatment depends on the location and severity, ranging from direct pressure to nasal packing or radiologic embolization. Proper examination, identification of bleeding sources, and follow-up care are emphasized.
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Anatomy of nose and para nasal sinuses . by DR. MD. KHURSHID PERVEJ. GMC PATIALA
Anatomy of nose and para nasal sinuses . by DR. MD. KHURSHID PERVEJ. GMC PATIALA
Similar to Nasal Injuries
how to stop nose bleeding.docx
This document provides information on how to treat and prevent nosebleeds. It discusses the causes of nosebleeds, which can include dry air, injuries, medications, and medical conditions. It describes two types of nosebleeds - anterior and posterior - and explains the symptoms and risks of each. The document outlines several home remedies to stop active nosebleeds, such as pinching the nose and applying cold compresses. It also gives tips to prevent future nosebleeds through staying hydrated, using saline spray, and eating foods rich in vitamins K and C. Lastly, it indicates when nosebleeds requires medical attention, such as if bleeding lasts over 30 minutes or occurs with additional concerning symptoms.
Nose problems
Dr. Ornouma Sriwanishvipat at Yanhee International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand treats various nose problems including nasal obstruction, nasal polyps, and cosmetic rhinoplasty. Common procedures performed are septoplasty to straighten a deviated septum and functional endoscopic sinus surgery to clear sinuses and remove polyps without external incisions. The document also provides details on nasal anatomy, functions, common nasal issues like polyps, deviated septums, and their treatments.
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ORAL SURGERY( FRACTURE)
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Epistaxis, or a nosebleed, occurs when blood vessels inside the nose become injured or damaged, causing bleeding from the nostril. The majority of nosebleeds originate from the front of the nose but can also occasionally come from further back. Nosebleeds are generally caused by local trauma, infections, medications, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment depends on the location and severity of the bleeding but may involve cauterization, nasal packing, medications to constrict blood vessels, or further procedures if bleeding does not stop. At home care focuses on rest, limiting straining, and preventing rebleeding.
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This document discusses various types of maxillofacial, ophthalmic, dental, and neck trauma. It covers the anatomy and physiology of these areas, common injuries including fractures, lacerations, and foreign bodies. Management priorities include airway control, bleeding control, spinal motion restriction, and rapid transport to a trauma center. Facial fractures include mandibular, maxillary, and LeFort patterns. Eye injuries require careful examination and irrigation. Dental trauma emphasizes finding and stabilizing avulsed teeth. Neck trauma zones and signs of vascular or airway injury are outlined.
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This document provides information on nasal fractures, including:
- Nasal fractures are the most common facial fracture, caused by physical assaults, falls, motor vehicle accidents, or contact sports.
- Left untreated, nasal fractures can lead to long-term deformities, obstruction, and other complications. Proper evaluation and management can reduce these risks.
- Evaluation involves history, examination of external and internal nasal structures, and sometimes imaging like x-rays or CT scans.
- Initial treatment focuses on controlling bleeding and drainage. Closed reduction is preferred but open reduction may be needed for severe fractures.
- Proper timing of reduction is important to realign fragments before fibrous tissue forms. Anest
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The document discusses deviated nasal septums, including the causes, types, clinical features, and treatment options. It describes how a deviated septum occurs when the nasal septum is shifted from the midline position, which can cause nasal obstruction and other issues. Surgical procedures like submucous resection and septoplasty are commonly used to correct deviated septums by removing the deflected parts of the bony and cartilaginous septum and repositioning nasal tissues.
What is Deviated Nasal Septum
A deviated nasal septum is a condition where the thin wall (septum) that separates the two nasal passages is displaced to one side. The septum is made up of bone and cartilage and when it deviates, it can block one or both nasal passages, making it difficult to breathe.
Introduction to sinus
Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses caused by infection, allergies, or blockages. Acute sinusitis lasts less than 4 weeks while chronic sinusitis persists over 12 weeks. Symptoms include nasal congestion, headache, facial pain, and reduced sense of smell. Diagnosis involves physical exam, x-rays, or CT scan. Treatment depends on cause but may include saline rinses, decongestants, antibiotics, steroids, or surgery to improve drainage if drug therapy is ineffective. Complications can include bone infections, eye or brain infections if not properly treated.
Dental Presentation E.N.T.
The document discusses various topics related to clinical nasal slides and dental students including:
1. The anatomy of the external nasal skeleton, nasal septum, nasal turbinates, and paranasal sinuses.
2. Conditions affecting the nose, palate, and paranasal sinuses including cleft lip and palate, sinusitis, nasal fractures, and nasal tumors.
3. Radiographic images showing dental and jaw fractures, cysts, tumors, and infections affecting the maxillary sinus and their relationship to dental issues.
The septum
Developmental disorders of the nasal septum are rare, occurring in about 1 in 10,000 births. The septum can be involved in conditions like choanal atresia, congenital midline nasal masses, and cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip and palate are among the most common birth defects involving the septum. Septal trauma is also very common and can cause issues like septal hematomas, abscesses, and fractures. Physical examination of the nose includes inspecting the septum and nasal cavity to diagnose septal pathology. Conditions like deviations, perforations, and structural deformities can be identified. Septoplasty is often performed to correct significant septal abnormalities that cause nasal obstruction or other symptoms
Maxillary Sinus
The document discusses the maxillary sinus, including its functions, structure, development, vascular and nerve supply, diseases, and sinusitis. The maxillary sinus (also called the antrum of Highmore) is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. It is pyramidal in shape and located behind the cheekbone. Sinusitis occurs when the sinuses become blocked and inflamed, usually due to a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pain, and headaches. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT scans. Treatment involves medications like antibiotics, decongestants, corticosteroids, and surgery if medications are not effective.
Nose Doctor In Ropar
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This document summarizes information about sinusitis, including:
- Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses caused by blocked sinus drainage and can be acute or chronic.
- Symptoms include facial pain, headache, congestion, and loss of smell.
- It is typically caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or structural issues and can be diagnosed through examination and imaging tests.
- Treatment involves antibiotics, decongestants, surgery in some cases, and yoga is proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment.
Café
The document summarizes several common ear, nose, and throat conditions. It describes conditions such as otitis media (ear infections), glue ear (buildup of fluid behind the eardrum), ear wax buildup, swimmer's ear (infection from water in the ear canal), Meniere's disease (inner ear disorder causing dizziness), sinus issues, nasal polyps, deviated septum, empty nose syndrome, nosebleeds, acne, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, skin cancer, psoriasis, tooth decay, gum disease, mouth sores, bad breath, and tooth erosion. It provides brief descriptions of the symptoms and causes for each condition.
Epistaxis 2 copy.pptxekekekekkekekekekekek
This document provides information about epistaxis (nosebleed) including its definition, anatomy, causes, sites of bleeding, and treatment. It defines epistaxis as bleeding from the tissue lining the inside of the nose. The main blood vessels involved are the anterior ethmoidal, greater palatine, and sphenopalatine arteries. Causes can be local (e.g. trauma, tumors) or general (e.g. hypertension, liver disease). The most common site of bleeding is the nasal septum in Little's area. Treatment involves immediate measures like pressure and packing as well as longer term options like cauterization.
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Assessment for learning
The document discusses using assessment for learning (formative assessment) to improve student learning culture and academic achievement. It recommends focusing on assessment for learning in the upcoming year by incorporating self-assessment and reflection activities into formal tasks to promote student responsibility for learning and boost outcomes, especially for lower and middle ability students. Research shows significant learning gains can result from this approach.
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Exam Technique
This document provides study tips for exam preparation, including active study techniques like testing yourself on notes, completing practice questions under exam conditions, and explaining notes out loud. It emphasizes that visual organization like mind maps is more effective for memory than lists of notes. Multiple choice and extended response exam questions are discussed, with tips to read questions carefully, eliminate incorrect answers, and plan extended responses by breaking questions down into their requirements. Active study of key points, checking against notes, and repetition are recommended for memory. Time management strategies include considering a plan of attack, such as answering higher mark questions first to avoid running out of time.
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Y O U T H
This newspaper article discusses findings from a survey of 600 Australian youth aged 10-17 that show declining rates of drug and alcohol use and fewer youth having sex at younger ages. Specifically, the survey found marijuana use decreased from 36% to 23% from 2003 to 2007, while cigarette smoking declined slightly. Fewer youth were sexually active before age 16, down from over three-quarters to less than two-thirds. Members of a NSW Youth Advisory Council attribute the trends to increased education and awareness, allowing youth to make more informed decisions about their health and relationships.
HGH
1. The growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain and stimulates the growth of muscle, cartilage, and bone.
2. Sports like weightlifting and baseball where short bursts of power and strength are important are more likely to use HGH, as it increases muscle size and allows muscles to recover faster, enabling more training.
3. HGH was first banned from sports by the International Olympic Committee in 1989.
EPO
EPO is a performance-enhancing drug that stimulates red blood cell creation, increasing oxygen levels in the body. It allows athletes in endurance sports like cycling and running to maintain steady breathing and not slow down or stop during long distance events. While originally developed to treat medical conditions causing anemia, athletes use EPO to enhance performance and chances of winning. However, EPO is dangerous as it raises hematocrit levels, thickening the blood and risking strokes, heart attacks, and clogged capillaries.
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Blood doping is a procedure that increases the number of red blood cells in the body to enhance athletic performance and endurance. It works by allowing more oxygen to be carried to the muscles. Potential side effects include kidney damage, blood infections, heart problems, blood clots, and jaundice. Blood doping is mainly used in long distance endurance events like long distance running and cross country skiing to help athletes maintain performance for longer periods.
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The document summarizes different types of injuries including bruises, abrasions, incisions, lacerations, avulsions, puncture wounds, and embedded objects. For each injury type, it describes the signs, symptoms, and initial first aid management which generally involves stopping bleeding, cleaning the wound, applying pressure and elevation, immobilizing the injured area, reassuring the patient, and seeking further medical help if needed.
Tooth Injuries
Tooth injuries can occur from falls, accidents, and other incidents, causing teeth to chip, crack, become partially dislodged, or removed from the socket entirely. Signs of injuries include visible damage, tooth discoloration after a concussion, and pain when tapped. Fractures may cause sensitivity to hot/cold and increased pain. Management depends on the injury - avulsed teeth should be gently cleaned and replaced in the socket if possible, or stored in liquid; chipped teeth fragments should be saved and the patient seen by a dentist; and loosened or displaced teeth should be stabilized in the proper position with a splint or pressure until dental care can be received.
Eye Injuries
Eye injuries can occur from direct trauma, chemical contamination, infection, allergies, or other medical conditions. Some common signs of eye injuries include pain, redness, blurred vision, swelling and watering. The treatment for an eye injury depends on its cause but generally involves flushing the injured eye with water and seeking immediate medical attention to prevent further damage.
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This document provides an overview of epilepsy, including signs and symptoms, what causes it, and how it is managed. Epilepsy is a common neurological condition where the normal electrical activity in the brain is disrupted, causing seizures. There are two main types of seizures - partial seizures where the seizure activity starts in one area of the brain, and generalized seizures where the seizure activity involves the whole brain. Management strategies include medication, lifestyle changes, and first aid response during seizures.
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June 14, 2024Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
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Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
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