The document discusses the synthesis of zinc phthalocyanine nanowires for cancer phototherapy and their applications. It summarizes that ZnPc nanowires show increased water dispersibility without functionalization. The ZnPc nanowires exhibit highly efficient dual photodynamic and photothermal effects upon near infrared laser irradiation that enhances cytotoxic efficiency according to in vitro and in vivo experiments. The document also discusses objectives, the need for the research, introduction to phototherapy and ZnPc, and characterization of the synthesized ZnPc nanowires.

2. Synthesis of ZnPc nanowires for cancer
phototherapy and their applications
Presented By:
Muhammad Shahzad
2020-ag-1843

3. Synthesis of Zinc phthalocyanine nanowires for
cancer treatment of phototherapy and their
applications
Content:
 Summary
Objectives
Need of the research
Introduction
Justification of
research problem
Research
plan/methodology
Structure of zn pc

4. Summary
The phototherapy is one of the widely accepted noninvasive clinical
methodologies to eradicate cancer cells owing to its minimal side effects and
high selectivity to the light of specific wavelength. As represented by
photodynamic (PD) and photothermal (PT) therapy, the phototherapy requires
light and photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species and heat,
respectively. Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is one of the promising
photosensitizers as it has a strong absorption cross-section in the spectral
range of 650–900 nm that guarantees maximum tissue penetration. One critical
issue in using Pc molecule, including ZnPc as a biocompatible sensitizer is the
poor water solubility. To increase water solubility, various chemical
modifications inducing hydrophilicity have been widely attempted to
introduce various functional groups in the ZnPc backbone. We report that
ZnPc nanowires (NWs) directly grown from ZnPc powder by vaporization–
condensation–recrystallization process show surprisingly increased water
dispersibility without any functionalization. The ZnPc NW solution exhibits
highly efficient dual PD and PT effects upon the irradiation of near infrared
(808 nm) laser. The dual phototherapeutic effect of ZnPc NW is proven to
enhance cytotoxic efficiency according to both in vitro and in
vivo experimental results.

5. Objectives
• To synthesize 4nitro-phthalimide
• To Synthesize of 4(Propyn3yloxy) phthalonitrile
• To synthesize of benzyl azide
• To study of antimicrobial photodynamic activity
• To study of biological activity
• To study of photo physicochemical

6. Need of the research
• Newly synthetic method, organization along with rigid exertion
had been completed for the investigation of the only one of its
kind property of Zinc phthalate cyanine NWs for cancer photo-
therapy. Moreover alterations have been done in the Zinc
phthalate cyanine nano wires for cancer photo therapy
conjugated structure. Zinc-Pc is well recognized for its
compound and thermal constancy. In this work, we have
synthesized the electron rich tetra carboxyl substituted Zn-
phthalocynanine derivatives which involve the cyclization of
phthalonitriles co-ordinated by zinc metal ion (Mayilduai et al.
2017)
• Substituted zinc phthalocynine was synthesized in this study.
The reaction of 4-nitro phthalonitrile with ZnCl2 in the
presence of dimethylamino ethanol affords 4, 4, 4, 4- tetranitro
zinc phthalocyanine. The phthalocyanine was sepetrated by
elemental analysis (Ali and Mousa 2017).

7. Introduction
• Cancer is a disease where cell grow out of
control invades, erodes and destroy the
normal tissue

8.  individuals undergoing chemotherapy frequently
report experiencing symptomsas nausea, vomiting,
loss of appetite, constipation or diarrhea
 fever and fatigue are also common side effects
experienced by chemotherapy patients.
The most apparent and emotionally challenging
side effect associated with chemo treatment
Is alopecia a medical condition in which hair falls out

9. Nanoparticales
• Nanoparticales as drug delivery systems enable unique
approaches for cancer treatment.
• Nanoparticales have optical , magnetic, chemical and
structural properties that set them apart from bulk,
solid, with potential applications in madicine
• Gold nanoparticle ehibit a combination f physical,
chemical, optical and electronic properties
• Gold nano particles plays a multifunctional role in
image of therapeutic diseases

10. Appearance of gold nano particles on
binding with the cancerous cell
• By adding the conjugated nano particles
solution to healthy cells and cancerous cell
and focusing it under a microscope shining
cancerous cells are observed

11. Gold Nanoparticales design for photo
thermal therapy
• Key features
• Wavelength of the maximal absorption
• Absorption cross section
• Size of the particle
Gold is a good conductor of heat.
Gold Nanoparticales are able to be
heated up by radio frequency. The
heated NP would in turn heat the cancer
cell and make it destroy

12. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles
• Precursor: HauCl4 other gold salt
• Stabilizer: corboxylates ,phosphines, amine
and thiol
• reducing agent: citrate, ascorbic acid

13. Brust method
• This method used to produce the gold Nanoparticales in
organic liquid that are normally not miscible with water
• It involve the reaction of the chlorauric acid solution with
tetra-octly ammonium bromide toluene and
sodiumborohydride as an anti coagulant and reducing agent

14. Martin Method
• Naked gold Nanoparticales produce in water
by reducing HAuCl4 and NaBH4. even without
any other stabilizer like citrate gold
Nanoparticales are stably dispersed
• The key is to stabilize HAuCl4 and NaBH4 in
the aqueous stock solution with HCl and
NaOH

15. Mechanism
• Gold Nanoparticales have been engineered
such that their Plasmon resonance is tuned to
near infrared wavelength which allow them to
absorb and convert this energy to heat
leading to hyperthermic temperatures of
surrounding media as a result GNPs have
received to increase attention for localized
administration of hyperthermia for cancer cell
ablation, and this approach is currently in
early clinical trials.

17. Characterization of gold nanoparicles
• UV-Vis spectroscopy: the formation of the
gold Nanoparticales was followed by scanning
the solution containing gold Nanoparticales at
the wavelength ranged form 400-700nm
• Transmission electron microscopy: the
analysis and synthesized gold Nanoparticales
was carried out on the film coated drop of
Nanoparticales employing transmission
electron microscopy.

18. Photophysical processes in gold NRs

20. Gold Nanoparticle (AuNPs)
Applications of gold nanoparticle probes:
Nanobiosensor
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Identification and treatment of cancer
Drug and gene delivery
Production of nanowier
Genetic analysis
Virus study
Cell structure study
Gene transfer in plants
Increase resolution of MRI,CT and X-ray imaging
Detection of Pb2+, Cr2+ and TNT
 and so on ……

21. Gold Nanoparticle Probes (AuNPs)
Nanoparticle Based DNA and RNA Detection Assays:
Homogeneous DNA Detection:
In 1996, Mirkin and co-workers reported the use of mercaptoalkyloligonucleotide-modified
gold nanoparticle probes (DNA–Au-NP probes) for the colorimetric detection of cDNA target
sequences (Mirkin, C. A., et al. 1996) .
Mirkin, C. A., et al. A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic
materials. Nature 1996, 382, 607–609

22. Colorimetric contrast of nanoprobes

24. Determining sensitivity of hybridization of Gold NP-bound probes with target DNA

25. 25
Therapeutic:

26. 26
Therapeutic:

27. 27

29. Results and conclusion
• Future research will need to determine the
optimal gold nanoparticles for each potential
human application, and inevitably, tradeoffs
will have to be made regarding some of their
diagnostic and therapeutic properties vis-a-vis
their associated toxicity profile. Overall, gold
nanoparticles are ideally placed to make the
transition from the laboratory benchtop to the
clinical bedside in the very near future.

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Sciences, 1(1): 1-21.
A.E., Gallagher, W. M. & Byrne, A. T. (2009). Porphyrin and nonporphyrin
B.photosensitizers in oncology: preclinical and clinical advances
C.in photodynamic therapy. Phtochem. Photobiology. 85: 1053–1074
M., Baas, P., Schellens, J. H., & Stewart, F. A. (2006). Photodynamic therapy in oncology.
The oncologist, 11(9): 1034-1044.
A., Peng, Q. & Moan, J.(2007). Milestones in the development of photodynamic therapy
and fluorescence diagnosis.
Photochem. Photobiol. 6:1234–1245.
Allen, C. M., Sharman, W. M. & Lier, J. E. V. A. N. (2001). Current status of
phthalocyanines in the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Porphyr. Phthalocyanines 5: 161–169
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