This document discusses accountability and ethics in the public sector. It begins by defining personal integrity and values/ethics. Personal integrity involves acting truthfully and aligning actions with beliefs. Values refer to important principles used to make judgments, while ethics are rules that govern behavior. The document then discusses ethics and ethical standards. Ethical standards are principles established by an organization to communicate its moral values and provide a framework for decision making. These standards are important for an organization's culture. The Philippine government's highest ethical standards are in the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, which outlines eight norms of conduct. Ethical standards should guide decision making to help employees align with an organization's perspectives.

1. Accountability and Ethics
in Public Sector
Presented by:
Libera, Drhanreb
Longcop, Primplyn

2. • Personal Integrity
• Values and Ethics
• Ethics and Ethical Standard
• Ethics and the Administration
• Graft and Corruption
• Cases of Graft and Corruption

3. Personal Integrity
• Personal integrity is the quality of being truthful and honest with
yourself and others, of intentionally aligning your personal behaviors
and actions to be aligned with your own values, principles, and ethics.
To have personal integrity, you have to have self-awareness and have
really explored your value system. In essence, you need to “know
thyself” and your actions need to be consistent with your beliefs.

4. • Integrity, also known as moral uprightness and strong adherence to
honesty and fairness, is closely linked to ethics. Integrity also refers to
wholeness and completeness.

5. • As much as possible, we would want to maintain our integrity. We
cannot afford to do something that would damage it. Some people
may think that they maintain their integrity by keeping their
wrongdoings a secret. Exposed or not, however, they have already
damaged their integrity. After all, integrity involves doing the right thing
even if nobody sees you.

6. Values and Ethics
• Ethics and Values together lay the foundation for sustainability. While they aresometimes used
synonymously, they aredifferent, wherein ethics are the set of rules that govern the behaviour of a
person, established by a group orculture. Values refer to the beliefs for which a person has an
enduring preference.

7. • Ethics has been defined in a variety of ways. In general, it is identified
as “the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong
in human affairs”

8. • Values referto the important and enduring beliefs orprinciples, basedon which an individual makes
judgements in life. It is at the center of our lives which act as a standard of behaviour. Theyseverely
affect the emotional state of mind of an individual. Theycan be personal values, cultural values
orcorporate values.

9. Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
ETHICS VALUES
Meaning Ethics refers to the
guidelines for
conduct, that address
question about
morality.
Value is defined as
the principles and
ideals, that helps
them in making
judgement of what is
more important.
What are they? System of moral
principles.
Stimuli for thinking.
Consistency Uniform Differs from person
to person
Tells What is morally
correct or incorrect,
in the given situation.
What we want to do
or achieve.
Determines Extent of rightness or
wrongness of our
options.
Level of importance.
What it does? Constrains Motivates

10. • While ethics are consistently applied over the period, and remains same for all the human beings.
Values havean individualistic approach, i.e. it varies from person to person but remains stable,
relatively unchanging, but they can be changedover time duetoa significant emotional event.

11. Ethics and Ethical Standards
• Ethical standards are a set of principles established by the founders of
the organization to communicate its underlying moral values. This
code provides a framework that can be used as a reference for
decision making processes.

12. • These standards are an important part of an organization’s culture.
They establish the parameters of behavior that owners and top
executives expect from employees and also from suppliers, at least to
the extent of their relationship with the organization. A corporate
governance system will put a lot of effort into communicating and
enforcing these principles. This is mostly done through behavior
modeling, which means that top executives should set the example of
how lower-level employees should act.

13. • In the context of Philippine government, the highest standards of
ethics are embodied in Republic Act No. 6713 or the Code of Conduct
and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees.

14. • RA 6713 also bears the eight (8) norms of conduct –
• commitment to public interest,
• professionalism,
• justness and sincerity,
• political neutrality,
• responsiveness to the public,
• nationalism and patriotism,
• commitment to democracy, and
• simple living.

15. • These principles should serve also as guidelines for decision-making
processes to help employees align their personal criteria with the
company’s perspectives as different ethical issues arise within normal
business activities. This moral “compass” is crucial to maintain
unethical behaviors down to a minimum, mostly in managerial
positions.

16. Thank you!
Drhanreb A. Libera