motivational theories can be applied in every profession it helps leaders how to manage imployees needs and and how to take work from them.

1. PRESENTER
SEHRISH NAZ
RN BScN
10/14/2017
1

2. 10/14/2017
2
Motivational
theories

3. objectives
10/14/2017
3
At the end of this session learners will be able to
:
 Know and explain motivational theories.
 Identify the practical applications of
motivational theories in nursing.
 Understand the importance of motivational
theories.

4. Introduction
10/14/2017
4
Why is an understanding of theories of
motivation important to managers when they
carry out their professional role?
 This report will examine by examining different
motivational theories in analyzing there
relevance to managers. Firstly the terms
'manager' and 'motivation' will be defined.

5. Cont….
10/14/2017
5
Secondly the motivational theories will be in depth
look into five different motivation theories and
there relevance to managers today.
 These theories are Maslow's hierarchy of needs
(1943), Herzberg's two factor theory(1966),
Adam's Equity theory (1963), Vroom's Expectancy
theory (1964), Locke and Latham's Goal Theory
(1984).
 These different theories will be examined as each
theory has something different a manger can
learn from it.

6. Cont….
10/14/2017
6
These different theories will be examined as
each theory has something different a manger
can learn from it.
Initially the term 'manager' must be defined:
 It is defined by the Oxford English dictionary
as "a person who manages an organization,
group of staff, or sports team.”
(Oxford University Press,
2005)

7. Cont…
10/14/2017
7
• Motivation: is a term used to explain behavior.
• 1.Intrinsic motivation: is the self-desire to seek out
new things and new challenges, to analyze one's
capacity, to observe and to gain knowledge.
• 2.Extrinsic motivation: refers to the performance of
an activity in order to attain a desired outcome and it
is the opposite of intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic
motivation comes from influences outside of the
individual.
Maehr, Martin L; Mayer, Heather (1997). "Understanding Motivation and Schooling: Where We've Been, Where We Are, and
Where We Need to Go" (PDF). Educational Psychology Review 9 (44).

8. 1.Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs
theory
10/14/2017
8
' (Maslow, 1943, p. 375).

9. 1.Physiologic needs
10/14/2017
9
These are the biological or survival needs of
man. E.g food , rest and sleep etc.
 They are the most basic needs that control the
other needs. Until these needs are fulfilled or
satisfied, man will not be able to go to the next
level.

10. 2.Safety needs
10/14/2017
10
Human beings require safety and protection
from danger or external aggressors. The
hallmark of these needs is to seek for
conducive or peaceful abode.
 For example, the desire of war victims to
migrate from their original country to become
refugees in another country is the need for
safety and security.

11. 3.Love and belongingness
needs
10/14/2017
11
 This involves the aspiration of man to establish
a cordial relationship with others. It is the need
of man to love and be loved.

12. 4.Esteem needs
10/14/2017
12
The next thing for him/her is to start seeking for
the things that will make him/her enjoy
considerable influence from others.
 These are the things we desire in order that
our ego will be boosted. The ability of
someone to fulfill this condition makes him/her
feel superior and self-confident. Inability to
fulfill this need, makes a person feel dejected
or inferior.

13. 5.Self actualization needs
10/14/2017
13
 It is the time when a person will like to
distinguish him/herself, by seeking for power
or extra-ordinary achievement. At this point
person is said to have reached the peak of his
potentials.

14. Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual-
factor theory
10/14/2017
14
Frederick Herzberg, theorized that job satisfaction
and job dissatisfaction act independently of each
other.
e.g:
 What do people want from their jobs?
 Do they just want a higher salary?
 Do they want security, good relationships with co-
workers, opportunities for growth and advancement
– or something else altogether?
Herzberg, Frederick; Mausner, Bernard; Snyderman, Barbara B. (1959). The Motivation to Work (2nd
ed.). New York: John Wiley. ISBN 0471373893.

15. Cont…
10/14/2017
15

16. Adams’ Equity Theory
Balancing Employee Inputs and Outputs
10/14/2017
16
Adams' Equity Theory calls for a fair balance
between:
 1. employee's inputs : hard work, skill level,
tolerance, enthusiasm etc.
 2. employee's outputs : salary, benefits, such as
recognition etc.
(J.S.Adam’s,1965)

17. Cont…
10/14/2017
17

18. Vroom’s expectancy theory
10/14/2017
18
Vroom’s expectancy theory differs from the
content theories of Maslow, Adams, Herzberg,
and in that Vroom’s expectancy theory does not
provide specific suggestions on what motivates
organization members.
Instead, Vroom’s theory provides a process of
cognitive variables that reflects individual
differences in work motivation.
 Roethlisberger, F. J., & Dickson, W. J. (1939). Management and the worker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
UniversityPress. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

19. Cont….
10/14/2017
19

20. Goal setting theory by Locke &
Latham
10/14/2017
20
Goal-setting theory is based on the notion that
individuals sometimes have a drive to reach a
clearly defined end state. Often, this end state
is a reward in itself.
(Prof. Edwin Locke of the University of Maryland at College Park)
(prof. Dr. Gray Latham of the University of Toronto, Canada.)

21. Cont…
10/14/2017
21
This thoery is based on two types of methods of
goal setting.
1.Background
A goal's efficiency is affected by three features:
 Proximity
 difficulty
 specificity.

22. Cont…
10/14/2017
22
2: SMART criteria:
 Specific
 Measurable
 Attainable/achievable
 Relevant
 Time-bound

23. Practical application of motivational
theories in nursing
10/14/2017
23
Managers provide the critical link between the
delivery of nursing care and the administration.
It is vital for nurse managers to provide a work
environment that supports professional
nursing practices. Staff nurses are taught how
to carry out clinical functions.

24. Cont….
10/14/2017
24
For them to develop and practice advanced
clinical skills, managers have to buffer the
pressures of daily operations.
They must ask themselves,
 “Am I committed to my employees?”
 “Am I an enthusiastic role model for my
employees?”
 “Do I use positive motivating techniques?”

25. Cont….
10/14/2017
25
 "Do I know each of my employees personally
as a unique individual?“
 "What can I do to create an environment that
supports my employees?"
 "How can I make each of my employees feel
respected and worthy?
If the manager, whether experienced or not,
can answer these questions honestly and
apply motivational techniques differently, he or
she will be the best kind of manager: a true
leader.

26. Importance
10/14/2017
26
 Understanding theories of motivation important
to managers when they carry out their
professional role because "more motivated
staff work harder and are more productive than
those not motivated by their work" (Dixon, R.,
1995, p78).
 Every theory has the ability to "sensitize
managers" to the different techniques
available to them as every individual is
motivated in a different way
(Steers, R. M. and Porter, L. W., 1991, p582).

27. SUMMARY OR THEME
10/14/2017
27
 Workers in any organization need something
to keep them working. Most of the time,
the salary of the employee is enough to keep
him or her working for an organization. An
employee must be motivated to work for a
company or organization. If no motivation is
present in an employee, then that employee’s
quality of work or all work in general will
deteriorate.
Main article: Employee
motivation

28. 10/14/2017
28
Thank you