This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, its applications, opportunities, and challenges. It discusses how nanotechnology can be applied in electronics, medicine, materials, food, space, transportation, and other industries. Some key opportunities include developing new drug delivery methods, lighter stronger materials, more efficient solar cells and batteries. Challenges include safety concerns over particle inhalation, high costs, and ensuring benefits are realized. The future of nanotechnology remains uncertain but it could help solve major problems if developed responsibly with consideration for its societal impacts.

1. BY
APURV TANAY VERMA
MECHANICAL ENGG.

2. • WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY.
• APPLICATIONS.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH &
MEDICINE.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MATERIAL &
MANUFACTURING.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SPACE.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
CONSTRUCTION.
• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
TRANSPORTATION.
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.
• CHALLENGES.
• FUTURE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• SUMMARY.
•
CONTENTSCONTENTS

3. Nanotechnology is the creation of USEFUL/FUNCTIONAL
materials, devices and systems through control of matter
on the nanometer length scale and exploitation of novel
phenomena and properties (physical, chemical, biological)
at that length scale.
“If I were asked for an area of science and
engineering that will most likely produce
the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would
point to nanoscale science and engineering.”
-Neal Lane
Former Assistant to the President for Science
And Technology

4. • Space.
• Medicine.
• Electronics.
• Food.
• Fuel Cells.
• Solar Cells.
• Batteries.
• Fuels.
• Better Air Quality.
• Cleaner Water.
• Chemical Sensors.
• Fabric.

5. • Integrated circuits built with nanotube transistors.
• Using electrodes made from nanowires .
• Display technologies & Quantum computing.
• Using nano-sized magnetic rings to make
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) .
• Developing molecular-sized transistor withthe width of
transistor gates to approximately one nm.
• Using self-aligning nanostructures to
manufacture nanoscale integrated circuits.
• Using nanowires to build transistors without
p-n junctions.
• Higher transmission frequencies and more efficient
utilization of optical spectrum to provide at least 10
times the bandwidth now.

6. • Computers and the industries around themare set to be
advanced a furthergiant step with the application of
nanotechnology.
• Nanotechnology gives scope to develop new ideas and
methods of running super-fast processors, storing data,
and many othercomputational advances.
• Nanotechnology also allows fornew
applications which require more
processing power, orto be smaller,
orless energy intensive.

7. • Expanding ability to characterize
genetic makeup will revolutionize the
specificity of diagnostics and
therapeutics
- Nano devices can make gene
sequencing more efficient.
• Effective and less expensive health
care using remote and in-vivo devices.
• New formulations and routes
for drug delivery, optimal drug
usage.
• More durable, rejection-
resistant artificial tissues and
organs.
• Sensors for early detection
and prevention.
Nanotube-based
biosensor for
cancer diagnostics

8. Ability to synthesize nanoscale building
blocks with control on size, composition etc.
Further assembling into larger structures with
designed properties will revolutionize materials
manufacturing.
- Manufacturing metals, ceramics, polymers,
etc. at exact shapes without machining
- Lighter, stronger and programmable
materials.
- Lower failure rates and reduced
life-cycle costs.
- Bio-inspired materials.
- Multifunctional, adaptive materials.
- Self-healing materials.

9. Advanced nano-materials
such as the newly
developed, isotopically
enriched boron nanotubes
could pave the path to
future spacecraft with
nano-sensor-integrated
hulls that provide effective
radiation shielding as well
as energy storage.

10. • Cooking oil, teas.
• ‘Health’ supplements and diet products.
• Colour and nutritional additives for soft drinks, dairy and
bakery products.
• Food processing aids.
• Long-life packaging.
• Antibacterial kitchenware.
• Fertilisers, pesticides and agrochemicals

11. Nanotechnology has the potential to make
construction faster, cheaper, safer, and more
varied. Automation of nanotechnology
construction can allow for the creation of
structures from advanced homes to massive
skyscrapers much more quickly and at much lower
cost.
• Applications in –
1.Steel.
2.Cement.
3.Glass.
4.Coating.

12. • Thermal barrier and wear resistant coatings.
• High strength, light weight composites for
increasing fuel efficiency.
• High temperature sensors for ‘under the hood’.
• Improved displays.
• Battery technology.
• Wear-resistant tires.
• Automated highways.

13. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Nanotechnology can
actually revolutionize a lot
of electronic products,
procedures, and
applications.
 Nanotechnology can also
benefit the energy sector.
 Another industry that
can benefit from
nanotechnology is the
manufacturing sector.
 In the medical world,
nanotechnology is also
seen as a boon since these
can help with creating what
is called smart drugs.
 Its development is the
possible loss of jobs in the
traditional farming and
manufacturing industry.
 Atomic weapons can now be
more accessible and made to be
more powerful and more
destructive.
 Since these particles are very
small, problems can actually
arise from the inhalation of
these
 Minute particles, much like
the problems a person gets from
inhaling minute asbestos
particles.
 Presently, nanotechnology is
very expensive and developing it
can cost you a lot of money.

14. • Lots of nano-science now, some nice nanotechnology; more
emphasis on technology development and participation
from engineering communities are needed.
• People do not buy technology; they buy products
- Robust product development is critical to realize the
potential.
- Early and periodic wins, a must to
keep investor confidence
high.
• Recognition of
nano-micro-macro
hierarchy
in product development.
Source: UC Berkeley

15. • Need some sanity in issuing patents
• Given the long term nature of the technology and payoffs in terms
of job creation and economic returns,
- Lack of patience from Federal Government will kill the field .
- But history indicates, Federal agencies have been responsible
for numerous technology wins in the last 50 years.
- So, ignore the hype and stay the course for the long run.
• Venture community behavior will determine the fate
- Lack of patience will hurt the startup activities
- Indiscriminate investment like in the dotcom days will seal the
field.
• Educating future generation scientists and engineers.

16. The future of nanotechnology is completely uncharted
territory. There is the possibility that the future of
nanotechnology is very bright, that this will be the one
science of the future that no other science can live
without. There is also a chance that this is the science
that will make the world highly uncomfortable with
the potential power to transform the world.
 This technology could end world hunger. At the same
time, this process could lead to experimental
molecular manufacturing with live beings.
 The future of nanotechnology could improve the
outlook for medical patients with serious illnesses or
injuries.

17. • Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that will impact
electronics and computing, materials and manufacturing, energy,
transportation.
• The field is interdisciplinary but everything starts with material
science. Challenges include:
- Novel synthesis techniques
- Characterization of nanoscale properties
- Large scale production of materials
- Application development
• Opportunities and rewards are great and hence, tremendous
worldwide interest.
• Integration of this emerging field into engineering and science
curriculum is important to prepare the future generation of
scientists and engineers.

18. • www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• Nanotechnology White Paper(by Office
of Science Advisor).
• Managing the Effects of
NANOTECHNOLOGY
(by J. Clarence Davies)