This document discusses ethics, morals, values, integrity, and trustworthiness. It defines ethics as dealing with principles of conduct and morals as social and cultural beliefs of what is right or wrong. Key differences are outlined, such as morals dealing with right vs wrong while ethics focuses on good vs evil. Values form the foundation for judging right from wrong. Integrity is doing the right thing even when unobserved, while trustworthiness relies on honesty and reliability. The document also discusses employee rights such as privacy, equal opportunity free from discrimination, and freedom from sexual harassment.
This document discusses accountability and ethics in the public sector. It begins by defining personal integrity and values/ethics. Personal integrity involves acting truthfully and aligning actions with beliefs. Values refer to important principles used to make judgments, while ethics are rules that govern behavior.
The document then discusses ethics and ethical standards. Ethical standards are principles established by an organization to communicate its moral values and provide a framework for decision making. These standards are important for an organization's culture. The Philippine government's highest ethical standards are in the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, which outlines eight norms of conduct. Ethical standards should guide decision making to help employees align with an organization's perspectives.
1. Morals are generally taught by society and relate to groups, while values come from within individuals and are personal principles.
2. Morals motivate good behavior and are deep-seated, whereas values can change with time and circumstances.
3. Ethics are codes or rules set by groups, focusing on duties, while values are individual beliefs about what is good or desirable.
This document provides an overview of ethics and related concepts. It defines ethics as the study of right and wrong conduct, and notes there are three central concepts: good, right, and ought. It discusses virtue ethics, deontological ethics, consequentialism, and how they differ based on character, actions, and consequences. The document also covers civic ethics, professional ethics, codes of ethics, and what constitutes an ethical person and responsible citizenship. It provides examples of civic duties and rights in Tanzania. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to ethics by defining key terms and comparing different ethical approaches.
Values represent what is important or meaningful to individuals and guide behaviors and decisions. Cultural values differ across groups and influence work attitudes. Job satisfaction is determined by how well a person's expectations match their work experiences and resources. It is impacted by personality, equity, and how mentally challenging or supportive the work environment is perceived to be. Managing values and attitudes can help align employees and improve performance and satisfaction.
- Business ethics deals with ethical principles and standards that define acceptable conduct in business. It aims to provide guidelines for businesses to gain public trust and approval.
- There are three main approaches to ethics: consequences of actions, adherence to principles, and development of good character. Ethical theories provide rational justification for how we should live and conduct business.
- Some argue that law is sufficient to regulate business and ethics is not needed. However, others believe ethics is still important as it forms the social fabric and helps businesses attain the common good. Ethics and law should work together to guide appropriate behavior.
This document discusses accountability and ethics in the public sector. It begins by defining personal integrity and values/ethics. Personal integrity involves acting truthfully and aligning actions with beliefs. Values refer to important principles used to make judgments, while ethics are rules that govern behavior.
The document then discusses ethics and ethical standards. Ethical standards are principles established by an organization to communicate its moral values and provide a framework for decision making. These standards are important for an organization's culture. The Philippine government's highest ethical standards are in the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, which outlines eight norms of conduct. Ethical standards should guide decision making to help employees align with an organization's perspectives.
1. Morals are generally taught by society and relate to groups, while values come from within individuals and are personal principles.
2. Morals motivate good behavior and are deep-seated, whereas values can change with time and circumstances.
3. Ethics are codes or rules set by groups, focusing on duties, while values are individual beliefs about what is good or desirable.
This document provides an overview of ethics and related concepts. It defines ethics as the study of right and wrong conduct, and notes there are three central concepts: good, right, and ought. It discusses virtue ethics, deontological ethics, consequentialism, and how they differ based on character, actions, and consequences. The document also covers civic ethics, professional ethics, codes of ethics, and what constitutes an ethical person and responsible citizenship. It provides examples of civic duties and rights in Tanzania. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to ethics by defining key terms and comparing different ethical approaches.
Values represent what is important or meaningful to individuals and guide behaviors and decisions. Cultural values differ across groups and influence work attitudes. Job satisfaction is determined by how well a person's expectations match their work experiences and resources. It is impacted by personality, equity, and how mentally challenging or supportive the work environment is perceived to be. Managing values and attitudes can help align employees and improve performance and satisfaction.
- Business ethics deals with ethical principles and standards that define acceptable conduct in business. It aims to provide guidelines for businesses to gain public trust and approval.
- There are three main approaches to ethics: consequences of actions, adherence to principles, and development of good character. Ethical theories provide rational justification for how we should live and conduct business.
- Some argue that law is sufficient to regulate business and ethics is not needed. However, others believe ethics is still important as it forms the social fabric and helps businesses attain the common good. Ethics and law should work together to guide appropriate behavior.
The document discusses the objectives and key concepts of professional ethics and human values. It aims to understand the moral values that should guide engineering work, resolve moral issues in the profession, and justify moral judgments. It defines terms like morals, values, ethics, integrity, and virtues. It also discusses concepts like work ethics, service learning, respect, living peacefully, caring, sharing, honesty, courage, valuing time, cooperation, commitment, empathy, self-confidence, challenges in the workplace, and spirituality.
Values represent basic convictions about what is good and desirable. They influence attitudes and behavior. Values have content, which is the mode of conduct deemed important, and intensity, how important it is. A value system is a hierarchy of an individual's values based on intensity. Values vary across cultures and lay the foundation for understanding attitudes and motivation. There are two types of values: terminal values representing desirable life goals and instrumental values being preferable means to achieve terminal values.
This document discusses human values and professional ethics. It defines values as socially approved desires and goals that are internalized through learning. Values integrate and fulfill human impulses in a stable way, influence behavior, and help create social norms. Values are classified as relative or absolute, extrinsic or intrinsic, and individual or collective. The document also distinguishes between values, morals, and ethics. It argues that value education is needed to correctly identify aspirations, decide appropriate ways to fulfill them, complement skills with values, and evaluate beliefs. Value education should be universal, rational, natural, and verifiable.
This document discusses ethics in management and business. It begins by defining ethics as moral principles that govern behavior and distinguishes right from wrong. It then discusses the need for business ethics, defining business ethics as the principles and standards that determine right and wrong conduct in business. The document provides characteristics of business ethics and discusses the relationship between ethics and culture. It also addresses ethical dilemmas in business and provides tips for dealing with them, including recognizing issues, getting facts, identifying options, and taking action. Overall, the document provides an overview of key topics relating to ethics in management and business organizations.
This document provides an introduction to ethics. It defines ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with morality and values relating to human conduct. It discusses key concepts in ethics like morality, codes of conduct, moral judgments, and ethical theories. It outlines learning objectives for understanding virtue ethics, religious ethics, situational ethics, and ethical decision making. It also summarizes various ethical theories like consequentialism, deontology, and relativism which provide frameworks for analyzing ethical issues.
This document discusses concepts related to professional ethics including morals, values, integrity, academic integrity, work ethics, service learning, civic virtue, respect for others, caring, sharing, and honesty. It defines these terms and explains their importance. For example, it states that academic integrity is commitment to honest and moral behavior in an academic setting, while civic virtue refers to citizens prioritizing the common welfare of their community over personal interests. Overall, the document provides an overview of key aspects of professional ethics.
Ethics refers to standards of behavior and principles of right and wrong. While morality differentiates between good and bad intentions/actions, ethics is the study of morality - how and why certain behaviors are considered right or wrong. UPSC introduced ethics as a separate paper to encourage examination of practices like sati and untouchability that were once considered moral but are now viewed as unethical. Morals are societal teachings about what is good or bad, while values come from within individuals. Something can be legal but still unethical if it violates personal or societal ideals of right and wrong. Both ethics and religion do not always align, as religious practices have sometimes been deemed intolerant by modern ethical standards.
Values And Ethics – How Are They Different?Satjitkumar
Both “values” and “ethics” are important to ensure that the behavior and actions of people in society are appropriate. Many people erroneously opine that these two terms are synonymous with each other. But it is not so. When “values” and “ethics” are minutely examined, we get to see that there are many differences between these two words.
This document provides an introduction to ethics. It defines ethics as a set of principles that govern behavior and determine what is good and bad or right and wrong. Ethics comes from the Greek word for character. It covers moral bases, rights and responsibilities, and guides how to live a good life. Sources of ethics include religion, tradition, cultures and philosophies. Business ethics deals with right and wrong in business contexts. Work ethics applies morals and ethics to work situations. Factors influencing work ethics include personal values, social values, organizational/industry norms, and government rules and regulations. Values are important principles that influence behavior, while norms are expectations for proper behavior. Attitudes represent people's approaches and can be positive or negative.
Values and ethics are central to any organization. Values provide the basis for judging what is important for an organization's success and determine what is considered right or wrong. Values are formed early in life through influences like family, friends, religion and culture. An individual's ethics are also shaped by their experiences, moral beliefs, situational factors, and religious upbringing. For businesses, ethics are primarily influenced by culture, laws, and religious traditions. Upholding ethical values and practices is important for good governance and builds trust within an organization.
This document discusses ethics in public administration. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including the origin of ethics, definitions of ethics, and the relationship between ethics and morals. It then discusses the origin of ethics from ancient cultures and philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. The document defines ethics as a branch of philosophy concerned with human conduct and interactions. It distinguishes ethics from morals, noting that ethics provide principles and standards to guide behavior while morals represent individual values and beliefs. The document outlines important aspects of ethics in administration like integrity, responsibility, impartiality and justice. It also discusses sub-discipline divisions of ethics including meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics.
This document discusses several topics related to ethical reasoning and its implications for accounting, including integrity, religious and philosophical foundations of ethics, cultural values, the six pillars of character, and modern moral philosophies. It emphasizes that integrity is the foundational virtue for accountants and examines concepts like trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship. It also addresses reputation, ethical relativism, and civility in the workplace.
This document provides an overview of basic ethics concepts. It defines ethics as concerning what is good and right versus bad and wrong conduct. It discusses ethical theories for judging acts, and why being ethical is important. Normative ethics evaluates what should be, while descriptive ethics describes what is. Overall, ethics involves determining moral standards to judge actions as right or wrong.
Ethics are typically defined as the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession.
Moral Values are something that makes reaching our higher self easier. Though many people are not really conscious of this fact and tend to ditch these values as they tread of their life paths.
This document defines key concepts related to values and beliefs in nursing. It begins by outlining objectives to define values/beliefs, explain how behaviors relate to values, identify sources of professional nursing values, apply cultural and developmental perspectives to values, and examine values conflicts and resolutions. It then defines terms like values, beliefs, attitudes, assumptions, and discusses types of beliefs, values, and how values are transmitted and influence behavior. It concludes by outlining some key professional values for nurses like altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to ethics and morality. It begins by defining legality, ethics, and ethical behavior. It then defines business ethics and different approaches to normative and descriptive business ethics. It discusses the importance of business ethics and how it can help improve decision making. Finally, it covers concepts like morality, values, personal and social responsibilities, personality, and goal orientation. The key takeaways are that ethics considers what is right and wrong, business ethics examines ethical issues in business contexts, and understanding ethics can help improve ethical decision making.
Ethics is a set of rules that define right and wrong conduct.
Business ethics can be defined as written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company. In the business world, the organization's culture sets standards for determining the difference between good and bad decision making and behavior.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
The document discusses the objectives and key concepts of professional ethics and human values. It aims to understand the moral values that should guide engineering work, resolve moral issues in the profession, and justify moral judgments. It defines terms like morals, values, ethics, integrity, and virtues. It also discusses concepts like work ethics, service learning, respect, living peacefully, caring, sharing, honesty, courage, valuing time, cooperation, commitment, empathy, self-confidence, challenges in the workplace, and spirituality.
Values represent basic convictions about what is good and desirable. They influence attitudes and behavior. Values have content, which is the mode of conduct deemed important, and intensity, how important it is. A value system is a hierarchy of an individual's values based on intensity. Values vary across cultures and lay the foundation for understanding attitudes and motivation. There are two types of values: terminal values representing desirable life goals and instrumental values being preferable means to achieve terminal values.
This document discusses human values and professional ethics. It defines values as socially approved desires and goals that are internalized through learning. Values integrate and fulfill human impulses in a stable way, influence behavior, and help create social norms. Values are classified as relative or absolute, extrinsic or intrinsic, and individual or collective. The document also distinguishes between values, morals, and ethics. It argues that value education is needed to correctly identify aspirations, decide appropriate ways to fulfill them, complement skills with values, and evaluate beliefs. Value education should be universal, rational, natural, and verifiable.
This document discusses ethics in management and business. It begins by defining ethics as moral principles that govern behavior and distinguishes right from wrong. It then discusses the need for business ethics, defining business ethics as the principles and standards that determine right and wrong conduct in business. The document provides characteristics of business ethics and discusses the relationship between ethics and culture. It also addresses ethical dilemmas in business and provides tips for dealing with them, including recognizing issues, getting facts, identifying options, and taking action. Overall, the document provides an overview of key topics relating to ethics in management and business organizations.
This document provides an introduction to ethics. It defines ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with morality and values relating to human conduct. It discusses key concepts in ethics like morality, codes of conduct, moral judgments, and ethical theories. It outlines learning objectives for understanding virtue ethics, religious ethics, situational ethics, and ethical decision making. It also summarizes various ethical theories like consequentialism, deontology, and relativism which provide frameworks for analyzing ethical issues.
This document discusses concepts related to professional ethics including morals, values, integrity, academic integrity, work ethics, service learning, civic virtue, respect for others, caring, sharing, and honesty. It defines these terms and explains their importance. For example, it states that academic integrity is commitment to honest and moral behavior in an academic setting, while civic virtue refers to citizens prioritizing the common welfare of their community over personal interests. Overall, the document provides an overview of key aspects of professional ethics.
Ethics refers to standards of behavior and principles of right and wrong. While morality differentiates between good and bad intentions/actions, ethics is the study of morality - how and why certain behaviors are considered right or wrong. UPSC introduced ethics as a separate paper to encourage examination of practices like sati and untouchability that were once considered moral but are now viewed as unethical. Morals are societal teachings about what is good or bad, while values come from within individuals. Something can be legal but still unethical if it violates personal or societal ideals of right and wrong. Both ethics and religion do not always align, as religious practices have sometimes been deemed intolerant by modern ethical standards.
Values And Ethics – How Are They Different?Satjitkumar
Both “values” and “ethics” are important to ensure that the behavior and actions of people in society are appropriate. Many people erroneously opine that these two terms are synonymous with each other. But it is not so. When “values” and “ethics” are minutely examined, we get to see that there are many differences between these two words.
This document provides an introduction to ethics. It defines ethics as a set of principles that govern behavior and determine what is good and bad or right and wrong. Ethics comes from the Greek word for character. It covers moral bases, rights and responsibilities, and guides how to live a good life. Sources of ethics include religion, tradition, cultures and philosophies. Business ethics deals with right and wrong in business contexts. Work ethics applies morals and ethics to work situations. Factors influencing work ethics include personal values, social values, organizational/industry norms, and government rules and regulations. Values are important principles that influence behavior, while norms are expectations for proper behavior. Attitudes represent people's approaches and can be positive or negative.
Values and ethics are central to any organization. Values provide the basis for judging what is important for an organization's success and determine what is considered right or wrong. Values are formed early in life through influences like family, friends, religion and culture. An individual's ethics are also shaped by their experiences, moral beliefs, situational factors, and religious upbringing. For businesses, ethics are primarily influenced by culture, laws, and religious traditions. Upholding ethical values and practices is important for good governance and builds trust within an organization.
This document discusses ethics in public administration. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including the origin of ethics, definitions of ethics, and the relationship between ethics and morals. It then discusses the origin of ethics from ancient cultures and philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. The document defines ethics as a branch of philosophy concerned with human conduct and interactions. It distinguishes ethics from morals, noting that ethics provide principles and standards to guide behavior while morals represent individual values and beliefs. The document outlines important aspects of ethics in administration like integrity, responsibility, impartiality and justice. It also discusses sub-discipline divisions of ethics including meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics.
This document discusses several topics related to ethical reasoning and its implications for accounting, including integrity, religious and philosophical foundations of ethics, cultural values, the six pillars of character, and modern moral philosophies. It emphasizes that integrity is the foundational virtue for accountants and examines concepts like trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship. It also addresses reputation, ethical relativism, and civility in the workplace.
This document provides an overview of basic ethics concepts. It defines ethics as concerning what is good and right versus bad and wrong conduct. It discusses ethical theories for judging acts, and why being ethical is important. Normative ethics evaluates what should be, while descriptive ethics describes what is. Overall, ethics involves determining moral standards to judge actions as right or wrong.
Ethics are typically defined as the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession.
Moral Values are something that makes reaching our higher self easier. Though many people are not really conscious of this fact and tend to ditch these values as they tread of their life paths.
This document defines key concepts related to values and beliefs in nursing. It begins by outlining objectives to define values/beliefs, explain how behaviors relate to values, identify sources of professional nursing values, apply cultural and developmental perspectives to values, and examine values conflicts and resolutions. It then defines terms like values, beliefs, attitudes, assumptions, and discusses types of beliefs, values, and how values are transmitted and influence behavior. It concludes by outlining some key professional values for nurses like altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to ethics and morality. It begins by defining legality, ethics, and ethical behavior. It then defines business ethics and different approaches to normative and descriptive business ethics. It discusses the importance of business ethics and how it can help improve decision making. Finally, it covers concepts like morality, values, personal and social responsibilities, personality, and goal orientation. The key takeaways are that ethics considers what is right and wrong, business ethics examines ethical issues in business contexts, and understanding ethics can help improve ethical decision making.
Ethics is a set of rules that define right and wrong conduct.
Business ethics can be defined as written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company. In the business world, the organization's culture sets standards for determining the difference between good and bad decision making and behavior.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
2. Ethics
• Definition of Ethics:
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of conduct of an
individual or group. It works as a guiding principle as to decide what is good or bad. They
are the standards which govern the life of a person. Ethics is also known as moral
philosophy.
Some ethical principles are:
• Truthfulness
• Honesty
• Loyalty
• Respect
• Fairness
• Integrity
3. Morals
• Definition of Moral:
Morals are the social, cultural and religious beliefs or values of an individual or
group which tells us what is right or wrong. They are the rules and standards made by the
society or culture which is to be followed by us while deciding what is right.
Some moral principles are:
• Do not cheat
• Be loyal
• Be patient
• Always tell the truth
• Be generous
• Morals refer to the beliefs what is not objectively right, but what is considered right for
any situation, so it can be said that what is morally correct may not be objectively correct.
4. Key Differences Between Morals and Ethics
• Morals deal with what is ‘right or wrong’. Ethics deals with what is ‘good or evil’.
• Morals are general guidelines framed by the society E.g. We should speak truth. Conversely, ethics
are a response to a particular situation, E.g. Is it ethical to state the truth in a particular situation?
• The term morals is derived from a Greek word ‘mos’ which refers to custom and the customs are
determined by group of individuals or some authority. On the other hand, ethics is originated from
Greek word ‘ethikos’ which refers to character and character is an attribute.
• Morals are dictated by society, culture or religion while Ethics are chosen by the person himself
which governs his life.
5. • Morals are concerned with principles of right and wrong. On the contrary, ethics stresses on right
and wrong conduct.
• As morals are framed and designed by the group, there is no option to think and choose; the
individual can either accept or reject. Conversely, the people are free to think and choose the
principles of his life in ethics.
• Morals may vary from society to society and cultu
• re to culture. As opposed to Ethics, which remains same regardless of any culture, religion or
society.
• Morals do not have any applicability to business, whereas Ethics is widely applicable in the
business known as business ethics.
• Morals are expressed in the form of statements, but Ethics are not expressed in the form of
statements.
6. Values
• Values are the foundation of an individual person’s ability to judge between right and
wrong. Values include a deep-rooted system of beliefs that guide a person’s decisions.
They form a personal, individual foundation that influences a particular person’s behavior.
• Examples of values everywhere in daily life. For example, if your value system is
founded upon honesty, you would probably choose to study for a difficult test rather than
cheating for a passing grade. However, if you value achievement and success over
honesty, you may decide to cheat on the exam instead. This relates to which value is
“worth more” to the individual.
7. Other examples of values include:
• a person who values integrity admits that they stole a piece of candy
• someone who values friendship drops everything to help a friend
• people who value a healthy lifestyle make sure they have time to work out in the morning
• a person who values success works late nights to achieve a promotion
• someone who values commitment may be more willing to go to marriage therapy than to file for
divorce
• These values form personality types. They also help to make decisions that affect the course of
lives. When these values are shared by others in community, they are known as morals.
8. Integrity
• According to author C.S. Lewis, “Integrity is doing the right thing, even when no one
is looking.” Integrity is a foundational moral quality and the bedrock upon which good
character is built.
• Acting with integrity means understanding, accepting, and choosing to live in accordance
with one’s principles, which will include honesty, fairness, and decency. A person of
integrity will consistently demonstrate good character by being free of corruption.
• Integrity in the workplace comes in many forms, but above all refers to having upstanding
character traits and work ethics including sound judgement, honesty, dependability, and
loyalty. Having a high degree of integrity at work means that: You are trustworthy and
reliable.
• A person with integrity behaves ethically and does the right thing, even behind closed
doors. For instance, informing a cashier that they gave you too much change and
going back to the store to pay for something you forgot to pay for are two examples of
showing integrity in everyday circumstances.
9. Trustworthiness
• Trustworthiness is the ability to keep promises, to be honest, reliable and principled while
never inappropriately betraying a confidence.
• Trustworthiness relies on the integrity and character of the person
• Trustworthy is someone who is honest who can be entrusted with your secrets or with
anything else of importance. An example of trustworthy is the person who babysits your
kids or who you tell your secrets to. Deserving of trust, reliable
• Trustworthiness is one of the most important qualities in life. It is the quality on which
all relationships are built. We are designed to be in relationship with others, and being
able to TRUST each other means that we can do more together of trust, reliable.
10. Professional and Individual Rights
The basic rights of engineers include the right to live freely and pursue their
legitimate interests as any human being, along with the right to be against racial or
sexual discrimination, receiving one’s salary according to the work, choosing of
political activities, etc., as other employees. Besides all of them, engineers have
some special rights as professionals.
• Professional Rights
• The rights that engineers have as professionals are called Professional Rights.
These professional rights include −
• The basic right of professional conscience.
• The right of conscientious refusal.
• The right of professional recognition.
11. 1. Right of Professional Conscience
• This is a basic right which explains that the decisions taken while carrying on
with the duty, where they are taken in moral and ethical manner, cannot be
opposed. The right of professional conscience is the moral right to exercise
professional judgement in pursuing professional responsibilities. It requires
autonomous moral judgement in trying to uncover the most morally reasonable
courses of action, and the correct courses of action are not always obvious.
• There are two general ways to justify the basic right of professional
conscience.
• The exercise of moral reflection and conscience that justifies professional
duties is necessary, with respect to that duty.
• The general duties to respect persons and rule-utilitarianism would accent the
public good of allowing engineers to pursue their professional duties.
12. 2. Right of Conscientious Refusal
• The right of conscientious refusal is the right to refuse to engage in unethical
behavior. This can be done solely because it feels unethical to the doer. This
action might bring conflicts within the authority-based relationships.
• The two main situations to be considered here are −
• When it is already stated that certain act is unethical in a widely shared
agreement among all the employees.
• When there occurs disagreement among considerable number of people
whether the act is unethical.
• Hence it is understood that engineers and other professionals have a moral
right to refuse the unethical acts such as bribery, forging documents, altering
test results, lying, padding payrolls or coercing employees into acting by
threatening, etc.
13. 3. Right to Recognition
• An engineer has a right to the recognition of one’s work and accomplishments.
An engineer also has right to speak about the work one does by maintaining
confidentiality and can receive external recognition. The right for internal
recognition which includes patents, promotions, raises etc. along with a fair
remuneration, are also a part of it.
• The fulfillment of right to recognition motivates the employee to be a trustful
member of the organization, which also benefits the employer. This makes the
employee morally bound which enhances the ethical nature to be abide by the
professional ethics.
14. Employee Rights
An employee right can be any right, moral or legal, that involves the status
of being an employee. They involve some professional rights also, such as the right
to be paid according to the salary mentioned in one’s contract. Privacy and equal
opportunity can be considered essential rights too.
1. Privacy
• The right to privacy refers to the right of having a private life, off the job. It is
the right to control the access to and the use of information about oneself.
2. Equal Opportunity – Non-discrimination
• The demeaning of a person based on trivial factors such as one’s sex, race,
skin color, age or political or religious outlook can be understood as
Discrimination. Such a discrimination should never be allowed at any
workplace; this is where everyone has to be treated equally. These things
internally affect the person’s self-identity and self-respect which is pernicious
within the work environment, where the work itself should represent a
person’s self-image.
15. 3. Equal Opportunity – Sexual Harassment
In today’s world, there is an increase in the number of sexual harassment
cases across the world. This is quiet an unfortunate scenario. There were a number
of cases where the charges were levied since last two decades, which kept on
growing. A definition of Sexual harassment is, “The unwanted imposition of sexual
requirements in the context of a relationship of unequal power”. Sexual harassment
is a display of power and aggression through sexual means. It takes two forms, quid
pro quo and hostile work environment.
4. Equal opportunity – Affirmative Action
Affirmative action refers to the preference given to a person or a group who
was denied equal importance in the past. For example, the women and the minority
communities were not given equal treatment and were ill-treated in the past. So to
compensate that, amendments were made in recent laws to provide them special
quota for reservations in education, employment and social sectors.
16. 5. Intellectual Property Rights
Intellectual property right is a type of property right which allows
the creators or owners of patents trademarks or copyrighted works to
benefit from their own work or investment. These rights enable the right
person to benefit from the protection of moral and material interests
resulting from the authorship of scientific, literary or artistic
productions.