ppt on mood disorders that will give brief idea of differences betweeen unipolar and bipolar mood disorders

1. MOOD
DISORDERS

2. WHAT IS MOOD DISORDER
• Two key modes involved in mood
disorders are mania and depression.
• Mania: characterized by intense and unrealistic
feelings of excitement and euphoria.
• Depression: characterized by extreme feeling of
sadness and dejection.
• Mixed episodes : involves both disorders occuring
at same time.

3. TYPES OF MOOD DISORDERS
• According to DSM –IV criteria , the mood disorders have been classified
into Unipolar and Bipolar disorders.
• They can be differentiated on the basis of
Severity : no. of dysfunction experienced and impairment in those areas.
Duration: acute, chronic, or intermittent.(with periods of normal functioning
between the episodes.)

4. UNIPOLAR DISORDER
UNIPOLAR DISORDERS have
been classified into
Major Depressive Disorder
Dysthmic Disorder.

5. OTHER DEPRESSION DISORDERS
INCULDE
• Loss of the loved one
• Postpratum blues.
• Need to be differentiated from MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDERS

6. DYSTHMIC DISORDER
• Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years of life.
• While depressed , two or (more) , of the following
Poor appetite or overeating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Low energy or fatigue
Poor concentration

7. • Normal mood may appear in between for few weeks or few
months.
Distuinguishing feature of dysthmia different from Major
depressive disorder

8. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
• According to DSM IV TR, person suffering from MDD, should meet
the following criteria they would inculde,
• Presence of single major depressive episode.
• It should not be accounted by another disorder,
• There should not be any manic ,hypomanic episode..
• Besides this person should suffer from early morning awakenings,
depression should be worse in the morning,
psychomotor retaradtion, loss of appetite ,excessive guilt .

9. CAUSAL FACTORS
• BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Genetic influences :
Monozygotic twins tend to develop the
disorder as twice as likely to develop
depression with dizygotic twins.
Adoption studies :
Unipolar depression is seven times more in
biological relatives than the severely
depressed adoptees.

10. Neuro chemical factors :
Since 1960,s depression
resulted from disruption in the
balance of neurotransmitters
Monamine hypothesis :
depression was due to depletion of
the nor epinephrine , dopamine
,serotonin
Neurophysiological influences :
Damage to the left but not to the
right, anterior prefrontal cortex
affected the depression.
Sleep and Biological rythms.

11. • PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Stress : plays an important role in depression
• Cognitive diathesis stress model: suggests that people high on
neuroticism trait tend to have depression .
• Psychodynamic model
• Behavioral theories
• . Beck cognitive theory

12. BIPOLAR DISORDER

13. • BIPOLAR DISORDERS INCULDE
• Cyclothymia
• Bipolar I and Bipolar II

14. CYCLOTHYMIA
• According to DSM IV TR , This disorder is much less as compared
to bipolar disorders.
• They experience one episodes of hypomania and sadness.
• It’s less serious as compared to bipolar disorders as it lacks psychotic
features.
They experience depression and hypomania , In one episode of
cyclothymic disorder , person suffering from depression feels dejected,
loss of interest in activities pessimistic about future.

15. • In hypomania they experience , becomes extremely creative and productive
because of increased physical and mental energy.
Person should suffer from this mood disorder for atleast 2 year life span .

16. BIPOLAR DISORDERS
BIPOLAR I
• One episode of mania or mixed
symptom
• Both full blown mania and
depression for atleast1 week .
BIPOLAR II
• Clear cut hypomanic episode
instead of full blown episodes.
• More common disoder in US
population.

17. FEATURES OF BIPOLAR DISORDER
• Most of the features match with unipolar disorders
• Rapid cycling : frequent episodes of the disorders person
experiences more than 4-5 episodes of mania and depression

18. CAUSAL FACTORS
• BIOLOGICAL
• Genetic influences: 8-95v of first degree relatives suffer from
bipolar disorders .
• Monozygotic twins have higher concordance rates for the
disorder.
• NEUROCHEMICAL FACTORS "

19. • Neurochemical factors:
• Increased dopamine activity lead to manic episodes,
• PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
Stress
Psychodynamic theory

20. PREVELANCE AND TREATMENT
PREVELANCE
15 to 20 times higher than schizophrenia.
• Unipolar major depression hve increased over years..
• DSM IV TR estimates that lifetime risk for disorder is 0.4 to 1.65%

21. • TREATMENT :
• Pharma co therapy
• Psycho therapy
• Interpersonal therapy
• Bright light therapy
• Electro conclusive therapy