The document discusses a simple "Hello World" C program. It includes the source code, which prints "Hello World" using the printf function. It explains that a C program consists of preprocessor commands, comments, functions, variables, and statements/expressions. It then breaks down the parts of the "Hello World" program, noting that #include is a preprocessor command that includes the stdio.h header file, main is the starting function, /*...*/ are comments, printf is a function that displays the message, and return 0 terminates main and returns a value of 0.