MORPHOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CONODONT (group-D).pptxKuki Boruah
Conodonts are marine organism ranging from Cambrian to Triassic periods, having a long wormlike body, numerous small teeth and a pair of eyes.
It is now believed as the earliest vertebrate and now it is an extinct group of organism.
First identified by the LATVIAN embryologist and palaeontologist Christian Pander in 1856.
Conodonts are most frequently occuring fossil in marine Sedimentary Rocks.
Size of Conodonts commonly in between 200 microns and 5 millimetres.
The preserved color varying from translucent and colorless through light brown to black.
Brief description on Phylum Brachiopods with general terms used for Paleontology.
Structure paleoecology, geography, morphology.
And also easily understandable as since it discuss only specific terms only.
MORPHOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CONODONT (group-D).pptxKuki Boruah
Conodonts are marine organism ranging from Cambrian to Triassic periods, having a long wormlike body, numerous small teeth and a pair of eyes.
It is now believed as the earliest vertebrate and now it is an extinct group of organism.
First identified by the LATVIAN embryologist and palaeontologist Christian Pander in 1856.
Conodonts are most frequently occuring fossil in marine Sedimentary Rocks.
Size of Conodonts commonly in between 200 microns and 5 millimetres.
The preserved color varying from translucent and colorless through light brown to black.
Brief description on Phylum Brachiopods with general terms used for Paleontology.
Structure paleoecology, geography, morphology.
And also easily understandable as since it discuss only specific terms only.
Pelecypoda - it's Musculature and ligaments with its importanceEarthDetective
Youtube video link of this presentation: https://youtu.be/QhLFUUP7v3U
Hello, In this video, Mohammad Siam Hossain described the Musculature & Ligaments of Pelecypoda with its Importance | Paleontology | Geology
Reference:
1. https://images.app.goo.gl/i4SW6W8aL43zumZY9
2. https://images.app.goo.gl/mcyFL2sTE4ksTqfQ7
3. https://images.app.goo.gl/guqSi6N3HMuLqZCL6
4. https://www.slideshare.net/LeeannaCota/mollusks-bivalvesgastrocepha-marine
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia
Follow our Facebook Page:
https://www.facebook.com/earthdetective
#pelecypoda #paleontology #ligament #geology #musculature
#invertebrate
Graptolites is an important index fossil for Paleozoic rocks and common throughout the world. As in Pakistan the sequences from the Ordovician to carboniferous age missing but these strata are exist in Noshehra and Chitral, so thats why its more valuable as regional fossil of sub-continent.
This is my presentation on the tectonic control of sediments.
It includes the effects of tectonics either direct or indirect on sediments and sedimentation.
Sedimentation along various plate boundaries.
Few examples as evidence from Pakistan (the Siwalik Group) and Argentina (Fiambala Basin)
Pelecypoda - it's Musculature and ligaments with its importanceEarthDetective
Youtube video link of this presentation: https://youtu.be/QhLFUUP7v3U
Hello, In this video, Mohammad Siam Hossain described the Musculature & Ligaments of Pelecypoda with its Importance | Paleontology | Geology
Reference:
1. https://images.app.goo.gl/i4SW6W8aL43zumZY9
2. https://images.app.goo.gl/mcyFL2sTE4ksTqfQ7
3. https://images.app.goo.gl/guqSi6N3HMuLqZCL6
4. https://www.slideshare.net/LeeannaCota/mollusks-bivalvesgastrocepha-marine
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia
Follow our Facebook Page:
https://www.facebook.com/earthdetective
#pelecypoda #paleontology #ligament #geology #musculature
#invertebrate
Graptolites is an important index fossil for Paleozoic rocks and common throughout the world. As in Pakistan the sequences from the Ordovician to carboniferous age missing but these strata are exist in Noshehra and Chitral, so thats why its more valuable as regional fossil of sub-continent.
This is my presentation on the tectonic control of sediments.
It includes the effects of tectonics either direct or indirect on sediments and sedimentation.
Sedimentation along various plate boundaries.
Few examples as evidence from Pakistan (the Siwalik Group) and Argentina (Fiambala Basin)
A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. The word comes from vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine. Animals that are not vertebrates are called invertebrates. Vertebrates include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
Larval forms and their significance in arthropodaRekha Jalandra
This presentation is all about the larval forms being found in phylum arthropoda. It starts with the introduction of phylum arthropoda and then detailed information about the larval forms and their significance. i have included total 9 larval forms in this presentation.
Fish are the gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups.
This presentation provide information about salient feature of cyclostomata with proper examples and explanation why they are classified in this class.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
4. The Gastropoda [Gr. Gastros=stomach+podas=foot] is
one of the main class of phylum Mollusca including
snails, whelks, limpects etc.
Some of the Gastropos are terrestrial, some are
freshwater while all others are marine.
5. The phylum Mollusca is classified into seven classes-
But only three classes are important by the Geological overview.
They are-
Lamellibranchia,
Cephalopoda,
Gastropoda
6. A Gastropods shell is long, conical tube like structure
closed at one end open at the other end. The open anterior end
is known as aperture.
Morphology of Gastropodes have been divided into two parts
Soft parts
Hart parts
Hard Parts
Soft Parts
7. Head with
tantacles& eyes
Mouth cavity
Foot
Gills or lungs
Heart
Peristome
Redula
Nervous system
Mantle
Oesophagus
Stomach
Head
Tantacles
Eyes
Foot Gills
Heart
Redula
Nervous System
Mantle Peristome
Oesophagus Stomach
8. 1.Spire-All The whorls except the
last whorl constitute the spire
of the shell.
Protoconch- The closed
posterior end is known as
protoconch.
Suture line – The whorls are
separated by a slight
depression which is known as
the suture.
Apex- The terminal whorl of
the spire forms the apex.
Spire
Protoconch
Apex
Suture line
9. 2.Body whorl- The last whorl in
which the animal leaves is
known as body whorl.
Aperture- The open anterior
end is known as aperture.
Peristome – The margin of the
aperture is term as peristome.
Inner lip – The inner part of the
peristome is known as inner lip.
Outer lip – The outer part of the
peristome is known as outer
lip.
Body whorl
Aperture
Peristome
Inner lip
Outer lip
10. Columella- A central pillar like
axis extending form apex to
the base of the shell called as
columella.
Siphonal canal- The anterior
tube is the anterior or siphonal
canal .
Anal canal- The posterior tube
is the posterior or anal canal.
Operculum- The aperture of
the shell may be covered by a
plate known as operculum.
Sinus-
Columella
Siphonal canal
Anal canal
Sinus-
11. Two types of ornamentation
present in Gastropoda they
are- Spiral and Transversive
ornamentation.
Spiral-parallel to suture line,
includes pitted sculpture
and raticulate sculpture .
Transversive-It includes axial
coastae,smooth sculpture,
spine, spiral coastae.
12. The forms of the shell depend on the –
Spire angle,
Number the whorl
Shape of the whorl
Size of the last whorl
13. The following are the forms of the shell.
1. Discoidal-The shell is planispirally coiled. The whorls are in
one plane so that the entire arrangement can be seen. ex-
Planorbis.
14. 2. Trochiform- The spire is sharp and acute. the whorl in
the spire increase in diameter gradually. The body
whorl is small and the base of the shell is flate. ex-Trochus.
15. 3. Turbinate- The spire is sharp and acute. the whorl in the spire
increase in diameter gradually. The base which is convex. ex-
Turbo.
16. 4. Turreted-The spire is long with numerous whorls and acute
sharp apex. The body whorl is very small. ex-Turritella.
17. 5. Cylindrical-After gradual increase in the diameter of the spire,
the diameter remains containt or it may reduce near the
base. ex-Voluta.
18. 6. Globular-The spire is small and sharp. The body whorl is large
and round with round aperture. ex-Natica.
19. 7. Fusiform-The shell is spindle-shaped. The body whorl is thick
in the middle and tapering near the bottom and the top. ex-
Fusinus.
20. 8. Convolute-The last whorl of the shell covers all the previous
whorls. The aperture, with crenulated outer lips, is a long as
the shell. ex-Cypraea.
25. 13. Pupaeform-the apex is convex and rounded, whorl increase
in size in spire, all whorl are uniform in diameter and the
aperture is rounded. Ex-Pupa
26. The evolutionary trends in Gastropoda are both progressive
and retrogressive.
Uncoiled simple cap shaped shale started developing
helicoids coiling; planispiral coiling was restricted to pelagic
forms while helicoid coiling observed in benthonic forms.
27. 1. increase in tightness of coiling.
2. increase in evolution of the apex with respect to the last
whorls,
3. development of discoidal shell,
4. increase in the size of the whorls,
5. development of trochiform and biconical shells,
6. development of fusiform shells,
7. modification around the aperture,
8. development of loss of ornamentation and
9. loss of operculum.