Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, generally 1 to 100 nanometers. It is an emerging field with applications in materials science, electronics, medicine and more. Some key developments include Richard Feynman's vision of molecular nanotechnology in 1959, the discovery of fullerenes in 1985, and the invention of carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanowires and quantum dots are being used in areas such as filtration, energy storage, and electronics. The future promises further advances in fields like healthcare, computing, and clean energy through nanotechnology.

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY

2. Introduction
• Nanotechnology is the study and use of
structure between 1 nanometer (nm) to 100
nanometer (nm)
1 nanometer

3. Introduction
• In recent years nanotechnology has become one of the
most important and exiting forefront fields in physics,
chemistry, biology and engineering and technology.
• Because nanotechnology is still evolving, there
doesn’t seem to be any one definition that everybody
agrees on.
• The ability to see nano sized particle is opened
up a world of possibilites in a variety of
industries and scientific endeavors

4. Understanding Size
How big (small) are we talking about?

5. Understanding Size
1 meter

6. Understanding Size
10 centimeters

7. Understanding Size
1 centimeter

8. Understanding Size
100 micrometers

9. Understanding Size
10 micrometers

10. Understanding Size
100 nanometers

11. Understanding sizes
1 nanometer

12. Size matter

13. Origins of Nanotechnology
• 300 A.D. – Roman glassmakers were
fabricating glasses containing nanosized
metals
•Lycurgus cup- British Museum in London

14. • Colourful windows of medieval cathedrals.
• Photographic recording films is an
emulsion consisting of silver
nanoparticles.

15. Dr Richard feynman
Richard feynman 1960 :
“there is a plenty of room at the bottom”

16. K. Eric Drexler - 1981
Development of the ability to
design protein molecules will
open a path to the
fabrication of devices to
complex atomic
specifications

17. what are nano materials?
structured components--size less than
100nm at least in one dimension
•one dimensional: thin films , surface
coatings
•two dimensional :nanowires , nano
tubes
•three dimensional: colloids ,quantum
dots , precipitates

18. Nano materials
• NANO POWDER: Building blocks (less than 100
nm in diameter) for more complex nanostructures
• FULLERENCE: molecule composed of carbon-
hallow sphere,ellipsoid or tube
tubespherical-bucky bal

19. Fullerenes – 1985 (1996)
Robert F. Curl Jr. Richard E. Smalley
Sir Harold W. Kroto

20. Nanotube
• Carbon
Nanotube(CNT)
- Originally,
discovered as by
products of fullerenes
and now are
considered to be the
building blocks of
future nanoscale
electronic and
mechanical devices.

21. Structure of Nanotube
• SWNT atom structures
- Basically,sheets of graphite
rolled up
into a tube as shown figure.
- The hexagonal two
dimensional lattice of graphite
is mapped on a cylinder of
radius R with various helicities
characterized by the rolling
vectors (n,m).

22. Bucky paper?
• Buckypaper -strong and lightweight-
manufactured - compressed carbon
nanotubes.
• When stacked and compressed -500
times stronger than steel, at one-tenth of
the weight. In this arrangement, the
current-carrying capacity is remarkably
high.
• Bucky paper -excellent thermal
conductivity and low optical reflectivity.

23. Applications for Buckypaper
• Computer and television displays
•Materials for building cars, airplanes and
machinery
•Protection against lightning
•Protection against electromagnetic
pulses (EMP)
•Electrodes for batteries, fuel cells and
capacitors
•Thermal heat sinks for electronic and
computer equipment

24. Manufacturing
Phyiscal Vapour Deposition
This describes a variety of methods of deposition thin films
by condensation of a vapourised form of a material onto
various surfaces under high vaccum conditioner. The
coating method involves purely physical process rather
than any chemical reaction.
Types of PVD:
Evaporative deposition
Sputter deposition

25. Evaporation

27. APPLICATIONS
• It produces a nano-size robotic arm
capable of manipulating atoms and
molecules into useful products.
•Nanotechnology promises to make lives
healthy and wealthy without consuming
natural resources or spewing pollution into the
environment.
• Nano technology will create filtration systems that will
scrub the toxins from the air and water.

28. • The medical application of nanotechnology might even allow
us to adapt our body for survival in space.
• Nano-machines like nano-robots and nano-
tubes find immense utility in various fields of
medical and technological research.
• Using nanotechnology we can design an intelligent
polymorphic material like human body, consists of
trillion of microscopic but act in accordance with
information processing in utility fog.

29. • Carbon nanotubes are the basic material for constructing
the electronic devices of nano-size. Nano tube field-effect
Transistors are the basic building blocks of integrated
circuits
• Nano technology supports multi
disciplinary insights of chemistry, physics,
biology and computers. Nano tube FET
•Artificial inorganic and organic nanoscale
materials can be introduced into cells to play
roles in diagnostics.

30. • Nano technology supports Retinal implants are in development
to restore vision by electrically stimulating functional neurons in the
retina
• The nanotechnology promises many applications in the field of
Materials and Manufacturing, Nano-electronics and Computer
Technology, Health and Medicine, Aeronautics and Space
Exploration, Environment and Energy, National Security.
•Drug delivery systems are being designed using nano-particles
to deliver medicine to specific parts of the body.

31. advantages
• Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of
electronic products
• Nanotechnology can also benefit the energy
sector. The development of more effective
• Another industry that can benefit from
nanotechnology is the manufacturing sector that
will need materials like nanotubes
• Some of the nanoparticles such zinc oxide and
titanium dioxide have been included in sunscreen.

32. disadvantages

33. Future developments
Information and communication technology:
Nanotechnology will be critical to solving challenges faced
by the ICT industry
energy
It is expected that major forthcoming benefits of
nanotechnology will be reaped from its gaint potential
Healthcare
Nanotechnology holds enormous potential to
revolutionise healthcare

34. Conclusion
Though nanomaterials were existing ,only now we
have realized that they are very different and
hence important .In 20 years or so all devices and
computers chips will be nanodevices. Several
universities have started cources on
nanotechnology.