The motherboard is the main circuit board inside a PC that contains and controls the components responsible for processing data. It holds the processor, memory chips, I/O chips, and expansion slots. The motherboard determines the type of CPU, memory, ports, and compatibility standards. It connects all parts of the PC either directly or indirectly and allows them to communicate via buses on the board.

1. MOTHERBOARD
The Main Printed Circuit Board
Inside The PC That Contains and
Controls The Components That
Are Responsible For Processing
Data.

2. WHAT IS MOTHERBOARD?
The most important part of a PC is the
motherboard. It holds:
the processor chip
memory chips
chips that handle input/output (I/O)
the expansion slots for connecting peripherals

3. MOTHERBOARD HOLDS
The Processor
Memory
Expansion Slots
Connects Directly or Indirectly to
Every Part of The PC

4. MOTHERBOARD IS MADE UP
OF
A Chipset (known as the “glue logic”)
Some Code in ROM
Various Interconnections or Buses

5. MOTHERBOARD DETERMINES
CPU type and speed
Chipset
Secondary cache
type
Types of slots
Number of slots
Type of memory
Number of memory
sockets and
maximum memory
Type of case
ROM
Plug & Play
compatibility
Type of keyboard

7. A CHIP
A chip (microchip) is an integrated circuit - a
thin slice of silicon crystal packed with
microscopic circuit elements
e.g. wires, transistors,
capacitors, resistors

8. MOVING DATAA data bus (a data path): connects the
parts of the motherboard.
RAM
EXPANSION CARDS

9. RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM).
RAM is used to hold programs while they
are being executed, and data while it is be
ing processed.
RAM is volatile, meaning that information
written to RAM will disappear when the co
mputer is turned off.

10. RAM
RAM contents can be
accessed
in any (i.e. random) or
der.

11. VITURAL MEMORY
Virtual memory uses part of the
hard disk to simulate more memory
(RAM) than actually exists.
It allows a computer to run
more programs at the same
time.
Virtual memory is
slower than RAM.

12. ROM
Read-Only Memory can
be read but not changed.
It is non-volatile storage: it
remembers its contents even when th
e power is turned off.
ROM chips are used to store the
instructions a computer needs during
start-up, called firmware.
Some kinds of ROM are PROM,
EPROM, EEPROM, and CD-ROM.

13. CMOS
A computer needs a semi-permanent
way of keeping some start-up data
e.g. the current time, the no. of hard disks
the data may need to be
updated/changed
CMOS memory requires (very little)
power to retain its contents.
supplied by a battery on the motherboard
BATTERY

14. THE CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
is the chip on the motherboard that
acts as the "computer's brain"
it does calculations, and coordinates
the other motherboard components
CPU examples: the Pentium, the
PowerPC chip
The CPU is also known as the
processor or microprocessor.

15. SOME PROCESSOR(CPU)
POWER PC
CHIP
CHIP FAN
PENTIUM CHIP

16. Most expansion cards
contain a port.
Data
originates
in RAM
A connector cable plugs
into the port, and leads
to a peripheral.
The expansion bus
transports data through
the motherboard.

17. Common expansion cards:
graphics card (for connecting to a monitor)
network card (for transmitting data over a
network)
sound card (for connecting to a microphone
and speakers)
Most PCs offer 4-8 expansion slots.

18. EXPANSION SLOT TYPES
There are several different types of
expansion slot:
ISA: older technology, for modems and slow
devices
PCI: for graphics, sound, video, modem or
network cards
AGP: for graphics cards

19. CONNECTOR CABELS

21. BOOTING A COMPUTER
Booting is the sequence of computer
operations from power-up until the system
is ready for use this includes hardware tes
ting, and loading the OS.
The computer checks the CMOS memory.
The computer loads configuration settings
from Config.sys or the Windows Registry.