1. Gold nanoparticles show potential for use in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their optical and photothermal properties. 2. Gold nanoparticles can be engineered to absorb near-infrared light and convert it to heat, killing nearby cancer cells through localized hyperthermia while sparing healthy cells. 3. Various synthesis methods like the Turkevich and Brust methods allow for production of monodisperse gold nanoparticles tuned to specific light absorption properties ideal for photothermal therapy applications.

1. Gold
Nanoparticles in
Cancer Diagnosis
and Treatment
Presented by
Suchitra Sahu
Roll no 156967
M.Sc 2nd Year
Department of chemistry
NITW

2. Cancer
Cancer is a disease where cells grow out of control invade,
erode and destroy normal tissue

3. CAUSES OF CANCER
• External factors – chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle
• Internal factors – hormones, immune conditions, and
inherited mutations
• Cellular change

4. Chemotherapy Radiation therapy

5. • Individuals undergoing chemotherapy frequently report
experiencing symptoms like nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite,
constipation and diarrhea.
• Fever and fatigue are also common side effects experienced by
chemotherapy patients.
• The most apparent and emotionally challenging side effect
associated with chemo treatment is alopecia- a medical condition
in which hair falls out.

6. When the world says give up
hope whispers try one more time …………..

7. Here is the hope…………….
Nanotechnology based drug delivery system
Nanotechnology is the science that deals with process that occur at the
molecular level and of nanolength size.

8. Nanoparticles Are
Small Enough to Enter Cells
Cell
Nanoparticles
Nanodevices
White blood cell
Most animal cells are 10,000 to 20,000
nanometers in diameter.
 Nanoscale devices (less than 100
nanometers) can enter cells and the
organelles inside them to interact with DNA
and proteins. Tools developed through
nanotechnology may be able to detect
disease in a very small amount of cells or
tissue. They may also be able to enter and
monitor cells within a living body.

9. Nanoparticles
• Nanoparticles as drug delivery system enable unique approach for
cancer treatment.
• Nanoparticles have optical, magnetic, chemical and structural
properties that set them apart from bulk solids, with potential
application in medicicne.
• Gold nanoparticles exhibit a combination of physical, optical and
electronic properties.

10. Using Gold Nano Particle
• Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agent for cancer
therapy.
• These are beneficial in diagnosis of cancer due to their
photophysical property and optical property.
• These nanoparticles are designed to convert light into heat-
blasting away the surrounding cancerous cell.

11. Using gold nanoparticle
• Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as clusters of gold atoms up
to 100nm in diameter.
• Nanogold has unusual visible properties as the particles are small
enough to scatter visible light.
• Mass gold reflects visible light.
• Gold nanoparticles appear deep red to black in solution depending
upon the size of the nanoparticle.

12. Gold nanoparticles design for photothermal therapy
• Gold is a good conductor of heat. Gold nanoparticles are able to be
heated up by infra red light. The heated nanoparticle in turn heat the
cancer cell and destroy it.
• Once the nanoparticle has safely travelled through the blood stream,
it binds to the tumor cell. Most work is being done with near-infrared
light, which is harmless to humans but can only penetrate human
tissue about 1.5 inches.

13. • Nanoparticles can be tuned to be excited only by certain ranges of
light.Then by using principle of photo thermal ablation it will convert
into heat.
• Cancer cells die at 42° C (108° F), normal cells die at about 46° C (115° F)
• The impact can be so violent for smaller particles that it can cause
subsequently cell death.

14. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles
Turkevich Method
• Small amount of chloroauric acid is reacted with small amount of sodium
citrate solution. The colloidal gold will form because the citrate ions act as
both a reducing agent and a capping agent.
• These by monodisperse gold nanoparticles are formed.

15. Brust method
It involves the reaction of a chlorauric acid solution with tetra-o
ctylammonium bromide (TOAB) solution in toluene and sodium
borohydride as an anti-coagulent and a reducing agent.
Martin method
Naked gold nanoparticles are produced in this method by using
water, chlorauric acid and NaBH4. Even without any other stabiliser
like citrate, gold nanoparticles are stably dispersed.

16. Mechanism
Gold nanoparticles have been engineered such that their plasmon
resonance is tuned to near IR wavelength, which allows them to absorb
and convert this energy into heat leading to hyperthermic temperature
of surrounding media. As a result gold nanoparticles have received
increased attention for localized administration of hyperthermia for
cancer cell ablation.

18. Conclusion
• Gold is highly resistent to bacteria and can be used to prevent
the growth of infections.
• Gold nanoparticles are used in the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

19. Gold and nanotechnology in the
age of innovation is gold for good.