Mustard
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This document summarizes information about mustard, including its taxonomy, origins, and breeding objectives and methods. It discusses techniques for emasculation, crossing, and selfing of mustard flowers. Key breeding objectives are listed as seed yield, early maturity, abiotic/biotic stress resistance, and improved oil content/quality. Breeding methods that are outlined include introduction, selection, population improvement, heterosis breeding, mutation breeding, and transgenic approaches. Important breeding centers and released varieties/hybrids are also mentioned.
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- Okra is a flowering plant cultivated as an annual vegetable crop for its green seed pods. It is grown widely in India and other tropical regions.
- Hybrid seed production of okra involves emasculation of the male sterile parent followed by hand pollination with pollen from the male parent. Proper synchronization of flowering and a female to male ratio of 8:1 is required.
- Factors such as temperature, soil type, sowing time, seed rate, spacing, fertilizer use, irrigation and pest management must be optimized to produce high quality hybrid okra seeds. Proper isolation, roguing and inspection also help maintain seed purity and standards.
HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION OF OKRA
This document discusses hybrid seed production technology for okra. It begins with an introduction to okra including its classification, origin in India and Africa, and floral morphology. It then discusses temperature and climate needs, sowing times, soil requirements, and fertilizer and pest management practices for commercial okra production. The key aspects of hybrid seed production covered include the use of genetic male sterility, emasculation and pollination techniques, and field isolation distances. Harvest and post-harvest processing including threshing, seed yield standards and certification requirements are also summarized.
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This document discusses breeding in rapeseed (Brassica campestris). It begins by introducing rapeseed taxonomy and origins, then describes cultivated species, types, botany, floral biology, hybridization techniques, and qualitative genetics. The key breeding objectives are outlined as high yield, early maturity, high oil content, and resistances. Various breeding methods are then explained, including introduction, pure line selection, pedigree selection, bulk selection, backcrossing, population improvement, heterosis breeding, mutation breeding, and tissue culture.
Okra
This document summarizes information about okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), including its origins in tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. It describes 10 Abelmoschus species, their somatic chromosome numbers, and whether they are wild or cultivated. It provides details on okra germplasm collections in India and breeding programs at various agricultural institutions. Promising okra lines are identified for traits like early flowering, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Production objectives and methods for hybrid seed production are also outlined.
Kikuyu
Assalam o Alaikum!
here you can find the grass that serves as good ground mat as well as a good forage. detailed information can be taken through references mentioned.
thanks
Okra
This document provides information on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), including its botanical name, family, origin in South Africa, and chromosome number. It discusses 10 Abelmoschus species, their somatic chromosome numbers, and distributions in various parts of Asia and Africa. The document outlines okra germplasm collections in India, identified promising okra lines for various attributes, breeding objectives and programs, insect pests, diseases, floral biology, hybrid seed production methods, and nationally released okra hybrids.
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Breeding in grapes
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Endosperm and embryo culture
history
Lampe & Mills (1933) were the first to report the proliferation of immature endosperm tissue of Maize, grown on medium containing extract of potato.
La Rue (1947) observed that in nature, in maize , the pericarp ruptured & the endosperm exhibited a white tissue mass.
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Grow Your Own, Nevada! Fall 2011: Growing Fruits and Berries
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This document provides information from Michael Janik on growing fruit trees and berries in northern Nevada, including:
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- Tips on selection criteria, needs of fruit trees, and propagation methods.
- A spring fruit tree spray program covering dormant, fungicide, and insecticide applications.
- Cultural practices like soil preparation, training, thinning, and fall maintenance.
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Germplasm accession details of important crops in india bhendi, eggplant,sesa...
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Mustard
- 3. • Family: Cruciferae • Genus: Brassica • Species: campestris, napus , juncea , rapa , nigra , carinata • Origin: middle east
- 5. Emasculation, crossing and selfing techniques • Flower buds that open next day are selected and the remainder of the bud and flowers and flowering branches are removed. Flowers are emasculated in the evening and pollinated and pollinated the next morning. • The petales as well as stamens of the selected buds are removed with a pair of tweezers and the emasculated flowers are bagged.
- 6. • Ripe anthers are collected next morning and pollination is made by dusting pollens from the ripened anthers over the stigma. After pollination,the flower are again bagged. • Flowers to be selfed should be bagged before they open to avoid natural cross pollinated. Bag should be of such size as to allow lengthening of flower. • Insect also enhance pollination ,leading to cross pollination.
- 7. Breeding objectives: • Seed yeild • Earlymaturity • Resistance to abiotic factores • Resistance to biotic streess • Herbicide resistance • Shattering resistance • Increase oil content and quality • Meal quality
- 8. Breeding methods • Introduction- regina from sweden • Seletion-eg:seeta, krishna , kranti • Population improvement-Recurrent seletion , mass selection • Heterosis breeding-cms lines- first cms based hybrid nrc sankar (nrchb506)is the first mori candia cms based hybrid of indian mustard • Mutation breeding-eg:regina, RLM198
- 9. • Tissue culture technique for production of homozygous diploids- saline resistance screening. Induction of mutation in haploids. • Embryo rescue tecnique for inter specific crosses.
- 10. Transgenic for male sterility • Transgenic brassica napus-male sterility and fertility • TA29-Rnase: branase gene – ribonuclease gene with TA29(tapetum specific promoter)- male sterlity • Barstar gene-inhibitor of ribonuclease encoded by barnase gene • Both gene are isolated from bacillius amylolifaciens • When barnase and barstar both are present- plant will be male fertile barstar is dominant over barnase.
- 11. Breeding center: • Directorate of rapeseed-mustard research (DRMR)-bharatpur-rajasthan • IIOR-Hydrabad
- 12. Varities: Pusa agrani, geeta, kranti, jagannadh, jawahar mustard 2, vasundhara, varuna, vardhan, M- 27, pusa kalyani. Hybrids: NRCDR-02 (high yielding indian mustard variety) NRCHB-506 (1st indian mustard hybrid with high yeild quality)
- 13. • NRCHB-101 (Indian mustard variety for late sown irrigated condition) • NRCYS-05-02 (yellow sarson variety suitable to all yellow sarson growing region of the country)
- 14. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- MUSTARD
- THANK YOU