The document discusses the relationship between culture and moral behavior. It states that cultures vary substantially in both moral judgments and behaviors. Cultural factors like religion, social institutions, and environment contribute to this variation between and within societies. While there are differences, there are also commonalities as moral thinking and conduct are influenced by cultural learning and social norms. Overall, the document examines how culture shapes ethics and what is considered right or wrong within a society.

1. THE
MORAL AGENT
N
E
S
W

2. MORAL AGENT
 A moral agent is a person who has the ability to discern right
from wrong and to be held accountable for his or her own
actions. Moral agents have a moral responsibility not to cause
unjustified harm. Traditionally, moral agency is assigned only to
those who can be held responsible for their actions.

3. CULTURE
 Culture (/ˈkʌltʃər/) is an umbrella term which encompasses
the social behavior and norms found in human societies, as well
as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities and
habits of the individuals in these groups.[1]
 Humans acquire culture through the learning processes
of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity
of cultures across societies.

4. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
Ethics are the set of moral principles that guide a person's behavior. These morals are shaped by social
norms, cultural practices, and religious influences. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is
unjust, what is good, and what is bad in terms of human behavior.

5. CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
Cultural relativism is the idea
that a person's beliefs, values,
and practices should be
understood based on that
person's own culture, rather
than be judged against the
criteria of another.

6. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
Cultures very substantially in both moral
judgements and moral behaviours.
Cultural variation in morality within
societies can vary as much as cultural
variations in morality between societies.
We review contemporary work on
cultural factors affecting moral
judgements and values, and those
affecting moral behaviours.

7. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
Culture relativism is the view that beliefs,
customs, and ethics are relative to the
individual within his own social context.
In other words, “right” and “wrong” are
culture-specific; what is considered
moral in one society may be considered
immoral in other, and, since no universal
standards of morality exist, no one has
the right to judge another society’s
costumes

8. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
• Cultural variation in morality within
society's can vary so much as cultural
variations in morality between
societies.
• Cultural factors contributions to this
variation include religion, social
ecology (weather, crop conditions,
population, density, pathogen,
prevalence, residential mobility), and
regulatory social institutions such as
kinship structures and economics
markets.

9. CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR
Whether between or within nations and societies,
cultures vary substantially in their promotion and
transmission of a multitude of moral judgments
and behavior. Cultural factors contributing to this
variation include religion, social ecology(weather,
crop conditions, population density, pathogen
prevalence, residential mobility), and regulatory
social institutions such as kinship structures and
economic markets. This variability raises
questions for normative theories of morality, but
also holds promise for future descriptive work on
moral thought and behavior.

10. FILIPINO
CULTURE

11. FILIPINO CULTURE
• The culture of the Philippines is a combination of
cultures of the East and West. Filipino identity was
created primarily as a result of pre-colonial cultures,
colonial influences and foreign traders intermixing
and gradually evolving together. In pre-colonial
times, the Philippines was a divided set of nations,
islands and tribes being ruled by their own kings,
chieftains, lakans, rajahs, datus and sultans. Every
nation has its own identity and some are even part
of a larger empire outside of what is now the
Philippines. Manila, for example, was once part of
the Islamic Sultanate of Brunei, and the Sulu
Archipelago was also part of the Hindu Majapahit.
The advent of colonial rule in the islands marked
the beginning of the Philippines as an entity, a
collection of Southeast Asian countries united under
Spanish Empire.

12. Pakikipagkapwa-tao
Opening yourself to
others and feel one
with other with dignity
and respect deal with
them as fellow human
beings.
• sense of fairness and justice
• concern of others
• ability to empathize with others
• helpfulness and generosity
• practice of hospitality
• sensitive to other feelings and trust

13. Family Orientation
A genuine and deep
love for family.
• commitment and responsibility
• honor and respect
• generosity and sacrifice
• sense of trust and security

14. Joy and Humor
Filipinos have a cheerful
and fun loving approach
to life and its up and
down, pleasant
disposition, a sense of
humor and propensity for
happiness that contribute
not only to the Filipino
charm but also to the
Filipino spirit.
• emotional balance and optimism
• healthy disrespect for power
and office

15. Flexibility, adaptability
and Creativity

16. Hard work and industry
Capacity for hard work
given to raise ones
standard living of a
decent life for ones
family.

17. Faith and Religiosity
Faith in god –
accepting reality to
comprehend as a
human created by god.
“Pampalakas-loob”

18. Extreme Personalism
• always trying to give
personal interpretation to
actions
• thank you with “but”
(compliment-criticism-
complement)

19. Extreme Family
Centeredness
• strong Family protection
good or bad condition

20. Lack of discipline
Relaxed attitude but
poor time management
• impatient and unable to
delay gratification or reward
• love to take shorts-cuts or
“palusot” system
• carelessness

21. Passivity and Lack
of initiative
strong reliance to
others fate
• yeah proud pinoy. Its all
because of the
race(nationality/blood) not by
persons attitude, hard work,
dream and perseverance etc.
• very complacent (relax) but
their rarely is a sense of
urgency (its ok we have 1 day
left to finished, just relax)

22. Colonial Mentality
Patriotism vs active
awareness
• luck of love and appreciation on
what they have
• open outside but side-open or
close inside

23. Colonial Mentality
Patriotism vs active
awareness
• luck of love and appreciation on
what they have
• open outside but side-open or
close inside

24. HOW IS MORAL CHARACTER
DEVELOPED? THE CIRCULAR
RELATION OF ACTS THAT BUILD
CHARACTER AND ACTS THAT
EMANATE FROM CHARACTER
• Character person development
when is said to have character, it
usually implies they have
distinguishing moral qualities,
moral virtues. And moral reasoning
abilities. Less frequently used terms
include morality, virtue and ethics.

25. HOW IS MORAL CHARACTER
DEVELOPED? THE CIRCULAR
RELATION OF ACTS THAT BUILD
CHARACTER AND ACTS THAT
EMANATE FROM CHARACTER
• The development of a moral character is
an intellectual topic that has been argued
for many years. Many philosophers have
argued the point of their existence with
the perplexity of this subject. This has
allowed the philosophers are Aristotle (in
the Necomachean Ethics), Confucius (in
Analects) and Plato (in Apology, phaedo).
To analyze these philosophers critically, it
is important to evaluate their perspective
arguments and what they agree or
disagree regarding the development of a
moral character.

26. MORAL
CHARACTER
A Moral character is defined as a
idea in which one is unique and
can be distinguished from others
perhaps it can assemble qualities
and traits that are different from
various individuals.
Nicomachean Ethnics is a remarkable work
written in 350 B.C by Aristotle. His work was
focused on the importance of development and
behavior among virtuous characters. Aristotle
clarified the importance of ethnical behavior, and
how actions play a role in which an individual
performs. “Eudemonia”, is relative to the how a
moral character develops. It is an end in itself.
Aristotle argued that it was known as a goal of a
healthy life.

27. Nelson Mandela

28. Adolf Hitler

29. THANK YOU