Molecular electronics is an emerging technology that uses individual molecules as electronic components like diodes and transistors to build circuits. It works by manipulating molecules so they function together electronically. Materials used include organic polymers, polyphenylene chains, carbon nanotubes. Advantages over conventional electronics include smaller size and lower costs, while challenges remain in controlled fabrication at the molecular scale. Potential applications include molecular sensors, switches, memory storage that could revolutionize computing.

1. M O L E C U L A R E L E C T R O N I C S -
A N I N V I S I B L E Y E T,
R E V O L U T I O N A RY
T E C H N O L O G Y
Presen ted by
Sukhwin der Sin gh
Directin g Staf f
Asst Pro f M
Priyadharsin i

2. TO GIVE AN INSIGHT ABOUT USE OF MOLECULAR
TECHNOLOGY IN FIELD OF ELECTRONICS
AIM

3.  INTRODUCTION
 BRIEF HISTORY
 MTRLS USED IN MOLETRONICS
 MOLECULAR ELEC COMPONENTS
 CHAR OF MOLECULAR DEVICES
 ADV AND ROADBLOCKS
 APPLNS
 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
PURVIEW

4. First computer Latest computer
INTRODUCTION

5. Moore’s law states that
“The number of transistors per square inch on
integrated circuits will double every year.”
MOORE’S LAW

6. Different scales of Silicon
Integration Technology
SSI (small
scale
integration)-
1-12 gates
on a single
chip
MSI (medium
scale
integration)-12-
30 gates on a
single chip
LSI (large scale
integration)-30-
300 gates on a
single chip
VLSI (Very large
scale integration)-
300-10000 gates
on a single chip
ULSI (ultra large
scale
integration)-
beyond 10000
gates on a single
chip

8.  “It is branch of electronics in which
individual molecules perform in
same function as microelectronics
devices such as diode or
transistors.”
OR
 “Moletronics is a subset of
nanotechnology dealing with the
manipulation of molecules so they
work together as electronic circuits.”
MOLETRONICS

9. BRIEF HISTORY

10. MTRLS USED IN
MOLETRONICS

11. MTRLS USED IN MOLETRONICS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
 Discovered in mid 1970’s.
 Polymers are flexible, versatile and easy to process.
 Behave like a conventional inorganic semiconductor.
 Low mobility.
 Absence of band gap of the order of 0.75 to 2 e V.

12.  Chemical formulae (C6H5) x
 Highly flexible
 Capable of carrying and switching currents.
 Very high current density(~.5 million times of Copper
wires)
 Used as molecular wires and switches.
MTRLS USED IN MOLETRONICS
POLYPHENYLENE BASED
CHAINS

13. MTRLS USED IN MOLETRONICS
POLYPHENYLENE BASED
CHAINS
Alkyldithiol
Oligo(p-phenylene)-
dithiol
(p-phenylene
ethynylene)-dithiol.

14.  Used as molecular wires or “Bucky
tube”.
 High conductivity when used on micro
patterned semiconductor surface
ranging from excellent conduction to
pretty good insulation..
 Differ in diameters and chirality
 Chemically stable but made only under
extreme conditions
MTRLS USED IN MOLETRONICS
CARBON NANOTUBES

15. MOLECULAR
ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS

16.  Nodes + Atomic
nuclei
 Cannot transport
unimpeded electrical
current
 Acts like resistors
Aliphatic Molecular Insulators

17.  Consists of 3 benzene rings
 Centre ring has asymmetric fragments
 Great flexibility and can even function when it
is bent.
MOLECULAR TRANSISTORS

19.  Rectifying Diodes
 Also called molecular rectifier
 Allows ct flow in only one dirn
 Resonant tunneling Diodes(RTDs).
 Ct in both dirns
 Uses electron energy quantization
Molecular Diodes

20.  Nonlinear I-V Behavior
 Energy Dissipation
 Gain in Molecular Electronic Circuits
 Speed
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MOLECULAR DEVICES

21.  Size
 Speed
 Assembly
 Low Manufacturing Cost
 Able to integrate large circuit
 Synthetic flexibility/Re-configurable.
 Streochemistry
 Greater memory hold time
Advantages of Molecular
Electronics

22. Advantages of Molecular
Electronics
COMPARISION WITH BULK ELEC

23.  Hard experimental verification
 Controlled fabrication within specified tolerances
MOLETRONICS ROADBLOCKS

24.  Molecular Sensors
 Molecular tweezers
 Molecular Switch
 Molecular Motors
 Logic and memory devices
 Smart Fabrics
APPLNS

25. FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS

26. MEMORY STORAGE APPLNS
 Data storage is done by multiporphyrin
nanostructures into electronic memory.
 The application of a voltage causes the molecules
to oxidize, or give up electrons.
 The molecules then retain their positive charge
after the electric field is removed, producing a
memory effect.

28. MEMORY HOLD TIME
 Silicon memory devices = 1 mili sec
 Moletronic device = 15 min
 So less power

29. CONCLUSION
“The Next Big Thing is very, very small. Picture trillions of
transistors, processors so fast their speed is measured in
terahertz, infinite capacity, zero cost. It's the dawn of a new
technological revolution - and the death of silicon.”

31.  "Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes", T W Ebbesen
and P M Ajayan Nature, vol.358, p220 (1992 published)
 Scientific forum http://www.calmec.com/scientif.htm
 Search http://www.calmec.com/search.htm
 www.ieee.org
 Strategic Technologies for the Military: Breaking New
Frontiers By Ajey Lele
 http://technews.acm.org/articles/2002-4/0805m.html
 http://www.wikipedia.com
REFERENCES