This document provides an overview of a presentation on urine testing. It defines urine analysis as the process of analyzing urine to detect abnormalities through physical, chemical and microscopic examination. The purposes listed include general health evaluation, monitoring for abnormalities or diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract or other systemic diseases. Indications and patient, environment and article preparations are outlined. Procedures described include testing urine pH with litmus paper, testing for glucose using Benedict's solution, and testing for albumin using hot and cold tests.

1. RETURN DEMONSTRATION
ON URINE TESTING
PRESENTED BY—
TANIYA MONDAL,
BSC NURSING, 4TH YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION

3. DEFINITION
Urine analysis is a process of analyzing urine scientifically to
detect abnormalities in it’s content. It is a diagnostic physical,
chemical and microscopic examination of urine specimen.

4. PURPOSE
• General evaluation of health.
• Monitoring any abnormality in the urine.
• Diagnosis of disease Or disorders of the kidneys Or urinary tract.
• Diagnosis of other systemic disease that affect kidney function.
• Monitoring of patients with diabetes.
• To determine the acIdity Or alkalinity of urine.
• To determine the presence of glucose, albumin, ketone bodies in urine.
• To measure urine specimen gravity.

5. INDICATIONS
NEXT SLIDE 👉

6. INDICATION

7. PREPARATIONS
• Patient Preparation
• Environment Preparation
• Self Preparation
• Article Preparation

8. ARTICLE PREPARATION:
A steel tray containing-
1. Test tube on a test tube rack
2. Test tube holder
3. Spirit lamp or candle
4. Match box
5. Kidney dish
6. Paper bag
7. Duster Or cotton balls
8. Red and blue litmus paper
9. Filter paper
10. Macintosh
11. A sterile container
12. A dropper
13. Acetic acid
14. Nitric Acid
15. Benedict’s solution
16. Gloves

9. URINE PH TESTING
• Dip one end of litmus paper into urine
• Observe change in colour of blue litmus
( If the litmus paper is blue then it is
considered that the urine is alkaline in nature.
If the blue litmus paper changes it’s colour in
greenish blue then it is considered as the urine
is acidic in nature.)

10. GLUCOSE TESTING IN URINE
1. Take 2ml of Benedict’s Solution in a test tube to
check the purity of Benedict’s solution.
2. Take 5ml of Benedict’s solution in another test tube.
3. Boil this solution in test tube for 2 mins.
4. Add 8 drops of urine into the boiled solution.
Heat it again for some time and leave for cooling.
(Observe changes in colour and compare with standard
colour code described in next slide)

11. STANDARD COLOUR CODE
• Blue liquid with no deposit – Nil sugar
• Green liquid without deposit- Approximately 1% sugar or (+)
• Green liquid with yellow deposit- Approximately 2% sugar or (++)
• Colour liquid with orange deposit- Approximately 3% sugar or (+++)
• Brick read – 5% or above or (++++)

12. ALBUMIN TESTING
Hot Test
• Fill the test tube with ¾ part of urine.
• Light spirit lamp and boil the top 1/8th part
of the urine.
• If cloudy, add 5 drops of 2% acetic acid. If
the urine becomes clear, it is due to
phosphates. If not, heat the entire content
to boil and observe after 15 minutes.
Cold Test
• Take 2cc nitric acid into a clean dry test
tube.
• Pour a similar sample of urine with the
dropper gradually from the side of the test
tube.
• Appearance of a white ring at junction of
urine and acid shows the presence of
albumin.

13. ALBUMIN TESTING
• For better understanding refer to this
video-
https://youtu.be/i7dZBzhQCaI

14. TERMINATION
RECORDING

15. CONCLUSION