This document summarizes a paper that points out a major error in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper on special relativity. Specifically, it shows that Einstein's assumption that the time coordinate of a moving clock (τ2) can be expressed as a function of the time (t) and spatial (x) coordinates of a stationary system is incorrect. An alternative derivation is presented that expresses τ2 in terms of t, x, the velocity (v) of the moving system, and other variables. This challenges one of the foundational assumptions of Einstein's original formulation of special relativity.
The branch of optics that addresses the limiting case λ0 → 0, is known as Geometrical Optics, since in this approximation the optical laws may be formulated in the language of geometry.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics Folder.
SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH INVERSELY QUADRATIC HELLMANN PLUS ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values obtained.
The branch of optics that addresses the limiting case λ0 → 0, is known as Geometrical Optics, since in this approximation the optical laws may be formulated in the language of geometry.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics Folder.
SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH INVERSELY QUADRATIC HELLMANN PLUS ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values obtained.
On Application of Unbounded Hilbert Linear Operators in Quantum MechanicsBRNSS Publication Hub
This research work presents an important Banach space in functional analysis which is known and called
Hilbert space. We verified the crucial operations in this space and their applications in physics, particularly
in quantum mechanics. The operations are restricted to the unbounded linear operators densely defined
in Hilbert space which is the case of prime interest in physics, precisely in quantum machines. Precisely,
we discuss the role of unbounded linear operators in quantum mechanics, particularly, in the study of
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, time-independent Schrödinger equation, Harmonic oscillation, and
finally, the application of Hamilton operator. To make these analyses fruitful, the knowledge of Hilbert
spaces was first investigated followed by the spectral theory of unbounded operators, which are claimed
to be densely defined in Hilbert space. Consequently, the theory of probability is also employed to study
some systems since the operators used in studying these systems are only dense in H (i.e., they must (or
probably) be in the domain of H defined by L2 ( ) −∞,+∞ ).
Application of Schrodinger Equation to particle in one Dimensional Box: Energ...limbraj Ravangave
It is very interesting application of Schrodinger equation.. we find the solution to Schrodinger equation for particle moving under some type of interaction. the motion of particle in one dimensional box is to and fro motion in uniform potential. the problem is explore in easy way and better for understanding to the students.
visit our blog
https://elearnerphysics.blogspot.com/
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
____________________________________________________________
STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Lecture Series by
Agathoklis Giaralis, Ph.D., M.ASCE., P.E. City, University of London
Visiting Professor Sapienza University of Rome
The Einstein field equation in terms of the Schrödinger equationVasil Penchev
The Einstein field equation (EFE) can be directly linked to the Schrödinger equation (SE) by meditation of the quantity of quantum information and its units: qubits
•
One qubit is an “atom” both of Hilbert space and Minkovski space underlying correspondingly quantum mechanics and special relativity
•
Pseudo-Riemannian space of general relativity being “deformed” Minkowski space therefore consists of “deformed” qubits directly referring to the eventual “deformation” of Hilbert space
Solution of Fractional Order Stokes´ First EquationIJRES Journal
Fractional sine transform and Laplace transform are used for solving the Stokes` first problem with
ractional derivative, where the fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense of orderm1 m.
The solution of classical problem for Stokes` first problem has been obtained as limiting case.
Anti-Synchronization Of Four-Scroll Chaotic Systems Via Sliding Mode Control IJITCA Journal
In this paper, new results are derived for the anti-synchronization of identical Liu-Chen four-scroll chaotic systems (Liu and Chen, 2004) and identical Lü-Chen-Cheng four-scroll chaotic systems (Lü,Chen and Cheng, 2004) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the antisynchronization of identical four-scroll chaotic systems are established using sliding mode control and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve anti-synchronization of the identical four-scroll chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the antisynchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical four-scroll systems
Dealing with Notations and conventions in tensor analysis-Einstein's summation convention covariant and contravariant and mixed tensors-algebraic operations in tensor symmetric and skew symmetric tensors-tensor calculus-Christoffel symbols-kinematics in Riemann space-Riemann-Christoffel tensor.
El 7 de noviembre de 2016, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Solitón: un concepto con extraordinaria diversidad de aplicaciones inter, trans, y multidisciplinares. Desde el mundo macroscópico al nanoscópico'.
CHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II
6.0 Partial differentials
6.1 The Schrödinger Wave Equation
6.2 Expectation Values
6.3 Infinite Square-Well Potential
6.4 Finite Square-Well Potential
6.5 Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well
6.6 Simple Harmonic Oscillator
6.7 Barriers and Tunneling in some books an extra chapter due to its technical importance
Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with ...Shu Tanaka
Our paper entitled “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" was published in Physical Review B. This work was done in collaboration with Dr. Ryo Tamura (NIMS) and Professor Naoki Kawashima (ISSP).
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
NIMSの田村亮さん、物性研の川島直輝教授との共同研究論文 “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" が Physical Review B に掲載されました。
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
We discussed most of what one wishes to learn in vector calculus at the undergraduate engineering level. Its also useful for the Physics ‘honors’ and ‘pass’ students.
This was a course I delivered to engineering first years, around 9th November 2009. But I have added contents to make it more understandable, eg I added all the diagrams and many explanations only now; 14-18th Aug 2015.
More such lectures will follow soon. Eg electromagnetism and electromagnetic waves !
On Application of Unbounded Hilbert Linear Operators in Quantum MechanicsBRNSS Publication Hub
This research work presents an important Banach space in functional analysis which is known and called
Hilbert space. We verified the crucial operations in this space and their applications in physics, particularly
in quantum mechanics. The operations are restricted to the unbounded linear operators densely defined
in Hilbert space which is the case of prime interest in physics, precisely in quantum machines. Precisely,
we discuss the role of unbounded linear operators in quantum mechanics, particularly, in the study of
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, time-independent Schrödinger equation, Harmonic oscillation, and
finally, the application of Hamilton operator. To make these analyses fruitful, the knowledge of Hilbert
spaces was first investigated followed by the spectral theory of unbounded operators, which are claimed
to be densely defined in Hilbert space. Consequently, the theory of probability is also employed to study
some systems since the operators used in studying these systems are only dense in H (i.e., they must (or
probably) be in the domain of H defined by L2 ( ) −∞,+∞ ).
Application of Schrodinger Equation to particle in one Dimensional Box: Energ...limbraj Ravangave
It is very interesting application of Schrodinger equation.. we find the solution to Schrodinger equation for particle moving under some type of interaction. the motion of particle in one dimensional box is to and fro motion in uniform potential. the problem is explore in easy way and better for understanding to the students.
visit our blog
https://elearnerphysics.blogspot.com/
PROGRAMMA ATTIVITA’ DIDATTICA A.A. 2016/17
DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN INGEGNERIA STRUTTURALE E GEOTECNICA
____________________________________________________________
STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Lecture Series by
Agathoklis Giaralis, Ph.D., M.ASCE., P.E. City, University of London
Visiting Professor Sapienza University of Rome
The Einstein field equation in terms of the Schrödinger equationVasil Penchev
The Einstein field equation (EFE) can be directly linked to the Schrödinger equation (SE) by meditation of the quantity of quantum information and its units: qubits
•
One qubit is an “atom” both of Hilbert space and Minkovski space underlying correspondingly quantum mechanics and special relativity
•
Pseudo-Riemannian space of general relativity being “deformed” Minkowski space therefore consists of “deformed” qubits directly referring to the eventual “deformation” of Hilbert space
Solution of Fractional Order Stokes´ First EquationIJRES Journal
Fractional sine transform and Laplace transform are used for solving the Stokes` first problem with
ractional derivative, where the fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense of orderm1 m.
The solution of classical problem for Stokes` first problem has been obtained as limiting case.
Anti-Synchronization Of Four-Scroll Chaotic Systems Via Sliding Mode Control IJITCA Journal
In this paper, new results are derived for the anti-synchronization of identical Liu-Chen four-scroll chaotic systems (Liu and Chen, 2004) and identical Lü-Chen-Cheng four-scroll chaotic systems (Lü,Chen and Cheng, 2004) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the antisynchronization of identical four-scroll chaotic systems are established using sliding mode control and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve anti-synchronization of the identical four-scroll chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the antisynchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical four-scroll systems
Dealing with Notations and conventions in tensor analysis-Einstein's summation convention covariant and contravariant and mixed tensors-algebraic operations in tensor symmetric and skew symmetric tensors-tensor calculus-Christoffel symbols-kinematics in Riemann space-Riemann-Christoffel tensor.
El 7 de noviembre de 2016, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Solitón: un concepto con extraordinaria diversidad de aplicaciones inter, trans, y multidisciplinares. Desde el mundo macroscópico al nanoscópico'.
CHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II
6.0 Partial differentials
6.1 The Schrödinger Wave Equation
6.2 Expectation Values
6.3 Infinite Square-Well Potential
6.4 Finite Square-Well Potential
6.5 Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well
6.6 Simple Harmonic Oscillator
6.7 Barriers and Tunneling in some books an extra chapter due to its technical importance
Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with ...Shu Tanaka
Our paper entitled “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" was published in Physical Review B. This work was done in collaboration with Dr. Ryo Tamura (NIMS) and Professor Naoki Kawashima (ISSP).
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
NIMSの田村亮さん、物性研の川島直輝教授との共同研究論文 “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" が Physical Review B に掲載されました。
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
We discussed most of what one wishes to learn in vector calculus at the undergraduate engineering level. Its also useful for the Physics ‘honors’ and ‘pass’ students.
This was a course I delivered to engineering first years, around 9th November 2009. But I have added contents to make it more understandable, eg I added all the diagrams and many explanations only now; 14-18th Aug 2015.
More such lectures will follow soon. Eg electromagnetism and electromagnetic waves !
Modeling and Analysis for Cutting Temperature in Turning of Aluminium 6063 Us...IOSR Journals
Deviation in machining process due to the temperature influence, cutting force, tool wear leads to
highly inferior quality of finished product, especially in high speed machining operations where product quality
and physical dimensions seems to be meticulous. Moreover, temperature is a significant noise parameter which
directly affects the cutting tool and work piece. Hence the aim of this project work is to study the machining
effect on 6063 Aluminium alloy at varies combinations of process parameters such as speed, feed rate and depth
of cut; and also to determine the effect of those parameters over the quality of finished product. A L27
Orthogonal Array (OA) based Design of Experiments (DOE) approach and Response Surface Methodology
(RSM) was used to analyse the machining effect on work material in this study. Using the practical data
obtained, a mathematical model was developed to predict the temperature influence and surface quality of
finished product. The ultimate goal of the study is to optimize the machining parameters for temperature
minimization in machining zone and improvement in surface finish.
REPORT SUMMARYVibration refers to a mechanical.docxdebishakespeare
REPORT SUMMARY
Vibration refers to a mechanical phenomenon involving oscillations about a point. These oscillations can be of any imaginable range of amplitudes and frequencies, with each combination having its own effect. These effects can be positive and purposefully induced, but they can also be unintentional and catastrophic. It's therefore imperative to understand how to classify and model vibration.
Within the classroom portion of ME 345, we discussed damped and undamped vibrations, appropriate models, and several of their properties. The purpose of Lab 3 is to give us the corresponding "hands-on" experience to cement our understanding of the theory.
As it turns out, vibration can be modeled with a simple spring-mass system (spring-mass-damper system for damped vibration). In order to create a mathematical model for our simple spring-mass system, we apply Newton's second law and sum the forces about the mass. After applying some of our knowledge of differential equations, the result is a second order linear differential equation (in vector form). This can easily be converted to the scalar version, from which it's easy to glean various properties of the vibration (i.e. natural frequency, period, etc.).
In the lab, we were provided with a PASCO motion sensor, USB link, ramp, and accompanying software. All of the aforementioned equipment was already assembled and connected. The ramp was set up at an angle with a stop on the elevated end and the motion sensor on the lower end. The sensor was connected to the USB link, which was in turn connected to the computer. We chose to use the Xplorer GLX software to interface with the sensor and record our data. After receiving our equipment, we gathered data on our spring's extension with a known load to derive a spring constant. We were provided with a small cart to which we attached weights to increase its mass. In order to model free vibration, we placed the cart on the track and attached it to the stop at the top of the ramp with a spring. After displacing the cart a certain distance from its equilibrium point, the cart was released and was allowed to oscillate on the track while we recorded its distance from the sensor. This was done with displacements of -20cm, -10cm, +10cm, and +20cm from the system's equilibrium point. After gathering this data for the "free" case, a magnet was attached to the front of the car, spaced as far from the track as possible. As the track is magnetic, this caused a slight damping effect, basically converting our spring-mass system to an underdamped spring-mass-damper system. After repeating the procedure for the "free" case, we moved the magnets as close to the track as possible (causing the system to become overdamped) and again repeated the procedure for the "free" case.
We were finally able to determine the period, phase angle, damping coefficients, and circular and cyclical frequencies for the three systems. There were similarities and differ ...
Kostadin Trencevski - Noncommutative Coordinates and ApplicationsSEENET-MTP
Lecture by Prof. Dr Kostadin Trenčevski (Institute of Mathematics, Saint Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, FYR Macedonia.) on October 27, 2010 at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Nis, Serbia.
Euclidean Equivalent of Minkowski’s Space-Time Theory and the Corresponding M...Premier Publishers
This document communicates some of the main results obtained from a theoretical work which performs a type of Wick’s rotation, where Lorentz’s group is connected in the resulting Euclidean metric, and as a consequence models the particles with rest mass as photons in a compacted additional dimension (for a photon of the ordinary 3-dimensional space, they do not go through the 4-dimension due to null angle in this dimension). Among its reported results are new explanations, much more elegant than the current ones, of the material waves of De Broglie, the uncertainty principle, the dilation of the proper time, the Higgs field, the existence of the antiparticles and specifically of the electron-positron annihilation, among others. It also leaves open the possibility of unifying at least three of the fundamental forces and the different types of particles under a single model of photon and compact dimension. Additionally, two experimental results are proposed that can only currently be explained by this theory.
Frenet Curves and Successor Curves: Generic Parametrizations of the Helix and...Toni Menninger
In classical curve theory, the geometry of a curve in three dimensions is essentially characterized by their invariants, curvature and torsion. When they are given, the problem of finding a corresponding curve is known as 'solving natural equations'. Explicit solutions are known only for a handful of curve classes, including notably the plane curves and general helices.
This paper shows constructively how to solve the natural equations explicitly for an infinite series of curve classes. For every Frenet curve, a family of successor curves can be constructed which have the tangent of the original curve as principal normal. Helices are exactly the successor curves of plane curves and applying the successor transformation to helices leads to slant helices, a class of curves that has received considerable attention in recent years as a natural extension of the concept of general helices.
The present paper gives for the first time a generic characterization of the slant helix in three-dimensional Euclidian space in terms of its curvature and torsion, and derives an explicit arc-length parametrization of its tangent vector. These results expand on and put into perspective earlier work on Salkowski curves and curves of constant precession, both of which are subclasses of the slant helix.
The paper also, for the benefit of novices and teachers, provides a novel and generalized presentation of the theory of Frenet curves, which is not restricted to curves with positive curvature. Bishop frames are examined along with Frenet frames and Darboux frames as a useful tool in the theory of space curves. The closed curve problem receives attention as well.
Curvilinear motion occurs when a particle moves along a curved path.
Since this path is often described in three dimensions, vector analysis will
be used to formulate the particle's position, velocity, and acceleration
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
1. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 4, Issue 1 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 83-87
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 83 | Page
Derivational Error of Albert Einstein
B. Ravi Sankar,
Scientist, MPAD/MDG, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560017, INDIA
Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to point out a major derivational error in Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper
titled “ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES”. An alternate expression for coordinate
transformation is derived which shows that the time co-ordinate of the moving clock cannot be expressed in
terms of the temporal and spatial co-ordinate of the stationary system.
Keywords – Special theory of relativity, on the electrodynamics of moving bodies, coordinate transformation,
kinematical part, definition of simultaneity.
I. INTRODUCTION
Albert Einstein published three papers in the year 1905. Among them the paper on photo electric effect
yielded him the Nobel Prize. He was not awarded Nobel Prize for his celebrated general theory of relativity or
special theory of relativity. The 1905 paper titled “ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES” is
the source of special theory of relativity. For a quiet long time, people have speculated that there is something
wrong in special theory of relativity. The purpose of this paper is not to disprove or dispute the special theory
relativity but to point out a major derivational error in the section titled “Theory of the Transformation of Co-
ordinates and Times from a Stationary System to another System in Uniform Motion of Translation relatively to
the Former” under the “KINEMATICAL PART’ of the paper “ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF THE
MOVING BODIES” [1].
II. MAJOR DERIVATIONAL ERROR
The first assumption Einstein made in that section is 120
2
1
. The aim of this paper is to
prove that he has wrongly assumed. The aim is to prove 120
2
1
or equivalently 120 2)( . In
order to prove this one need to thoroughly understand the figure 1 as well as the KINEMATICAL PART of the
paper “ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES’.
Let us in “Stationary” space take two system of co-ordinates, i.e. two systems, each of three rigid
material lines, perpendicular to one another, and issuing from a point (origin O or o). Let the axes of X of the
two systems coincide, and their axes of Y and Z be parallel. Let each system be provided with a rigid
measuring-rod and a number of clocks, and let the two measuring-rods, and likewise all the clocks of the two
systems, be in all respects alike [1].
Now to the origin (o) of one of the two systems ( k ) let a constant velocity v be imparted in the
direction of the increasing x of the other stationary system (K), and let this velocity be communicated to the
axes of the co-ordinates, the relevant measuring –rod, and the clocks. To any time of stationary system K there
then will correspond a definite position of the axes of the moving system, and from reasons of symmetry we are
entitled to assume that the motion of k may be such that the axes of the moving system are at the time t (this “t’
always denotes a time of the stationary system) parallel to the axes of the stationary system [1-page5].
To any system of values tzyx ,,, , which completely defines the place and time of an event in the
stationary system, there belongs a system of values ,,,, determining that event relatively to the system k,
and our task is to find the system of equations connecting these quantities [1]. The foregoing discussion is
pictorially represented in figure 1.
2. Derivational Error of Albert Einstein
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Figure 1: Pictorial representation of stationary and moving co-ordinate system.
From the origin of the moving system k let a ray be emitted at the time 0 along the X-axis to 'x and
at the time 1 be reflected thence to the origin of the co-ordinates, arriving at the time 2 [1-page6]; we must
prove that 120
2
1
. Before proceeding further, the nomenclature of the figure is discussed.
Black color co-ordinate represents the stationary system.
Red color co-ordinate represents the moving system.
Green line represents the point at which ray is reflected.
oO, Represents origin of stationary and moving system at initial condition.
00o Represents the origin of moving system when the ray is emitted w.r.to stationary system
11o Represents the origin of moving system when the ray is received at 'x
22o Represents the origin of moving system when the ray is received back at the origin of moving system.
XYZ represents the stationary co-ordinate system.
Represents the moving co-ordinate system.
Represents the co-ordinate time of the uniformly moving system along X-direction.
Now the stage is set to point out the derivational error. Reminder: the error which we want to point out
is 120
2
1
. Before proceeding to the derivational aspects, the following points are worth
mentioning.
3. Derivational Error of Albert Einstein
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The ongoing ray travels a distance of 'x with a velocity of )( vc
By the time the reflected ray reaches the origin, the origin has shifted a distance of 'x and hence the
reflected ray travels a distance lesser than 'x by an amount vx )(' 02 . This point has not been
noticed by Albert Einstein.
0 is the reading of the clock at the time of emission.
1 is the reading of the clock at the time of reflection at 'x .
2 is the reading of the clock at the time of reception at the origin.
Always represents the time in the moving clock and t represents the time in the stationary clock.
Referring to figure 1, the following equations are derived.
vc
x
'
10 (1)
vc
xx
''
12 (2)
vx 02' (3)
))((' 01 vcx (4)
Upon adding equation (1) and equation (2), one gets the following equation.
),,(2
'''
2 1120 vcA
vc
x
vc
xx
(5)
where
vc
x
vc
xx
vcA
'''
),,( (6)
Dividing equation (5) by 2, we get the following equation.
)(2
'
)(2
''
)(
2
1
120
vc
x
vc
xx
(7)
From equation (7), it is clear that 120
2
1
. It is also clear that 120 2)( only when 0v .
So it is clear form equation (7) that Einstein made a wrong assumption [1-page 6] at the very beginning of
his derivation. With this, this section is concluded. An alternate derivation for the coordinate transformation
follows in the following sections. Readers are requested to thoroughly understand this section before
proceeding further.
III. DERIVATION OF ),,( vcA
The additional term appearing along with 1 in equation (5) is derived in this section. Substituting
equation (3) & (4) in equation (6), one gets the following expression for ),,( vcA .
vc
x
vc
x
vc
x
vcA
'''
),,( (8)
vc
v
vc
vc
vc
vc
vcA
)())(())((
),,( 020101
(9)
Upon simplifying the above equation, we get the following expression for ),,( vcA .
vc
vvv
vcA
210 23
),,(
(10)
Substituting equation (10) back in equation (5), we get the following expression.
4. Derivational Error of Albert Einstein
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1
20
120 2
)3(
2
vc
v
vc
c
(11)
From the above equation it is clear that 120 2)( . It is also clear that 120 2)( only
when 0v .
IV. AN ALTERNATE DERIVATION OF THE CO-ORDINATE TRANSFORMATION
Upon simplifying equation (11), we get the following expression.
120 2)2()2( cvcvc (12)
Before proceeding further, the following points are worth mentioning.
The argument of 0 are t,0,0,0
The argument of 1 are
vc
x
tx
'
,0,0,'
The argument of 2 are
vc
xx
vc
x
tx
'''
,0,0,' , Albert Einstein has overlooked the argument
of 2 i.e. he did not notice that the origin of the moving co-ordinate has shifted a distance of 'x during
the rays flight time forth and back. He also overlooked the time t argument of 2 ,where he has substituted
vc
x
vc
x
t
''
instead of
vc
xx
vc
x
t
'''
. The factor 'x should appear in the time coordinate
because the reflected ray travels 'x lesser distance than the emitted ray.
Upon substituting the arguments of in equation (12), one gets the following expression [1-page6].
vc
x
txc
vc
xx
vc
x
txvctvc
'
,0,0,'2
'''
,0,0,')2(,0,0,0)2( (13)
Before proceeding further, 'x should be expressed in terms of 'x . That is done in the following steps.
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), the following equation is obtained.
vc
x
vc
x
vc
x
'''
02 (14)
vc
x
vc
x
vc
x
'''
)( 02 (15)
Substituting for 'x from equation (3), the above equation simplifies as follows.
))((
'2
1)( 02
vcvc
cx
vc
v
(16)
))(2(
'2
)( 02
vcvc
cx
(17)
Substituting equation (17) in equation (3), the expression for 'x is obtained as follows.
'
))(2(
'2
)(' 02 x
vcvc
cvx
vx
(18)
Where is given by the following equation.
))(2(
2
vcvc
cv
. (19)
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The time argument of 2 also contains 'x and hence it should be expressed in terms of 'x . That is done in the
following steps. The time argument of 2 is
vc
xx
vc
x
t
'''
from equation (13). This 'x should be
eliminated before proceeding further. Let
vc
xx
vc
x
x
'''
' . Upon substituting 'x from equation (18)
in , the expression for simplifies as follows.
vcvcvc
11
(20)
Upon substituting from equation (19), the above expression reduces as follows.
)2)((
2
vcvc
c
(21)
Now the stage is set for deriving the equation of co-ordinate transformation. Equation (13) reduces as
follows.
vc
x
txc
vc
x
vc
x
vc
x
txvctvc
'
,0,0,'2
'''
,0,0,')2(,0,0,0)2(
(22)
Further simplifying results in the following equation.
vc
x
txcxtxvctvc
'
,0,0,'2',0,0,')2(),0,0,0)2( (23)
Hence if 'x is chosen infinitesimally small (As claimed by Einstein [1-page 6]), the above equation reduces as
follows (upon expanding by Taylor series to the first order).
tvcx
c
tx
vc
1
'
2
'
)2( (24)
Since
vc
c
vc
2
)2( , the above equation reduces as follows.
0
'
2
'
)2(
x
c
x
vc
(25)
0
'
x
(26)
The solution of the above equation is .const Hence Time cannot be co-ordinate transferred as claimed by
Einstein. There exists a peculiar solution for equation (24).
'
2
'
)2(
x
c
x
vc
(27)
The above equation reduces as follows.
cvc 2)2( (28)
Upon substituting in the above equation one gets 2/cv .
V. CONCLUSION
The theory of relativity (both special and general theory of relativity) is proven beyond doubt. The
purpose of the manuscript is not to dispute special theory relativity. The objective of this paper is to prove that
the mathematical method employed by Albert Einstein to arrive at his equation is wrong and hence it is fulfilled.
REFERENCES
[1] Albert Einstein, On the electrodynamics of moving bodies, (Zur Electrodynamik bewegter Kȍrper) Annalen der Physik, 1905,
http://www.fourmilab.ch/einstein/specrel/specrel.pdf page 5-6.