Nanotechnology involves creating and manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale. It can produce materials with novel properties due to their small size. The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in areas like engineering, medicine, textiles and more. It also describes techniques for synthesizing and characterizing nanomaterials, such as top-down methods that break down bulk materials and bottom-up methods that build materials up atom by atom.

1. PLAR - Nanotechnology Nanotechnology – an overview PL. Arunachalam, Diploma in Computer Engineering Thiagarajar polytechnic college Salem.

2. Synopsis Introduction Applications Synthesis of nanomaterials Characterization and detection techniques Concluding remarks PLAR - Nanotechnology

3. Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices, and systems through control of matter on an atomic or molecular scale. The creation and use of structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size. DEFINITION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY PLAR - Nanotechnology

4. BEST COMPARSION PLAR - Nanotechnology

5. PLAR - Nanotechnology “ I can hardly doubt that when we have some control of the arrangement of things ON A SMALL SCALE we will get an enormously greater range of possible properties that substances can have.” … .. R. FEYNMAN California Institute of Technology, December 26, 1959 atom by atom. maneuvering

6. Atomic domains (grains, layers or phases) spatially confined to 100nm in at least one dimension Zero dimension – clusters of aspect ratio 1 to infinity – Quantum dots One dimension – Multilayers – Nanowires, CNT (Carbon nano tubes) Two dimension – Ultrafine-grained over layers (coatings) Three dimension – Nanophase materials NANOMATERIALS – DEFN. & CLASSIFICATION PLAR - Nanotechnology

7. UNIQUENESS OF NANOMATERIALS Grains, pores, interface thickness and defects are of similar dimensions. Nanomaterials have a large surface area but their volume is very small. Improve mechanical properties (increased strength, toughness etc.,) High melting point compounds. PLAR - Nanotechnology

8. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH REQUIRED PLAR - Nanotechnology Engineering Physical Sciences Bioscience NANOTECHNOLOGY

9. FIELDS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY PLAR - Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Nanomedicine Nanobiotechnology Nanolithography Nanoelectronics Nanomagnetics Nano Biodevices NEMS (nano electro mechanical sys) Nano Biomimetic materials Nano Pulp & Paper Technology

10. Applications of Nanomaterial Based Products PLAR - Nanotechnology Automotive industry Engineering Medicine Cosmetics Textile Sports Chemical industry Electronic industry

11. PLAR - Nanotechnology LOTUS – SELF CLEANING Water lily Super hydrophobicity - Self cleaning SEM Surface roughness – Self cleaning Rinsing with water Water drops – clean surface Applications -

12. PEACOCK FEATHER PLAR - Nanotechnology Nano structured particles Applications Colour never fade Scratch free Cleaning surface

13. PLAR - Nanotechnology Atlantic – Aprilia fuel cell bike Photovoltaic cell Fuel Cell NANOTECHNOLOGY – FUEL CELL Hydrogen

14. PLAR - Nanotechnology NANOTECHNOLOGY – COSMETIC APPLICATIONS Acne treatment Herbal liposome for cosmetic applications Before treatment After treatment Titanium oxide

15. NANO MATERIAL - OPTICAL PROPERTIES PLAR - Nanotechnology Gold (Bulk) Nano Gold colloids Au – Cancer Treatments Applications

16. PLAR - Nanotechnology NANO- TEXTILE APPLICATIONS Nano Jacket Student’s uniform Nano tie and scarf

17. PLAR - Nanotechnology Synthesis of Nanomaterials Synthesis of Nanomaterials Top - down method (Destruction) Bottom-up method (Construction)

18. Synthesis of Nanomaterials PLAR - Nanotechnology Top - Down method High energy Ball Milling Lithography Gas condensation Severe plastic deformation

19. SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS PLAR - Nanotechnology Bottom Up method Physical Vapor Deposition Chemical Vapor Deposition Plasma Processes Sol-gel Processing Soft- Lithography Self- Assembly

20. CHARACTERIZATION AND DETECTION TECHNIQUES Essential requirements for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of nanomaterials is their physical, chemical and biological properties on a nanoscale level For determination of atomic structure and chemical composition of solid or liquid nanomaterials – spectroscopic methods, X-ray and Neutron diffraction For determination of size and shape – Electron microcopies (SEM or TEM) PLAR - Nanotechnology

21. PLAR - Nanotechnology Optical Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope HIGH DEPTH OF FIELD NANOMATERIAL

22. PLAR - Nanotechnology JEM-2100F TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

23. PLAR - Nanotechnology WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AFM www.shef.ac.uk/~htsl/afm.htm Atomic Force Microscope Force Surface Atoms Tip Atoms Photo detector Laser Beam Tip Cantilever Line Scan Surface

24. CONCLUDING REMARKS PLAR - Nanotechnology Choice of nanocrystalline or nanostrucured material Application Final property requirement Grain sizes Density Porosity Choice of a suitable process Top down or bottom up approach Economics or viability Nano resisters are like papers. . . . . .

25. PLAR - Nanotechnology Thanking You pl_arun