This document conducts a critical appraisal of a published article on promoting health for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), highlighting strengths and weaknesses in the research methodology and literature review. It also discusses critical literacy and critical thinking, emphasizing their importance in education and decision-making processes. The document references various theories and frameworks related to ethics, pedagogy, and group dynamics, contributing to a broader understanding of the subjects discussed.

1. Critical Appraisal Essay
The purpose of this report is to conduct a critical appraisal of a published article.
Carnwell (1997) describes a critical appraisal as an unbiased and balanced
scrutiny of the research paper so that both its strengths and weaknesses are
highlighted. The focus of the appraisal with be on "Promoting the health of
people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; patients and their carer's
views" (Caress et al, 2010). The format of the appraisal will be formed around a
set of criteria (see appendix 1).
The journal looks at the views of patients and their carer's experiences with living
the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its causes, how they manage
with the symptoms, its progression and what role...show more content...
Caress et al (2010) have included literature from as far
back as 1968. The literature does offer some epidemiology in relation to cause,
distribution and control of the disease with the population but there has been no
research literature put forward for discussion. There is also one journal included
titles "A descriptive study of meaning of illness in chronic renal disease" it could
be argued that this wasn't really relevant to the research being carried out.
There has also been no mention of family systems theory as this would have
been quite beneficial as it looks at the broader picture and takes into
consideration the impact that the disease has on other family members. This
could have supported the decision for including family members within the study.
Caress et al (2010) successfully obtained ethical approval; they state that

2. "Relevant ethical and institutional/governance was obtained" however there was
no mention of who the professional body was that approved them. Beauchamp
and Childress (2001) identify four fundamental principles in achieving ethical
approval, autonomy, non–maleficence, benefince and justice. Autonomy refers to
the individual's right to freely decide if they wish to participate without fear of
coercion, Greaney et al (2012) advise that it is also important to give potential
participants adequate time to freely decide if they
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3. Critical Literacy Essay
Premise for Critical Literacy
Critical Literacy has many different forms, and can be very different depending on which
classroom it is taking place in. The basic premise that I acquired from researching critical literacy
is that it requires the literate consumers of the text to adopt a critical questioning approach (Critical
Literacy, 2015). Critical Literacy is forming an individual opinion on a topic that isn't only
superficial, but also in depth and meaningful. Being critically literate isn't about attaining literacy
for the purpose of reading letters on a page, it is to read the words on the page and become engaged
in a discussion formulating opinions and expressing ideas openly. Becoming critically literate means
that an individual...show more content...
A couple of them are Paulo Freire, Allen Luke,Henry Giroux, and Joe Kincheloe. Many of them
share the same beliefs about this topic, but with a different viewpoint. Paulo Freire was a
twentieth–century Brazilian educator. He was born September 19, 1921 and died May 2, 1997.
Freire was a leading advocate for critical pedagogy, and contributed to the philosophy of education
from a more classical approach such as Plato and modern Marxist. Freire believed in a 'banking
method' which is compared to students. He viewed students as empty bank accounts waiting to be
filled by the teacher. According to Freire, by filling students with this new knowledge it transforms
them into receiving objects (Paulo Freire, Wiki). Paulo Freire believed that Critical thinking was not
a one–way development, not "something done for students or to them" for their own good (Freire,
1989, 34). Freire's pedagogy focused on writing, reading, and things based around the student's life,
and not repetitive lecturing. One of Freire's most stressed phrases, I believe, is "reading the world."
Something that Paulo says is that when reading words, you are actually reading different
perspectives of the
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4. Essay on Critical Thinking
The concepts of critical thinking and creative thinking are both gaining increasing importance in
the world today. Critical thinking allows people to understand difficult concepts in a manner that is
clearer and more defined. They can more readily understand those concepts if they employ critical
thinking. In all portions of everyday life, a person is expected to make independent judgments.
Those judgments are based on experience and knowledge. Without the ability to think critically,
every situation that a person comes across would have to be considered in isolation from all other
situations. When a person encounters a problem that is a new one, he or she may be able to use
critical thinking to solve those problems. One...show more content...
Critical thinking also helps in decision–making. Both problem solving and decision–making abilities
are vital to a prosperous business. Persons who are critical thinkers can make a difference in the
companies in which they are employed. Today?s corporations must first recognize that there is a real
need for critical thinkers. It is important for both the top management down the line. Critical thinking
must be taught and built in to the way the company or organization performs its business. In fact,
companies and organizations must embrace the concept of critical thinking. Critical thinking can
lead to success story after success story. This type of impact gives any company or organization
credibility. According to Supon, one of the fundamental purposes of teaching critical thinking is to
enhance the abilities of students to become critical thinkers. Corporate leaders, educational
researchers, employers, and parents have continually pushed teachers to assist their students in the
development of critical thinking ability. Critical thinking is a skill that ?involved not only
knowledge of content by also concept formation and analysis, reasoning and drawing conclusions,
recognizing and avoiding contradiction, and other essential cognitive activities? (Supon, 1998).
There are proposed reasons for the emphasis that is currently on critical thinking. Many factors can
be related to this emphasis. They include the societal factors of economic shifts
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5. Critical Thinking Reflection Essay
Critical thinking is a significant and essential topic in recent education. The strategy of critical
thinking skills helps identify areas in one's courses as the suitable place to highlight, expand and use
some problems in exams that test students' critical thinking skills.
Critical thinking means accurate thinking in the search of appropriate and dependable knowledge
about the world. Another way to describe it is sensible, insightful, responsible, and skillful thinking
that is focused on deciding what to believe or do. Critical thinking is not being able to process
information well enough to know to stop for red lights or whether you established the right change at
the supermarket.
My academic decisions can sometimes...show more content...
My job now isn't bad, but it takes forever to get there, because I do have a car. I need a job that
closer to home and that would give me more hours. I could gather all the information, weigh the pros
and cons and come to a sound decision. Putting my personal feelings aside and avoid errors in
judgment. Sometimes I need to think without my emotions. It would help me not to use snap
judgments, negative labeling and stereotypes in my thought process. I should also try learning to use
a more creative problem solving, because it helps to approach problem from a different direction
and explores news options. It may also help solve easier problems first and help tackle harder
problems. Should I be a 5th year undergraduate or graduate this year?
I decided last year to change my second major and I was presented with the decision to graduate
on time and not have a second major or stay for an extra year and pursuer my second major. I
briefly talked to my advisor before when I was changing my second major and she told me to look
at everything. She always said that I wasn't too late to change my mind, but the decision was
completely up to me.
Decision: Being a 5th year undergraduate.
ProsCons
I would finish undergrad with two majorsI would have to figure out how to pay for it
I'll be able to stay in the circusI would be in school for 4 more years instead of 3 years
I would get to participate in Dance
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6. Example Of A Critical Review
A Critical Review of Music Therapy's Effect on Postoperative Pain, Anxiety, and Noise Satisfaction
Ross Tapley
University of Memphis
"The Effect of Complementary Music Therapy on the Patient's Postoperative State Anxiety, Pain
Control, and Environment Noise Satisfaction" This is a critical review of the article, "The Effect of
Complementary Music Therapy on the Patient's Postoperative State Anxiety, Pain Control, and
Environment Noise Satisfaction". This study was printed in the Medsurg Nursing Journal in October
of 2013. The authors are Tressa Comeaux and Susan Steele–Moses. This critical review will analyze
the experimental research paper in various aspects. The purpose of this critique is to determine if the
author's research...show more content...
Strengths and Weaknesses
The problem being researched is clinically significant. The purpose is clearly explained and
identifies the reason for the study. The study did not identify who was blinded to the patients, data
collectors, or staff increasing the potential for bias. The hypothesis can only be partially supported
due to various issues regarding sample size, control manipulation, and the patient's reactions to a
negative diagnosis. The training of the data collectors was not clearly expressed. The data was
collected ethically and consistently throughout the study.
Internal and External Validity
The instruments used measured indirectly and were not always reliable due to various issues with
patients. Because the control group was not told to change any behaviors some of the patients
listened to music which tainted their responses. The instrumentation remained the same throughout
the study, but some participants found the questionnaire too disturbing to answer. The researchers
did provide an adequate description of the measurement methods and can find the extent of their
errors.
Clinical
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7. Critical Analysis of Group Work Essay example
After completing the group task of preparing a presentation on, transferring individual facilitation
skills into a group work setting I will critically reflect upon my own participation. I will evaluate my
self–awareness while working in the group, as well as those around me. The way that I personally
dealt with any issues that arose within the group and how that affected the group dynamics. I will also
briefly discuss the roles in which each member of the group took and how role allocation affected,
the group dynamics and the working relationships. Finally I will evaluate my work having discussed
it with my fellow group members.
In order to evaluate my role within the group it is important to identify what makes a group. A group
must...show more content...
Similar to Tuckman's five stages of group development is Corey and Corey, they claim that the first
stage; Pregroup is "setting expectations, establishing group rules and procedures, role preparation
and skills building" (Corey, Corey, Corey 2010 p123). The group did well in this stage, as the
group was given a very clear aim, we discussed each members skill sets and while preparing a
group contract with our aims objectives and rules. A group contract is a very useful facilitation
tool as it sets out very clear guidelines for the group and defines what is acceptable and
unacceptable behaviour for the group members (Tuckman 1965). The group members were able to
gain clarity from the group contract, allowing them to identify the norms and boundaries of the
group. For example our group decided that if a member were for any reason not be able to attend a
meeting they would have to let the team know in advance, if this did happen the rest of the team
would relay the information via email to the missing group member.
The next time the group met they were in the storming stage (Tuckman 1965). This stage is where
any conflict happens, the group member explore their roles within the group. Within this stage there
can often be a struggle for power, status and control. Even though conflict
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