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1. Movements of Bones in Axial &
Appendicular System
PRESENTED BY- TANIYA MONDAL, M.SC NURSING (PART-I)

2. Introduction
The skeletal system includes all of
the bones, cartilages, and ligaments
of the body that support and give
shape and structure to the body.
There are 206 bones in an adult
human being.

3. Classification of Skeletal System
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial and appendicular.
Axial Skeleton:
The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of
the head, neck, chest, and back.
Appendicular Skeleton:
The appendicular skeleton includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the
bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton

4. Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

5. Bones of Axial System
● Skull:
1) Cranial vault and base - 8
2) Face - 14
3) Auditory ossicles - 6
4) Hyoid (Tongue Bone) - 1
● Vertebra:
1) Cervical - 7
2) Thoracic - 12
3) Lumbar - 5
4) Sacral-fused - 1
5) Coccygeal - 1
● Ribs: 12 pairs = 24 in number
● Sternum : 1

6. Bones of Appendicular System
● Upper limb (Right and Left)
1) Clavicle - 2
2) Scapula - 2
3) Humerus - 2
4) Radius - 2
5) Ulna - 2
6) Carpals - 16
7) Metacarpals - 10
8) Proximal phalaynx - 8
9) Middle phalaynx - 8
10) Distal phalanges - 10

7. Bones of Appendicular System
● Lower limb
1. Pelvic bone - 2
2. Femur - 2
3. Patella - 2
4. Fibula - 2
5. Tibia - 2
6. Tarsals - 14
7. Meta tarsals - 10
8. Middle phalanges - 18
9. Distal phalanges - 10

8. Bones of Appendicular System

9. Bones of Appendicular System

10. Bones in Appendicular System

11. Bones in Appendicular System

12. Joints
Joints can be classified according to their structure and function.
➢ By Structure:
1. Fibrous Joints
2. Cartilaginous Joints
3. Synovial Joints

13. JOINTS

14. Joints

15. Types of Joints (Contd.)
➢ By Function:
1. Synarthrosis (range of joint motion: no movement)
E.g.- Skull Sutures, articulations of bony sockets and teeth in facial skeleton
1. Amphiarthrosis (range of joint motion: little Movement)
E. g.- distal joint between the tibia and the fibula and the pubic symphysis
1. Diarthrosis (range of joint motion full movement)
E.g.- Elbow, shoulder, ankle.

16. Movements of Bones
• Flexion:
Bending the joint that
decreases the angle between
the bones.
• Extension:
Straightening the bones to
increase the angle between
them.

17. Movements of Bones
• Dorsiflexion:
Bending the foot up towards the leg.
• Planter flexion:
Bending the foot down as in toe dancing.
• Inversion:
Turning the sole inward.
• Eversion:
Turning the sole outward.

18. Movements of Bones

19. Movements of the Bones
• Abduction:
Movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away
from the body.
• Adduction:
Movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward
or across the midline of the body.

21. Movements of the bone
• Protraction:
anterior motion of the scapula or mandible.
• Retraction:
posterior motion of the scapula or mandible
• Depression:
downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible
• Elevation:
upward (superior) motion of the scapula or mandible

24. Movements of the Bones
Rotation:
movement of a bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or
around its long axis (proximal radioulnar joint; shoulder or hip joint);
twisting of the vertebral column resulting from the summation of
small motions between adjacent vertebrae.

26. Movement of the Bones
• Supination:
Turning the hand so that palm faces upwards.
• Pronation:
Turning the hand so that the palm faces downwards.
• Circumduction:
A combination of movements as in circular arm movement.

29. Movements of the Bones
• Opposition:
thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the
tip of a finger.
• Reposition:
movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical
position (next to index finger).

31. Movements of Bones
Bone Segment Movement
1. Elbow Flexion and Extension
2. Forearm Pronation and Supination
3. Wrist Dorsiflexion and Palmer flexion
4. Shoulder Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction

32. Movements of Bones
Bone Segment Movement
5. Shoulder with abducted arm Internal rotation, External rotation
6. Hip Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
7. Extended hip Internal rotation, External rotation
8. Knee Flexion

33. Movements of Bones
Bone Segment Movement
9. Ankle Planter flexion, Dorsiflexion
10. Cervical Spine Flexion, Extension, Lateral flexion, Rotation
11. Lumber thoracic spine Flexion, Extension, Lateral flexion, Rotation

34. ASSIGNMENT

35. Assignment
1. Briefly define the types of joint movements available at a ball-and-
socket joint.
2. Discuss the joints involved and movements required for you to cross
your arms together in front of your chest.

37. Thank you