The document discusses nanosensor technology, specifically cantilever array, nanotube, and nanowire sensors. It describes how each type of nanosensor works at the molecular level to detect various targets. Examples of applications mentioned include using cantilever arrays to detect diabetes and cancer biomarkers, nanotubes to detect molecules in liquids, and nanowires to detect single viruses or proteins. The document concludes by outlining some future challenges for improving nanosensor sensitivity and design.

1. Prathamesh V. Kolekar
Dept. Instrumentation Engg.
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,
Pune.

2.  INTRODUCTION
 NANOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY
 TYPES
 APPLICATIONS
 FUTURE CHALLENGES

3. SENSOR
•SENSES
ACTION
TRANSDUCER
•CONVERTS
I/P TO
ELECTRIC
SIGNAL
DETECTOR
•DETECTS
CHANGE
OCCURED
WHAT IS NANO SENSOR ?
NANO+SENSOR

4.  Sensors operating on the scale of atoms
and molecules
 Smaller size, lower weight, modest power
requirements
 Data storage systems

5.  PHYSICAL SENSORS
 CHEMICAL SENSORS
 BIOSENSORS
i. Bio receptors
ii. Transducers
iii. Detectors

6.  CANTILEVER ARRAY SENSORS
 NANOTUBE SENSORS
 NANOWIRE SENSORS

7.  CANTILEVER ARRAY SENSOR

8.  WORKING
BIO
CHEMICAL/PHYSIC
AL PROCESS
MICRO ELECRO
MECHANICAL
SYSTEM

9.  PRECISSION CANTILEVERS: 300 nm THICKNESS TOLERANCE
 PRECISSION RESONANCE FREQUENCY: SPECIAL CANTILEVER
MOUNT
 EASY HANDLING: VERTICAL CHIP SIDEWALLS, OPTIONAL NON
STICKING
 CONTAMINATION FREE STORAGE

10.  SIZE / SHAPE
RECTANGULAR SHAPED SILICON BARS
DUOSENSIS SENSORS (2 CANTILEVERS PER CHIP)
OCTOSENSIS SENSORS (8 CANTILEVERS PER CHIP)

11.  FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Small amounts of acetone in a patient’s breath can be detected by cantilever
array sensor technique which may attribute to early diagnosis of diabetes
mellitus.
 FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIAS,FUNGI,VIRUSES
antigens on cell membrane surface results in additional mass loading, ultra-
sensitively detected by the device using nanochemical oscillator
The detection sensitivity is in the order of a single bacterium corresponding to a
mass of ~1 pg

12.  FOR CANCER DIAGNOSIS
When the cancer-associated molecules bind to the cantilevers, changes in
surface tension cause the cantilever to bend
The mass detection limitation of NEMS cantilevers is improved to the enumeration
of a single DNA molecule consisting of ~1600 base pairs and weighing ~1 ag
(atto = 10^18).

13.  NANOTUBE SENSOR

14.  SIZE / SHAPE
coated with strands of DNA
could detect molecules on the order of one
part per million

15.  PLATFORM
The Nano sensors could sniff molecules out of the air or
taste them in a liquid, suggesting applications ranging
from domestic security to medical detectors.

16.  FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITARING
ENZYME GLUCOSE OXIDASE IS NON-COVALENTLY ATTACHED
BRINGS CATALYSATION OF GLUCOSE YIELDING HYDROGEN-
PEROXIDE
ENZYME IMMOBILISATION ALLOWS FLOW OF CURRENT

17.  NANO WIRE SENSOR

18.  STRUCTURE
DNA(DETECTOR)
NANOTUBE(TRANSMITTER)
SINGLE
STRANDED
DNA
CARBON
NANOTUBE
NANOWIRE

19.  DETECTION OF SINGLE VIRUS
NANOWIRES CONFIGURED AS A FET
DETECTION OF SINGLE VIRUS ON RECEPTORS CHANGES
CONDUCTANCE
NANOSIZED WIRE REQUIRED FOR HIGH SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO

20.  DETECTION OF BIOMOLECULE

21. SILICON NANOWIRE USED FOR
DETECTION OF PROTEIN KINASE VIZ CAUSE OF CHRONIC
LEUKEMIA
SILICON Nano sensor WITH PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID DISTINGUISHES
BETWEEN THESE MOLECULES

22.  TO IMPROVE SENSITIVITY OF CANTILEVER Nano sensor
 UNWANTED BIOFOULING (DETECTION OF NON-ADSORBING
MOLECULE)
 USUAL DESIGN PROBLEMS
 FLOW CONTROL
 RISK AND ECONOMICS