Materi Kuliah Metode Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian UGM

1. Breeding Wheat

2. Allohexaploid nature of bread
wheat
T. monococcum
AA
T unknown
BBx
T. turgidum
AABB
T. tauschii
DDx
T. aestivum
AABBDD
Enables:
•Translocations (1BL/1RS)
Disease resistance
•Resynthesis
New resistance from T. turgidum
and T. tauschii
•Triticale
Hexaploid AABBRR
Octaploid AABBDDRR

3. Major diversity types
of cultivated wheat
• Winther/spring types (genes for vernalisation)
– almost only winther types in DK, spring types further
north in Scandinavia
– Winther types higher yielding than spring types
– Winther types lower baking quality than spring types
• Winther hardiness
– frost tolerance, disease resistance, spring regrowth
• Photoperiod response
– important for northern areas including DK

4. Basic breeding procedures
• Hybridisation, inbreeding and selection of pure
lines
– recombination of adapted material
– backcrossing from less adapted material
• Hybrid cultivars are not competitive
– cms, restorations: A, B and R lines (T. timophevi)
– gametocides

5. Breeding goals
(North western Europe)
• Yield and yield stability (many site testing)
• Earliness (escape drought or heat, ready
before autumn)
• Lodging resistance (dwarfing genes)
• Winther hardiness (in situ and ex situ testing)
• Disease resistance
– yellow rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew, Septoria

6. Breeding goals
dry warm areas
• Sufficient early to exploit accessible moisture
• Drought tolerance
• Insect resistance
– Hessian fly (larvae feeding on straw etc)
– Greenbug and other types of aphids
– leaf beetles

7. Quality of hexaploid wheat
• Baking types (hard types)
– loaf volume by baking test (see picture p 275)
– protein content
– falling number
– sedimentation value
• Feed types (soft types), biscuits (picture 277)
– protein content
– lysine, methinine and cystein content (Lysimax)
– Phytin content (Transgenic approaches)