Cyclothymia, also known as cyclothymic disorder, is a mood disorder involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with periods of depressive symptoms. For a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, these mood periods must occur for at least two years in adults (or one year in children and adolescents) and cannot be severe enough or long enough to be classified as major depressive or hypomanic episodes. Cyclothymia has a prevalence of about 1% worldwide and commonly develops during adolescence or early adulthood. Its causes involve genetic and environmental factors, and treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, psychotherapy, and mood stabilizing medications.
Disorders in psychiatry are often described as syndromes, a constellation of signs and symptoms that together make up a recognizable condition. this ppt help in understanding basic sign and symptoms of psychiatry.
Disorders in psychiatry are often described as syndromes, a constellation of signs and symptoms that together make up a recognizable condition. this ppt help in understanding basic sign and symptoms of psychiatry.
Trauma and stressor-related disorders are a group of emotional and behavioral problems that may result from childhood traumatic and stressful experiences. These traumatic and stressful experiences can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, including abuse, neglect or family conflict.
Trauma and stressor-related disorders are a group of emotional and behavioral problems that may result from childhood traumatic and stressful experiences. These traumatic and stressful experiences can include exposure to physical or emotional violence or pain, including abuse, neglect or family conflict.
Depression
Background
Pathophysiology
• The monoamine theory of depression is that it results from a central deficit in the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine.
• Other reported physiological features include ↑cortisol and a blunted TSH response.
• However, there is no widely accepted and definitively proven biological model of depression.
Epidemiology
• Time course: for most it is an episodic illness, but for other it follows a more chronic course.
• Incidence: 5% annual risk, 20% lifetime risk.
Presentation
DSM and NICE criteria
These are based on DSM-4, though DSM-5 does not significantly differ.
Major depressive disorder is ≥2 weeks of low mood and/or anhedonia, and at least 4 symptoms out of:
• ↓Energy or fatigue.
• ↓Concentration
• ↓Weight/appetite.
• Disturbed sleep, which commonly includes early waking. Diurnal pattern to symptoms also seen, with symptoms often worse in the morning.
• Slowing of thought and movements (psychomotor slowing) or agitation.
• Ideas of worthlessness or guilt.
• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
• All but the last 2 are considered 'biological' symptoms.
Mood disorders:major depressive and bipolar disorderNandu Krishna J
a basic description about mood disorders mainly MDD and bipolar disorder. Can be made useful in presentations and theory exams. Subject was imbibed from different presentations and DSM IV manual. Thanks for viewing.
Misconceptions on Bipolar Disorder:
1. Bipolar disorder isn’t mood swings, they have cycles and episodes for weeks to months.
2. There is only 1 type of bipolar disorder. This is a common myth, but there are actually 7 types of bipolar disorder:
Bipolar 1: When a person experiences depressive episodes for more than 2 weeks and also experiences a sudden spike in mania.
Bipolar 2: Patients experience hypomania stage and depressive episodes.
Cyclothymic: Group of people in hypomania and mild-depression. For you to be in this group, you have to have at least 2 years of it.
Substances/medication that causes the disorder
Bipolar with mixed features: This is when you experienced mixed episodes. Like you experience depression and mania at the same time.
Bipolar with seasonal pattern: This is when a certain time or season affects your mood episodes.
Unspecified bipolar: this is when you don’t quite fit into any categories of the above.
3. It can be easily cured by diet and exercise. This is not quite true, currently there is no cure for this disorder, but diet and exercising does help to reduce the danger of it and it can also be well managed by getting the right treatment from the right expert.
Bipolar disorder also has episodes, these are the episodes and the signs of it:
1. Signs of manic episodes:
- Excessive happiness or hopefulness
- Rapid thoughts and speech
- Restlessness due to being to excessive
- Experience hallucinations and delusions.
2. Signs of hypomanic episodes:
- The signs of hypomania are the same as manic, but it isn’t severe and also does not last as long as manic (manic usually lasts a week or more, hypomania tends to last for a few days).
3. Signs of mild-depression:
- Hopelessness and anger
- Appetite and weight changes
- Insomnia
- Lack of motivation
- Reckless activities, like abusing drugs or alcohol
4. Signs of major depressive episodes:
- Overwhelming sadness
- It’s the same as mild-depressive, just like manic with hypomanic, it’s more severe.
Causes of bipolar disorder:
Doctors haven’t found the exact reasons to the illness, but research suggests these factors:
Genetics: people who have a family member contact with the disorder is more likely (about 10 more percent) to have it.
Chemical imbalance in the brain: Chemicals controlling the brain are neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine. Any imbalance in 1 of those chemicals may create symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Triggers (over a period of time): stressful circumstances may trigger the symptoms of bipolar disorder. For example, childhood trauma, drugs and tough life events.
Download the powerpoint to find more about the disorder and have fun with the animations and effects of the powerpoint.
Presentation on Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar I Disorder, etc.
Presentation for doctoral program class at Saybrook University, San Francisco. Fall 2009
This slide contains information regarding mood disorder and depression. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
4. 1. The Mood Spectrum and Mood Swing.
2. Understanding Cyclothemia / Cyclothemic Disorder
3. Diagnosis and it’s Features
4. Etiology and prevelance
5. Differential Diagnosis of Cyclothymia & Treatment.
6. Clinical Course & Prognosis
7. Reference
Here’s what we’ll Cover :
5. The term mood describes a dominant and
sustained emotional state.
Mood
Mood :
Intensity : Not much intense or immediate
Cause : unclear or less specific
Duration : Hours of Days
+ & - mood. ( Multiple Emotions )
Expressions : not distinct
6. a mood episode refers to any period of
time when a patient feels abnormally
happy or sad.
Mood episodes are the building blocks that
mood disorders are constructed.
Mood Episode
7. The Mood Spectrum
cyclothymia
thymia A condition of the mind.(Greek thumos, state of mind)
dysthymia (Greek dus-, bad or difficult)
cyclothymia (Greek kuklos, circle)
8. Mood Swings
A mood swing is an extreme or
rapid change in mood.
+ Outcomes.
- Outcomes.
Changes in a person’s :
• energy level
• sleep patterns
• self-esteem
• Concentration
• drug or alcohol use can be signs of an oncoming
mood disorder.
10. Understanding Cyclothymia
patients have had repeated mood
swings, but none that are severe or
long enough to be called major
depressive episodes or manic
episodes.
cyclothymia
(Greek kuklos, circle)
11. Understanding Cyclothymia
patients have had repeated mood
swings, but none that are severe or
long enough to be called major
depressive episodes or manic
episodes.
cyclothymia
(Greek kuklos, circle)
12. - 2 Year *
+ Episodes of Hypomanic symptoms .
+ Episodes of Major Depressive symptoms.
13. During this Timeline :
Half of this time ; Episodes should be
Present.
Not + 2 months ; Symptom Free.
14. Not meet the Criteria for
Depressive ; Manic ; Hypomanic episode.
15. Not Better Explained by :
Schizo-spectrum ;
Delusional Disorder
Psychotic Disorder.
16. Not Due to Substance Use or
Another medical condition
18. Cyclothymic Disorder ( Dx Criteria )
Elevated
Mood /
Depressive
Symptoms
Not Better
Explained by :
Schizo-spectrum
Delusional Disorder
Psychotic Disorder.
Not meet the
Criteria for
Depressive ; Manic
; Hypomanic
episode.
Have been
Present ½ the
time ; + 2m
Symptom Free.
Not Due to
Substance Use or
Another medical
condition
Causes
Impairment in
Daily Life.
19.
20.
21. The depressive symptoms of cyclothymic disorder include:
•Feeling hopeless or sad +
•Losing interest in favorite activities +
•Becoming easily tearful
•Irritability & Restlessness
•Changes in weight
•Feeling guilty and worthless
•Having sleep problems
•Feeling fatigued
•Problems with concentration
•Having thoughts of suicide or death
22. The hypomanic symptoms of cyclothymic disorder include:
•Experiencing a sense of euphoria or happiness +
•Feeling extremely optimistic
•Having an inflated self-esteem ( grandiosity )
•Talkativeness
•Making poor decision and Partaking in risky behaviors
•Having racing thoughts and easily distracted
•Excessive physical actions
•Feeing irritable or agitated +
•Not needing as much sleep as normal ( 3 hours )
23. Maj.Dep.Episode
+5 Symptoms / 2wks ( +2c )
+ Depressed Mood
+ Loss of Interest or Pleasure
Guilt or Shame
Low Self-Esteem
Anergia / Fatigue
Abnormal Sleep
Abnormal Appetite
Psychomotor Retardation or Agitation
Hypomanic Episode
4 Days ; ( 2c+ 4s)
+ Elated Mood
+ Irritability
Distractibility
Irresponsibility
Impulsivity
Reckless Risk Taking
Hyperactivity
Over-Talkativeness
24. OPD patients
in NPHs.
3-5%
Affects 1% of World Wide
Population *
10 – 20 %
+ Borderline
Personality
Disorder
M : F
2 : 3
50 – 75% in
15 -25y Age.
25. Etiology of Cyclothymic Disorder :
family history of
major depression,
bipolar disorder,
suicide, or alcohol or
drug dependence.
Idiopathic
Genetic factors
( bipolar disorder )
~ 15% to 50% risk that
people with cyclothymia
will be Dx
Bipolar Disorder
comorbidities
Triggers and Life events.
26. the most common comorbidities with cyclothymia are :
In children and adolescents :
• anxiety disorders – GAD ; PD ; OCD.
• impulse control issues
• eating disorders – Anorexia & Bulimia Nervosa ; Pica
• ADHD.
• In adults, cyclothymia also tends to be comorbid with impulse control
issues.
( gambling and compulsive sexuality in men)
( compulsive buying and binge eating in women)
27. Clinical Course
• Onset : Gradual. Early Adolescents
• Mood Swings – Mild ( Hours ; Days ; Weeks , Months )
• Mood Elation Episodes maybe more enjoyable due to
• Increased Productivity ; Activity ; Sociability.
• Reason of Visit to Doctor : Depressive Symptoms.
• May Remain undiagnosed.
28. - Life Impact -
These swings in mood often negatively impact a person's work and
social life.
Consequences often include instability with an uneven work and
schooling history, impulsive and frequent changes of residence,
repeated romantic or marital breakups, and an episodic abuse of
alcohol and drugs.
29. Differensial Daignose
Other Mood Disorders
Drug Abuse
• Cocaine
• Amphetamine
• Steroids
Personality Disorder
• Borderline
• Anti-social
• Histrionic
• ADHD ( in children & teens ) :Stimulants in ADHD + ; while worsens in –
Cyclothymic disorder.
•
- Bipolar Mood Disorder ; With Rapid Cycling ; Ultra Rapid Cycling.
Recurrent Depressive Disorder ; Drug or Alcohol Misuse ;
31. Mood Stabilizer
mood stabilizer" does not describe a mechanism, but rather an effect.
Anti-convulsant Mood Stabilizers
Valproate
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine
• Topiramate / Gabapentin ( not FDA App.)
• Anti Psychotics : Atypical.
• Olanzapine ; Quetiapine ; aripiprazole …
• Omega 3 fatty acids vs placebo !
• Lithium Carbonate
Slow Onset of Anti Manic effects ( 1 – 3w)
Avoid in the Acute Phase due to :
Unpredictable Response
Side Effects
Lab Tests.
32. Treatment
Crisis : Sedating Antipsychotics :
Chlorpromazine 50mg nocte
Risperidone 1mg nocte
Olanzapine 2.5mg nocte
Combination Therapy
monotherapy ; not sufficient.
Atypical AP + lithium or
Valproate + Benzodiazepine
33. Bases of an Effective Treatment
Psycho-Social
Support.
The Right Drugs.
Life Style Changes.
Avoid Triggers.
Strict – and
Adequate Sleep
Proper Exercise
34.
35. RESEARCH RESOURCES
● Kaplan & Sadock's ; 2015.
● DSM – V Made Easy ; 2017.
● ICT 10 https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F30-F39
● WebMD ;
● American Psychiatric Association Official Website
● Oxford Medical Handbook of Psychiatry 3rd Edition
نوسان خلقی مفرط ؛ یا بی نهایت الگو خواب ارزش و شخصیت شخص ؛ نزد خودش
Bereavement : داغداری یا محرومیت
Periods of elevated mood and depressive symptoms for at least half the time during the last two years for adults and one year for children and teenagers.
Periods of stable moods last only two months at most.
Symptoms do not meet the criteria for bipolar disorder, major depression, or another mental disorder.
موصوف جنبه Symptoms are not caused by substance use or a medical condition.
اختلال و سختی قابل توجه Symptoms create significant problems in one or more areas of life.
احساس اندوه تقلیل یا از دست دادن اشتیاق در امور اشکبار شدن کج خلق یا زود رنج
خوشبینی مفرط اعتماد به نفس یا بزرگ اندیشی پر حرفی تحریک پذیر
مشخصه های اساسی اختلال یا آشفتگی پر نوسان و طولانی مدت یا دراز مدت
مشخصه های اساسی اختلال یا آشفتگی پر نوسان و طولانی مدت یا دراز مدت
