Cold chain management is crucial for the successful implementation of measles rubella vaccination campaigns. Key steps include reviewing existing cold chain equipment and capacity, estimating vaccine and logistical needs, ensuring adequate storage space for vaccines and diluents, planning for ice pack freezing, and developing contingency plans. Proper packing and transportation of vaccines while maintaining the cold chain is also important both during distribution and at vaccination sessions. Calculating cold chain space requirements and monitoring equipment is essential to reduce vaccine wastage.
The document talks about the author's parents and their 25 years of marriage. It mentions how the mother single-handedly managed the household and raised two daughters, showing her love through discipline. It discusses the father's constant support for the children to pursue their dreams. Both parents have always fulfilled the children's requests and aim to guide them without fault. The author expresses gratitude for the unconditional love and support received from their parents over the years.
The cold chain is a system used to store and transport vaccines within a specific temperature range from manufacture to point of use. It includes personnel, equipment, and procedures. Key equipment includes walk-in freezers that store vaccines between -15°C to -25°C, walk-in coolers that store vaccines between 2°C to 8°C, deep freezers at the district level and above that store OPV between -15°C to -25°C, and ice-lined refrigerators at PHCs that store all vaccines between 2°C to 8°C. Cold boxes and vaccine carriers containing ice packs are used to transport vaccines while maintaining the correct temperature range. Temperature monitoring, ice pack management, and
The document discusses the cold chain system for storing and transporting vaccines. It describes key elements like personnel, equipment, and procedures to ensure vaccines are safely stored and transported within the recommended temperature range. Various types of cold chain equipment are outlined, including walk-in freezers and coolers, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, vaccine carriers, and cold boxes. Placement of vaccines, temperature monitoring, and checking vaccine potency are also covered. The cold chain system is crucial for maintaining vaccine effectiveness from the point of manufacture to administration.
1. The document outlines the recommended vaccination schedule in India from birth through adulthood. Key vaccines include BCG, OPV, pentavalent, measles, and TT.
2. Proper maintenance of the cold chain is essential to ensure vaccine potency. Vaccines are transported and stored at specific temperature ranges depending on their heat or freezing sensitivity. Equipment like walk-in freezers/coolers, ILRs, deep freezers, cold boxes, and vaccine carriers maintain the recommended temperatures.
3. Common minor reactions to vaccines include fever, redness and pain at the injection site. More serious adverse events are rare but can include seizures, anaphylaxis or Guillain-Barré
The document discusses India's cold chain system for transporting and storing vaccines. It defines the cold chain as maintaining vaccines at recommended temperatures from manufacture to point of use. Key components of the cold chain system include equipment like walk-in freezers and coolers, refrigerators, cold boxes, vaccine carriers and day carriers. Vaccines are stored at different levels from national stores down to local health centers. Proper temperature maintenance is important to preserve vaccine potency and effectiveness of immunization programs.
Expanded programme on immunization for health science studentstamenefetene1
This is ppt about expanded programme on immunization(national immunation programme in some countries and includes many updates regarding immunizatin.Thank you!
Cold chain refers to the process of maintaining optimal temperature conditions for vaccines from manufacturer to administration. It involves receipt, storage, and delivery of vaccines using various equipment like cold boxes, vaccine carriers, refrigerators, and freezers. Temperature must be monitored daily and vaccines discarded if exposed to unsuitable temperatures as this impacts potency. Proper estimation, documentation, and emergency procedures are important for ensuring vaccine quality during transportation and storage in the cold chain.
This presentation contains Complete cold chain system, Importance and requirement of cold chain, detail of each equipment of cold chain system.
This presentation contain brief detail of THE SHAKE TEST, Reverse cold chain.
This is fully equipped with knowledge of Field facts of cold chain system.
The document talks about the author's parents and their 25 years of marriage. It mentions how the mother single-handedly managed the household and raised two daughters, showing her love through discipline. It discusses the father's constant support for the children to pursue their dreams. Both parents have always fulfilled the children's requests and aim to guide them without fault. The author expresses gratitude for the unconditional love and support received from their parents over the years.
The cold chain is a system used to store and transport vaccines within a specific temperature range from manufacture to point of use. It includes personnel, equipment, and procedures. Key equipment includes walk-in freezers that store vaccines between -15°C to -25°C, walk-in coolers that store vaccines between 2°C to 8°C, deep freezers at the district level and above that store OPV between -15°C to -25°C, and ice-lined refrigerators at PHCs that store all vaccines between 2°C to 8°C. Cold boxes and vaccine carriers containing ice packs are used to transport vaccines while maintaining the correct temperature range. Temperature monitoring, ice pack management, and
The document discusses the cold chain system for storing and transporting vaccines. It describes key elements like personnel, equipment, and procedures to ensure vaccines are safely stored and transported within the recommended temperature range. Various types of cold chain equipment are outlined, including walk-in freezers and coolers, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, vaccine carriers, and cold boxes. Placement of vaccines, temperature monitoring, and checking vaccine potency are also covered. The cold chain system is crucial for maintaining vaccine effectiveness from the point of manufacture to administration.
1. The document outlines the recommended vaccination schedule in India from birth through adulthood. Key vaccines include BCG, OPV, pentavalent, measles, and TT.
2. Proper maintenance of the cold chain is essential to ensure vaccine potency. Vaccines are transported and stored at specific temperature ranges depending on their heat or freezing sensitivity. Equipment like walk-in freezers/coolers, ILRs, deep freezers, cold boxes, and vaccine carriers maintain the recommended temperatures.
3. Common minor reactions to vaccines include fever, redness and pain at the injection site. More serious adverse events are rare but can include seizures, anaphylaxis or Guillain-Barré
The document discusses India's cold chain system for transporting and storing vaccines. It defines the cold chain as maintaining vaccines at recommended temperatures from manufacture to point of use. Key components of the cold chain system include equipment like walk-in freezers and coolers, refrigerators, cold boxes, vaccine carriers and day carriers. Vaccines are stored at different levels from national stores down to local health centers. Proper temperature maintenance is important to preserve vaccine potency and effectiveness of immunization programs.
Expanded programme on immunization for health science studentstamenefetene1
This is ppt about expanded programme on immunization(national immunation programme in some countries and includes many updates regarding immunizatin.Thank you!
Cold chain refers to the process of maintaining optimal temperature conditions for vaccines from manufacturer to administration. It involves receipt, storage, and delivery of vaccines using various equipment like cold boxes, vaccine carriers, refrigerators, and freezers. Temperature must be monitored daily and vaccines discarded if exposed to unsuitable temperatures as this impacts potency. Proper estimation, documentation, and emergency procedures are important for ensuring vaccine quality during transportation and storage in the cold chain.
This presentation contains Complete cold chain system, Importance and requirement of cold chain, detail of each equipment of cold chain system.
This presentation contain brief detail of THE SHAKE TEST, Reverse cold chain.
This is fully equipped with knowledge of Field facts of cold chain system.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining an uninterrupted cold chain for transporting and storing vaccines. It defines a cold chain as a system used to keep vaccines within a temperature range of 2-8°C from the time of manufacturing to the point of administration. Breaks in the cold chain can allow microbial growth and reduce vaccine effectiveness. Various equipment is used at different levels of the healthcare system to ensure vaccines remain at the proper cold temperatures, including refrigerators, freezers, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and ice or cold packs. Precisely monitoring and maintaining vaccine temperatures is crucial for preserving their stability and potency.
The shake test is used to detect freeze damage in certain vaccines like DTP, DT, Td, TT, typhoid, and hepatitis B. These vaccines cannot be frozen as it reduces their effectiveness. When frozen, the alum content separates out and sediments faster than non-frozen vaccines when shaken. To perform the shake test, a vaccine vial is frozen as a control and another vial suspected of freezing is selected. Both vials are shaken and observed over time - if the suspected vial sediments slower than the frozen control vial, it has not been damaged and can be used.
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
This document provides information on immunization including key terms, vaccination schedules, and maintaining the cold chain. It discusses immunization as a key child survival strategy and outlines the national immunization schedule in India. Full immunization requires 3 doses of DPT and OPV vaccines and 1 dose of BCG, measles, and tetanus toxoid vaccines. The cold chain system is crucial for transporting and storing vaccines at the proper temperatures. Proper maintenance of equipment like ILRs and cold boxes is needed to ensure vaccine efficacy. Adverse events following immunization are usually minor but can occasionally be more severe.
A policy on managing opened vaccine vials is needed to minimize waste while ensuring vaccine effectiveness. Multi-dose vials of certain vaccines like OPV, DTP, and hepatitis B can be used over multiple immunization sessions for up to 4 weeks if stored properly and have not expired or been contaminated. Open vials of measles and BCG vaccines must be discarded after each session or within 6 hours. All opened vials must be discarded immediately if aseptic procedures were not followed or the vial is suspected of being contaminated.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity caused by vaccine preventable diseases. in this part i am going to describe regarding cold chain ,frequently ask questions regarding vaccines and how to manage acute and life threatening adverse reactions at most peripheral level
1. The cold chain refers to the system used to transport and store vaccines at temperatures between 2-8°C from manufacture to point of use to maintain potency. Proper cold chain storage using equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators is important for vaccine effectiveness and compliance with regulations.
2. Vaccines are biological products that lose potency over time if not stored at proper temperatures. Maintaining the cold chain ensures vaccines provide maximum benefit and protects scarce health resources by preventing wastage from temperature excursions.
3. The immunization schedule approved by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics outlines the vaccines recommended to accelerate control of vaccine-preventable diseases and
In 2011 to reduce neonatal mortality government of India launched Home based new born care program based on Gadchirolli model of SEARCH. This presentation will tell about how the program is enrolling in our country.
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
The document outlines the goals and strategies of India's Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child PLUS Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) program. The goals include increasing coverage of key interventions like facility births, antenatal care, immunizations, and reducing issues like anemia and malnutrition. The program aims to provide continuum of care across the life stages of reproduction, pregnancy, childbirth, newborn, child, and adolescent. It focuses on community and facility-based interventions like immunization drives, nutrition programs, reproductive healthcare, and strengthening health systems. Key challenges include addressing adolescent health and improving implementation through use of data and timely payments.
The document provides an overview of India's cold chain system for storing and transporting vaccines. It discusses the key elements which include personnel like vaccine handlers, equipment for storage and temperature monitoring, and procedures to ensure safe storage and transport. Specific equipment covered include ice-lined refrigerators, deep freezers, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and the Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network system. Personnel roles, equipment specifications, storage guidelines, temperature monitoring, and transportation methods are described in detail. The cold chain aims to keep vaccines within the recommended temperature range from manufacture to point of use to maintain potency and safety.
The document discusses strategies for global polio eradication, including those used in India. [1] The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 and has reduced polio cases by over 99%, though it remains endemic in only 4 countries. [2] India's strategies include pulse polio immunization days, maintaining high routine immunization coverage, monitoring coverage at local levels, improving AFP surveillance, ensuring rapid case investigation, following up AFP cases, outbreak control, and mopping up efforts. [3] The goal is to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission and achieve global certification of eradication.
The cold chain is the system used to transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to use. It is critical to maintain vaccine potency and ensure effective immunization programs. Vaccines must be kept within strict temperature ranges, typically between 2-8°C, and protected from light, to maintain their biological properties and effectiveness. Various equipment like refrigerators, freezers and transport containers with ice packs are used at different levels of the healthcare system to properly handle vaccines throughout the cold chain.
This document provides information about immunization and vaccines. It defines key terms like immunization, immunity, and vaccines. It describes different types of immunity and vaccines. It discusses the Expanded Program on Immunization established by WHO to make vaccines available worldwide. The document outlines Iraqi Ministry of Health vaccination schedules and types of vaccines. It also describes several infectious diseases that vaccines aim to prevent and their symptoms.
The document summarizes the Ballard score, which assesses gestational age in newborns based on their physical and neurological maturity. It describes six physical signs and six neurological signs that are observed and scored, with the total score corresponding to a gestational age between 20-44 weeks. Each sign is described in detail, outlining what is observed at different stages of maturity from preterm to full term. A video demonstration is provided for some of the neurological tests.
This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This document discusses strategies for eradicating polio in India, including conducting regular pulse polio immunization days, improving routine vaccination coverage and surveillance. Surveillance involves reporting all cases of acute flaccid paralysis, investigating cases, testing stool samples and monitoring efficacy. Pulse polio immunization is conducted as mass administration of oral polio vaccine to children under 5 on national immunization days. India has made significant progress and was removed from the list of polio-endemic countries in 2012 after passing one year without new cases.
This document provides information on various types of cold chain equipment (CCE), including their uses and key specifications. It discusses electrical CCE such as walk-in freezers and coolers, which are used to store vaccines at different temperature ranges. Deep freezers and ice-lined refrigerators are also covered, along with their installation requirements and factors that influence holdover time. The document additionally mentions associated equipment such as voltage stabilizers, ice packs, generators, and inverters.
The cold chain is a system used to store and transport vaccines between 2-8°C from manufacture to point of use. It consists of personnel to manage distribution, equipment like walk-in freezers and coolers to store vaccines, and procedures to ensure proper temperature. Vaccines are transported using cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and ice packs to maintain the cold temperature as they move through various levels like national stores, district stores, PHCs, and outreach sessions. A vaccine vial monitor indicates acceptable heat exposure and the reverse cold chain transports specimens back to testing laboratories.
This document provides an overview of Module 2 which covers storage, handling, delivery, and waste management for COVID-19 vaccines. The module has three parts:
Part A discusses programmatic implications of COVID-19 vaccines including considerations for introduction, stability data, WHO prequalification status, vaccine vial monitors, and planning for vaccine arrival and storage.
Part B focuses on managing storage, transport, and delivery of COVID-19 vaccines depending on required storage temperature. It provides guidance on surge capacity, general principles, and transporting vaccines stored at +2 to +8°C and -70°C.
Part C addresses cold chain management at vaccination posts and waste management at health facilities, including handling vaccine vials
The document discusses the importance of maintaining an uninterrupted cold chain for transporting and storing vaccines. It defines a cold chain as a system used to keep vaccines within a temperature range of 2-8°C from the time of manufacturing to the point of administration. Breaks in the cold chain can allow microbial growth and reduce vaccine effectiveness. Various equipment is used at different levels of the healthcare system to ensure vaccines remain at the proper cold temperatures, including refrigerators, freezers, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and ice or cold packs. Precisely monitoring and maintaining vaccine temperatures is crucial for preserving their stability and potency.
The shake test is used to detect freeze damage in certain vaccines like DTP, DT, Td, TT, typhoid, and hepatitis B. These vaccines cannot be frozen as it reduces their effectiveness. When frozen, the alum content separates out and sediments faster than non-frozen vaccines when shaken. To perform the shake test, a vaccine vial is frozen as a control and another vial suspected of freezing is selected. Both vials are shaken and observed over time - if the suspected vial sediments slower than the frozen control vial, it has not been damaged and can be used.
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
This document provides information on immunization including key terms, vaccination schedules, and maintaining the cold chain. It discusses immunization as a key child survival strategy and outlines the national immunization schedule in India. Full immunization requires 3 doses of DPT and OPV vaccines and 1 dose of BCG, measles, and tetanus toxoid vaccines. The cold chain system is crucial for transporting and storing vaccines at the proper temperatures. Proper maintenance of equipment like ILRs and cold boxes is needed to ensure vaccine efficacy. Adverse events following immunization are usually minor but can occasionally be more severe.
A policy on managing opened vaccine vials is needed to minimize waste while ensuring vaccine effectiveness. Multi-dose vials of certain vaccines like OPV, DTP, and hepatitis B can be used over multiple immunization sessions for up to 4 weeks if stored properly and have not expired or been contaminated. Open vials of measles and BCG vaccines must be discarded after each session or within 6 hours. All opened vials must be discarded immediately if aseptic procedures were not followed or the vial is suspected of being contaminated.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity caused by vaccine preventable diseases. in this part i am going to describe regarding cold chain ,frequently ask questions regarding vaccines and how to manage acute and life threatening adverse reactions at most peripheral level
1. The cold chain refers to the system used to transport and store vaccines at temperatures between 2-8°C from manufacture to point of use to maintain potency. Proper cold chain storage using equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators is important for vaccine effectiveness and compliance with regulations.
2. Vaccines are biological products that lose potency over time if not stored at proper temperatures. Maintaining the cold chain ensures vaccines provide maximum benefit and protects scarce health resources by preventing wastage from temperature excursions.
3. The immunization schedule approved by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics outlines the vaccines recommended to accelerate control of vaccine-preventable diseases and
In 2011 to reduce neonatal mortality government of India launched Home based new born care program based on Gadchirolli model of SEARCH. This presentation will tell about how the program is enrolling in our country.
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
The document outlines the goals and strategies of India's Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child PLUS Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) program. The goals include increasing coverage of key interventions like facility births, antenatal care, immunizations, and reducing issues like anemia and malnutrition. The program aims to provide continuum of care across the life stages of reproduction, pregnancy, childbirth, newborn, child, and adolescent. It focuses on community and facility-based interventions like immunization drives, nutrition programs, reproductive healthcare, and strengthening health systems. Key challenges include addressing adolescent health and improving implementation through use of data and timely payments.
The document provides an overview of India's cold chain system for storing and transporting vaccines. It discusses the key elements which include personnel like vaccine handlers, equipment for storage and temperature monitoring, and procedures to ensure safe storage and transport. Specific equipment covered include ice-lined refrigerators, deep freezers, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and the Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network system. Personnel roles, equipment specifications, storage guidelines, temperature monitoring, and transportation methods are described in detail. The cold chain aims to keep vaccines within the recommended temperature range from manufacture to point of use to maintain potency and safety.
The document discusses strategies for global polio eradication, including those used in India. [1] The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 and has reduced polio cases by over 99%, though it remains endemic in only 4 countries. [2] India's strategies include pulse polio immunization days, maintaining high routine immunization coverage, monitoring coverage at local levels, improving AFP surveillance, ensuring rapid case investigation, following up AFP cases, outbreak control, and mopping up efforts. [3] The goal is to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission and achieve global certification of eradication.
The cold chain is the system used to transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to use. It is critical to maintain vaccine potency and ensure effective immunization programs. Vaccines must be kept within strict temperature ranges, typically between 2-8°C, and protected from light, to maintain their biological properties and effectiveness. Various equipment like refrigerators, freezers and transport containers with ice packs are used at different levels of the healthcare system to properly handle vaccines throughout the cold chain.
This document provides information about immunization and vaccines. It defines key terms like immunization, immunity, and vaccines. It describes different types of immunity and vaccines. It discusses the Expanded Program on Immunization established by WHO to make vaccines available worldwide. The document outlines Iraqi Ministry of Health vaccination schedules and types of vaccines. It also describes several infectious diseases that vaccines aim to prevent and their symptoms.
The document summarizes the Ballard score, which assesses gestational age in newborns based on their physical and neurological maturity. It describes six physical signs and six neurological signs that are observed and scored, with the total score corresponding to a gestational age between 20-44 weeks. Each sign is described in detail, outlining what is observed at different stages of maturity from preterm to full term. A video demonstration is provided for some of the neurological tests.
This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This document discusses strategies for eradicating polio in India, including conducting regular pulse polio immunization days, improving routine vaccination coverage and surveillance. Surveillance involves reporting all cases of acute flaccid paralysis, investigating cases, testing stool samples and monitoring efficacy. Pulse polio immunization is conducted as mass administration of oral polio vaccine to children under 5 on national immunization days. India has made significant progress and was removed from the list of polio-endemic countries in 2012 after passing one year without new cases.
This document provides information on various types of cold chain equipment (CCE), including their uses and key specifications. It discusses electrical CCE such as walk-in freezers and coolers, which are used to store vaccines at different temperature ranges. Deep freezers and ice-lined refrigerators are also covered, along with their installation requirements and factors that influence holdover time. The document additionally mentions associated equipment such as voltage stabilizers, ice packs, generators, and inverters.
The cold chain is a system used to store and transport vaccines between 2-8°C from manufacture to point of use. It consists of personnel to manage distribution, equipment like walk-in freezers and coolers to store vaccines, and procedures to ensure proper temperature. Vaccines are transported using cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and ice packs to maintain the cold temperature as they move through various levels like national stores, district stores, PHCs, and outreach sessions. A vaccine vial monitor indicates acceptable heat exposure and the reverse cold chain transports specimens back to testing laboratories.
This document provides an overview of Module 2 which covers storage, handling, delivery, and waste management for COVID-19 vaccines. The module has three parts:
Part A discusses programmatic implications of COVID-19 vaccines including considerations for introduction, stability data, WHO prequalification status, vaccine vial monitors, and planning for vaccine arrival and storage.
Part B focuses on managing storage, transport, and delivery of COVID-19 vaccines depending on required storage temperature. It provides guidance on surge capacity, general principles, and transporting vaccines stored at +2 to +8°C and -70°C.
Part C addresses cold chain management at vaccination posts and waste management at health facilities, including handling vaccine vials
This document discusses India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) and the importance of maintaining a proper cold chain for vaccine storage and transport. It outlines the key components of India's cold chain system, including walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, cold boxes, and vaccine carriers. It describes how each component works and its role in storing vaccines at different levels of the healthcare system from national to sub-center, as well as proper procedures for packing vaccine carriers and maintaining temperatures.
This document discusses India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) and the importance of maintaining a proper cold chain for vaccine storage and transport. It outlines the key components of India's cold chain system, including walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, cold boxes, and vaccine carriers. It describes how each component works and its role in storing or transporting vaccines at the appropriate temperatures from national to sub-center levels to ensure vaccine potency. Maintaining an unbroken cold chain is essential for effective immunization.
The Cold Chain refers to the system used to store and transport vaccines at the proper temperatures from manufacture to point of use. This involves people, equipment, and procedures to keep vaccines within the required temperature range. If vaccines are exposed to excessive heat or light, they may lose potency or effectiveness. Various types of electrical and non-electrical equipment are used at different levels to ensure proper vaccine storage temperatures, including walk-in coolers and freezers, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and ice packs. Vaccine vial monitors are also used to monitor vaccine viability.
The cold chain is a system for storing and transporting vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to point of use. It involves transporting, storing, and maintaining vaccines within a specific temperature range to keep them potent. Breaks in the cold chain can compromise vaccine effectiveness and must be avoided by properly using equipment like refrigerators, freezers, and vaccine carriers with ice packs. The cold chain is crucial for ensuring vaccines retain their ability to prevent disease.
This document discusses India's large universal immunization program (UIP) that protects children against six vaccine-preventable diseases. It explains that vaccines must maintain safety and potency, which can be diminished if exposed to inappropriate temperatures. A cold chain system is essential to ensure the right vaccines reach people at the right place and time at the proper temperature conditions. The cold chain uses equipment like walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators to store and transport vaccines within the required temperature ranges while maintaining hold-over times during power outages. Proper temperature monitoring is crucial for vaccine effectiveness.
The cold chain is a system for storing and transporting vaccines at low temperatures from manufacture to point of vaccination. It is important to maintain the potency of vaccines by keeping them within specific temperature ranges and protecting them from sunlight exposure. The cold chain involves equipment like vaccine carriers, cold packs, refrigerators, and walk-in coolers, as well as supplies, transportation, communication, and manual efforts to ensure vaccines are properly stored and distributed. Proper control and maintenance of the cold chain is essential for effective vaccination programs.
This document discusses the importance of maintaining a cold chain for vaccines in India's Universal Immunization Program. It explains that vaccines must be stored and transported within a specific temperature range to maintain potency. The cold chain involves a system using equipment like walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers, ice-lined refrigerators, deep freezers, cold boxes, and vaccine carriers to store and transport vaccines from manufacturers to immunization sites while keeping them within the proper temperature range. Proper cold chain maintenance is critical to ensure vaccine safety and efficacy.
This document discusses the cold chain system used to store and transport vaccines. It explains that vaccines must be kept within a temperature range of 2-8 degrees Celsius to remain potent. Some vaccines like oral polio vaccine require storage at -20 degrees. The document outlines the different types of equipment used at various levels of the cold chain including walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, ice lined refrigerators, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, day carriers, and ice packs. It provides details on the storage temperatures and capacities of each component to ensure vaccines remain effective from manufacturer to point of vaccination.
Cold chain is defined as the series of actions and equipment applied to maintain a product within a specified low-temperature range from harvest/production to consumption.
The cold chain is a system used to store and transport vaccines at the proper temperatures from manufacturers to recipients. It includes cold chain equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and day carriers. Proper cold chain storage and transportation is crucial because some vaccines like polio and measles must be kept at very cold temperatures to maintain their efficacy. Nurses play an important role in maintaining the cold chain by arranging and transporting vaccines safely using the appropriate equipment and temperatures.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF CENTRAL DRUG STORES.pptxArchana Chavhan
The document discusses proper inventory management and storage conditions for medicines at central drug stores. It provides guidelines for storing medicines based on their stability, including temperature ranges and other environmental conditions. Specific standard operating procedures are outlined for storage, stock management, expiration checking, and disposal of expired drugs. Proper cold chain management is crucial, with refrigerators and freezers used to store vaccines within the required temperature ranges. The key elements of the cold chain including personnel, equipment, and procedures are also summarized.
The document discusses the cold chain system for transporting and storing vaccines at the proper temperatures. It outlines the essential elements of cold chain including personnel, equipment, transportation, and monitoring. Specific equipment discussed includes ice-lined refrigerators to store vaccines between 2-8°C, deep freezers to store vaccines at -18°C to -20°C, cold boxes and vaccine carriers for transport, and ice packs. Proper use and maintenance of this equipment is necessary to ensure vaccine potency from manufacture to administration.
The document discusses the cold chain system for transporting and storing vaccines at the proper temperatures. It outlines the essential elements of cold chain including personnel, equipment, transportation, and monitoring. Specific equipment like ice-lined refrigerators, deep freezers, cold boxes, and vaccine carriers are described. Proper storage temperatures and procedures like shake tests and reading vaccine vial monitors are covered to ensure vaccine potency from manufacture to administration.
The document discusses the cold chain system used for storing vaccines. It defines cold chain as a series of links that keep vaccines within the recommended temperature range from manufacture to administration. Key aspects of cold chain discussed include various equipment used like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, cold boxes, vaccine carriers and ice packs. The document outlines the temperature requirements for different vaccines and nurses' responsibility in maintaining the cold chain to ensure vaccine potency.
The document discusses India's cold chain system for vaccine storage and transportation. It describes the various levels of the cold chain from the state down to primary health centers and sub-centers. Key equipment used includes walk-in freezers and coolers, refrigerated trucks, ice-lined refrigerators, deep freezers, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and ice packs. Proper use and maintenance of the cold chain is important to maintain vaccine potency as vaccines can be damaged by excessive heat, freezing, or light exposure. Failure to properly store and transport vaccines may lead to vaccine failure and adverse events following immunization.
This document discusses the reverse cold chain process for maintaining the cold temperature of samples collected from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases that are transported from clinics to laboratories for poliovirus testing. Key aspects of the reverse cold chain include standards for sample collection, storage and transport at 0-8°C, as well as reporting criteria to document the absence of poliovirus circulation. Innovations include using temperature log tags to track specimens and providing incentives for reporting AFP cases.
The document discusses India's vaccine cold chain system and its importance. It notes that vaccines must be transported and stored between 2-8°C from manufacture to point of use to maintain potency. Vaccines move from primary stores to state, regional, district and local levels. Equipment includes walk-in freezers, cold rooms, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators, cold boxes, carriers and monitors. Proper temperature maintenance and logistics are essential to ensure effective immunization programs.
The best massage spa Ajman is Chandrima Spa Ajman, which was founded in 2023 and is exclusively for men 24 hours a day. As of right now, our parent firm has been providing massage services to over 50,000+ clients in Ajman for the past 10 years. It has about 8+ branches. This demonstrates that Chandrima Spa Ajman is among the most reasonably priced spas in Ajman and the ideal place to unwind and rejuvenate. We provide a wide range of Spa massage treatments, including Indian, Pakistani, Kerala, Malayali, and body-to-body massages. Numerous massage techniques are available, including deep tissue, Swedish, Thai, Russian, and hot stone massages. Our massage therapists produce genuinely unique treatments that generate a revitalized sense of inner serenely by fusing modern techniques, the cleanest natural substances, and traditional holistic therapists.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
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International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
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2. Things to do…
Before MR campaign
1. Review cold chain system with cold chain technician
Download NCCMIS report showing number of cold chain equipment (ILR, DF, Cold box, Vaccine carriers, Ice packs) available at DVS and each CCPs
Status of non-functional but repairable equipments
If there is inadequate CCE, plan for inter and intra-district distribution of equipments
2. Estimate target number of population i.e. 9 months to < 15 years children
3. Estimate requirement of MR vaccines for campaign
4. Calculate cold chain space required for MR vaccines storage.
5. Calculate space required for dry storage i.e. diluents, syringes and other logistics like hub cutter, red and black bags, IEC materials etc.
6. Ensure training of vaccine and cold chain handlers on cold chain as per latest guidelines
7. Ensure storage of RI and MR vaccines at Cold chain point as per GOI guidelines
8. Prepare contingency plan for storage of MR vaccine.
9. Prepare freezing plan for icepack freezing
10. Do planning for vaccine distribution with delegation of responsibility to manpower
11. Plan for disposal of immunization waste as per CPCB guidelines i.e. safety pits, agency etc. .
During MR campaign
1. Distribute vaccine and logistics as per plan
2. Packing and transportation of vaccines in vaccine carrier and cold boxes
3. Proper management of returned vaccines from session site
4. Disposal of vaccines as per CPCB guidelines
5. Record maintenance of vaccine distributed and returned.
3. Review of cold-chain status
•DRCHO to engage Cold Chain Technician (CCT) for
cold chain space planning
•CCT to identify all repairable cold-chain
equipment
•Repair of cold chain equipment well before the
activity
•Making spare parts available.
•Use state HEMR team for major repair
4. Major steps in Ensuring Effective Vaccine Logistics
Order vaccines in advance
Make a written distribution plan from PHC to session sites. The plan should
include
specified responsible person at each post;
specify when and how supplies will be distributed and returned;
return of unused vaccines in reverse cold chain;
return of injection wastes from session sites and their disposal as per CPCB norms.
Pay particular attention to logistics needs for HRAs / Ps;
Ensure that vaccine and diluent are from same manufacturer, and that AD
syringes, reconstitution syringes and injection safety equipment are always
distributed together in matching quantities.
5. Maintaining the Cold Chain System
• MR vaccine can be stored in WIC/ILRs at +2 to +8 0C or in WIF/deep
freezers (DFs).
• Diluents should never be stored in a freezer or in minus
temperatures because of threat of micro cracks in the ampoule and
thus risk of contamination.
• Diluent ampoules can be stored in ambient temperature until the
day before the actual campaigns starts.
• Only the diluents that will be used for the forthcoming session will
have to be stored in ILR for at least 24 h before session timing to
match their temperature with vaccine during reconstitution.
6. Planning for cold-chain Space
Key Factors to be considered
Target Population to be covered All children between 9 month to less than 15 yrs. of age
Cold chain space required for Full Immunization of child
63.9 ml at district level
90.8 ml at PHC/block level
Cold chain space required per child in MR Campaign
2.6 ml per dose (for 10 - dose vial)
Cold chain space required for MR Diluents 2.6 ml/dose
Cold chain space required for 0.5 ml AD syringe 60.6 cc
Cold chain space required for 5 ml reconstitution syringe 57.2 cc
Wastage Multiplication factor for MR campaign vaccine 1.1
Vaccine storage space available at cold chain point WIC/WIF/ILR/DF/Cold-boxes
7. Estimation of Cold Chain Space
• Volume of cold chain space available for vaccine supplies for MR campaign =
total available cold chain space minus estimated volume of space required
for RI services.
• At the district level, cold chain space will mainly be utilized for storing
vaccines.
• At the sub-district level (block / PHC), cold chain space will be needed for
freezing ice packs and storing vaccines and diluents.
• Since activity may spread over nearly 4 weeks, vaccines can be supplied in
aliquots (50% before activity, 25% at the end of the first week and 25% at the
end of the second week) if there is a constraint of cold space.
8. Example 1: Calculation of cold chain space at district HQ
For Routine Immunization
1. For a District of 20 lakh population (Considering 3 months storage of
routine vaccines including buffer stock and lead time etc., that comes to 2.75
months of net storage space).
2. With birth rate of 16/1000 and number of estimated infant to be
immunized annually 32,000 for Routine Immunization in the district
(Example if 10 dose MR vaccine is delivered)
a. total number of children to be immunized every month i.e. 32,000/12=2667;
b. for every child to be fully immunized cold chain space need is 63.9 cm3;
c. cold chain space needed for maximum stock (2.75 months) is
63.9*2667/1000 *2.75 = 469 litres,
9. For MR Campaign
a. Age group is 9 months to <15 years which is less than a third of the net
population;
b. Estimated target population to be vaccinated based on mid-year population as on
1st April 2018 is 27.32%
c. Total children to be immunized with MR vaccine ie.20,00,000* 27.32/100 =
5,46,400;
d. MR vaccine doses required = 5,46,400 *1.11 (WMF) = 6,06,504;
e. Total cold chain space needed (in litres) for storage of MR campaign vaccine (2.6
cm3 per dose): 6,06,504 *2.6/1000 = 1577 litres;
Hence total cold chain capacity required for district including RI and MR
Vaccination Campaign : 469 litres + 1577 litres = 2046 litres (vaccine alone).
This is equivalent to 19 large ILRs, each of 108 litres net storage capacity
(combined storage)
or
10 to 11 large Deep Freezer of 200 litres net vaccine storage capacity for
MR vaccine only.
10. Example 2: Calculation of cold chain space at last CCP
For Routine Immunization
• Cold chain space needed for a block PHC of 1 lakh population (considering 1 month’s storage of
routine vaccines, with a birth rate of 25/1000 and estimated infant population of 2500) for RI.
• Total number of children to be immunized every month = 2500/12 = ~ 210;
• For every child to be fully immunized, cold chain space needed is ~ 90.8 cubic cm
• Total cold chain space needed is 90.8 x 210/1000 = ~ 19 L.
For MR Campaign
• Net children to be immunized with MR vaccine is 100 000 x 27.32/100 = 27,320 (assuming 27.32% of the total
population as target age group);
• Vaccine doses required = 27,320 x 1.11 (WMF) = 30,325;
• Total cold chain space needed (in L) for storage of MR vaccine (2.6 cubic cm per dose) = 30325 x 2.6/1000 = 79 L.
• Hence total cold chain space required in a PHC for storing vaccines including RI and MR campaign =
19 L + 79 L = 98 L
• Two small ILRs of 45 L net capacity or 1 large ILR of 108 L net capacity is required for both routine
and MR Campaign in the PHC.
11. Dry Cold chain storage space requirement
• Diluent: 1 dose = 2.6 ml
• 0.5 ml AD Syringe = 60.6 cc;
• 5 ml reconstitution syringe = 57.2 cc
Calculating dry cold chain space required for AD syringes and
reconstitution syringes.
• Per dose dry space requirement = 60.6 + 57.2/10 = 66 cc
• Each team to have 1 hub cutter, red and black bags and other necessary
logistics.
13. Storing vaccines in ILR
Placement of vaccines at session site
Vaccine keeping at CCP and at session site
Net vaccine storage volume of electrical and non-electrical
cold chain equipment of different makes
14. REMEMBER
Each cold chain point needs to calculate storage space requirement and
compare with present (operational) capacity, deducting space for airflow;
Calculation of cold chain capacity is mandatory along with a plan on how to
substitute for shortages of capacity. If capacity (due to malfunctioning or any
other reasons) is not sufficient, this needs to be reported during the planning
meetings;
If shortage of cold chain materials cannot be completely substituted from the
state level, solutions must be found locally with partners, or shifting around of
equipment within the district must be considered;
Vaccine presentation and package will define your cold chain space required. 10-
dose MR vaccine vials + diluents will require half the storage space than when 5-
dose traditional measles vaccine vials were used.
15. Contingency Measures for MR Vaccine Storage
•Deep Freezers
•Cold boxes
•Ice- factory
•Private cold storage facilities
•Vaccine vans can also act as temporary storage
16. Calculating Icepack Requirements
oTo sufficiently freeze icepacks, the icepacks need to be kept in the freezer for a
minimum of 24 hrs.
oVaccines carriers require 4 icepacks each and each team will need 2 vaccine
carriers, i.e. 8 icepacks per vaccinator per day initially and at least one
replacement set (4 ice packs) during the day.
oDaily ice pack requirement = No. of vaccinators x 8 icepacks + replacement set
of 4 icepacks = 12 icepacks.
o Additional ice packs for supervisors = No of supervisors x 4 icepacks +
replacement set of 4 icepacks = 8 icepacks and
oFor storage in cold boxes = 20 to 40 icepacks per load
oTotal ice pack requirement (freezing cycle) = Daily icepack requirement x 3
17. Example: calculation of ice pack requirement
• A PHC has 6 teams with 6 vaccinators. Each vaccinator requires 2
vaccine carriers with 4 icepacks each, plus 4 replacement icepacks
for 1 day of activity. The total requirement for 1 day at the PHC is
- 6 vaccinators x 12 = 72 ice packs
- 2 Supervisors x 8 = 16 ice packs
- Additional icepacks for cold boxes for storage and transportation of
vaccine and diluents = 40
• Total icepack requirement for PHC (including freezing cycle): (72 +
16 + 40) x 3 = 384
19. Packing of Vaccine carrier and Cold box
• Vaccine carrier packing
• Vaccine carrier-1 can be loaded with 24 vials of MR vaccine (240 doses) or 12 vials of MR vaccine(120 doses) and 12 vials of
diluents;
• Vaccine carrier-2 can be loaded with 24 vials of diluents or 12 vials of MR (120 doses) and 12 vials of diluents.
• During packing a vaccine carrier put the diluents with paper packing box or original blister packs at the centre of the vaccine
carrier and vaccine vials around it. This is to avoid diluent ampoules from coming in direct contact with frozen icepacks.
• Cold boxes
• In the absence of adequate ILRs or DFs, cold boxes can be used for storage of vaccines during a short period (2–7 days).
• Cold boxes can also be used for keeping diluents cool 24 hrs. before vaccination, if adequate space is not available in the ILR.
Vaccine vials in zip lock bags Diluents in blister packs above vaccine vials Packing of Cold box
20. Maintaining cold chain during vaccination session
MR vaccine is very sensitive to heat and sunlight. Never expose the vaccine carrier, the vaccine vial or icepack to direct
sunlight;
All vaccines and diluents should be kept inside the vaccine carrier with the lid closed until a child comes to the centre for
vaccination;
The vaccine vial monitor (VVM) on the cap of the vaccine vial indicates whether the vaccine is usable or not. Keep the vaccines
always in a zip lock plastic bag away from water to protect the labels and the VVM;
At the time of reconstitution, the diluents must have the same temperature as of the vaccine. Ideally, diluents are kept in the
cold chain 24 h prior to reconstitution;
MR vaccine becomes more sensitive to heat after reconstitution. Reconstituted vaccine must be kept between +2 to +8 °C,
away from sunlight and must be discarded 4 h after reconstitution or at the end of the session, whichever is earlier;
The vaccinator should take out one ice pack from the second vaccine carrier (with smaller stock) to keep one vial of
reconstituted vaccine in the well of the ice pack. Once the ice pack melts fully, it should be replaced with a fresh conditioned
ice pack from the same vaccine carrier;
Once the reconstituted vial is finished, the next vial should be taken out of the vaccine carrier for reconstitution only after
arrival of another child in the vaccination session site or if a child is waiting for vaccination;
At the end of the session, the vaccine carrier with all icepacks, unopened vaccine vials and diluents inside, should be sent back
to the concerned cold chain point (vaccine distribution centre);
Intact sealed vials returned on the previous day should be clearly marked and kept separately in the ILR on the top layer so
that these will be the first to be used on the following day.
21. Ensuring adequate supplies and cold chain space for storing
vaccines
• Supplies of vaccines should match the available cold chain capacity at state /
district / block level;
• Readiness of the functional cold chain system to receive the stocks is required
through repair and maintenance of the existing cold chain equipment, i.e.
WICs, WIFs, DFs, ILRs and stabilizers at all levels. Training of the cold chain
handlers on cold chain and vaccine management should be ensured;
• While distributing the vaccines and logistics from the SEPIO/DIO to the
districts/block, oversight is needed. Supply quantities should be based on the
beneficiary estimates per planning template and not on basis of the demand by
the districts;
• Redistribution of vaccine stock during activity, both intra-state and within
districts and blocks / PHCs based on requirement will be essential to minimize
vaccine wastage.
22. How to reduce Vaccine Wastage and Improve Vaccine
Management
• During transport / storage / distribution
• Assure adequate transport means and adequate transport boxes are available;
• Keep MR vaccines in their original packaging as much as possible;
• Always keep the MR vaccines at the correct temperature;
• Store vaccines in cold chain equipment supplied under the immunization programme and
do not store any other item except UIP vaccines;
• Always check expiry date and VVM and use the EEFO principle or VVM highest heat
exposure.
• During vaccination sessions
• Never reconstitute different MR vaccine vials at the same time;
• Never pre-fill any large amount of syringes;
• Never expose a reconstituted MR vaccine vial to direct sunlight;
• Use all vaccine contents in a vial before opening a new vial.
23. Key points
Additional cold chain space will be required for MR vaccine, diluents and ice pack freezing;
10-dose MR vaccine vials will take half the cold-chain space, as compared to 5-dose measles vaccine
vials used at present;
At district level, cold chain space will be used mainly for vaccine storage; at sub-district level, cold chain
space will be needed for both vaccine and diluent storage and for ice pack freezing;
MR vaccine can be stored in either ILRs or DFs, if required, for the duration of MR campaign;
Diluents must only be stored in ILR. To conserve cold chain space, only one day’s supply of diluents can
be kept in ILR;
If the district has a WIC for the division/region, then it can be used for storage of MR vaccine with
separate documentation;
As activity will take place within 3–4 weeks, district level stores can supply vaccines and diluents to
district and sub-district level stores in 2–3 supply cycles (50% – 25% – 25%);
Ice pack requirement including freezing cycle = ice pack required for a day x 3;
Rational vaccine stock management at every stage through constant oversight by DIO and MO at district
and block/PHC level, respectively will be highly critical for minimizing vaccine wastage.
25. Vial protection and arrangement
Vials not placed in zip
lock plastic bag;
exposed to
contaminated water
melted from icepacks.
Vials kept in cold box
with improper
arrangement of
icepacks
26. Do not reconstitute multiple MR vials and do not pre-
fill AD syringes anticipating children in campaign
29. Lessons Learned (1)
Inventory and repair of cold chain materials
• Timely inventory and estimation of minimum requirements
• Repair of existing cold chain equipments
• Use all available equipment, cool boxes, icepacks…
• Use of private sector for freezing ice-packs
Dry storage
• Plan for sufficient space, especially at state and district levels
30. Lessons Learned (2)
Transport
• Plan for sufficient cold boxes, icepacks, vehicles
Diluent temperature @ point of use
• Store diluent 24 hrs before use in ILR with vaccines
• One reconstituted MR vaccine vial at a time
• Fill syringes as you vaccinate (no pre-filling of syringes)
31. Lessons Learned (3)
Plan for sufficient icepacks
• Daily requirements x 3 to allow for freezing
• Replace icepacks 1-2 times a day in hot climate
Vial protection while storage/transportation
• Store vials in plastic bag to maintain hygiene
No re-use of reconstitution syringes
• Sufficient supply, training & supervision to ensure one reconstitution syringe
for each vial
• Never re-use reconstitution syringes
32. Identify a room to store syringes and diluents
prior to their arrival.
Ensure that there is no leakage or seepage in the
room and it can be secured with lock and key
Mark the room with a sign board ‘Dry Storage
Space for MR Campaign’
33. The District Cold Chain Technician must visit
every cold chain point before campaign to
conduct preventive maintenance of
equipment and make all equipment ready for
storage
34. But there are always solutions if at all we
look for it
Vaccine-Logistics has many issues and challenges