An overview of Nano Electronics Technology

1. Nano electronics Technology and its
Applications
Under the guidance of
Professor. Hee-Je Kim
Presented By
S V S V Prabhu Deva Kumar (Sai)
Master Student
Laser and sensor Applications laboratory

2. Contents
• What is Nano Electronics?
• Moore’s Law
• Various Fields of Nano Electronics
• Nano Electronic Solid State Devices in Future
Computers
• Nano Electronics Memories
• Nano Electronic Displays
• Nano Electronic Circuits
• Nano Electronic Robots
• Research Challenges
• Advantages
• Malfunction
• Future Scope
• Conclusion

3. What is Nano Electronics?
• It refers to Nano Technology in Electronics domain and are
often only a few nanometres in size
• Nano electronics covers a diverse set of devices and materials,
with the common characteristic that they are so small that
physical effects alter the materials' properties on a nanoscale
50nm Transistor
15nm Transistor

4. Moore’s Law
• In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the
number of transistors that can be
integrated on a dice would doubled every
10 to 14 month.
• The graph shows the gradually increasing
the usage of transistor since 1970 to 2000.

5. Research Challenges in Nano Electronics
• Effective working
• Reliability
• Aging
• Low Power
• devices operated out of thermal equilibrium
• alternative interconnect systems
• fabrication
• interconnect technologies

6. Various fields of Nano Electronics
• Nano Electronic Solid State Devices in Future Computers
• Nano Electronics Memories
• Nano Electronic Displays
• Nano Electronic Circuits
• Nano Electronic Robots

7. Nano Electronic Solid State Devices in Future
Computers
• Nano CMOS
• Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD)
• Single Electron Transistor (SET)

8. Nano CMOS
• Current VLSI systems rely heavily on CMOS technology
• With nano miniaturization:
• - Intel chip is designed with 1 billion of transistors by
2017.
• - Operating speeds will be 10 – 15 GHz
• Today’s CMOS gate length = 120 nm  22 nm (2014)

9. Transistor Fabrication

10. Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD)
• Made by placing insulating barriers on a semiconductor =>
creates island or potential well between them
• Only finite number of discrete energy levels are permitted
in the island
• Electrons can pass through the island by quantum
tunneling
- If incoming electron energy matches (or resonates) with an
energy state inside the island, then current flows through:
“ON” state
- If energy states inside and outside do not match: “OFF” state

11. Single Electron Transistor (SET)
• Bell Lab researchers fabricated the first SET in 1987
• Similar tunneling concept as RTDs
- One electron tunnels from source to drain, through the barriers

12. Nano Electronics Memories
• This is a 2 gigabyte hard drive. It
weighs about 70 pounds. It was first
used in the 1980s. Its cost at that time
ranged from $80,000 to $140,000.

13. 2 GB in 1980s
$80,000
2 GB in 1990s
$200
2 GB in 2010
$5

14. Nano Electronic Displays
• Nanotubes are small enough that they
cannot be seen, so they can be great
conductors to be used as transparent
contacts.
These layers contain transparent electrodes

15. Nano Electronic Circuits
• To see the circuitry, researchers use an
electron microscope or an atomic force
microscope.
• This image shows different levels of a
circuit.

16. Nano Electronic Robots
• Close to the scale of (10-9 ) .
• Largely in R and D phase.
• Nano robots of 1.5 nanometers capable of counting
specific molecules in a chemical sample .
• Capable of replication using environmental resources.
Applications :
• Detection of toxic components in environment.
• In drug delivery.

18. Advantages
• Increases the density of memory chips
• Decreases the weight and thickness of the of the screen
• Nanolithography is used to fabrication of chips
• Reducing the size of the transistor in integrated circuits
• Reducing the power consumption
• High speed and high capacity memory.

19. Malfunction of Nano Electronics
• Due to Atmospheric Disorder
• Improper development or designing
Important:
While working in Nano elements region obey proper precautions like wearing
safety equipment's.

20. Future scope of Nano electronics
• Stretchable electronics or flexible electronics is likely to be the future of
mobile electronics.
• Potential applications include wearable electronic devices, biomedical
uses, compact portable devices, and robotic devices.
• In the future, it is likely that graphene will become a dominant material in
flexible electronics. Graphene is nothing but an allotrope of carbon that
has superb electrical conductivity, flexibility, and physical strength.

21. Conclusion
• Nano-electronics show promise as a technology to continue the
miniaturization of ICs.
• Flexibility is also a major breakthrough in the world of electronics, which
will enable a new approach in design and functionality for the devices
which our modern lives depend upon.
• Nanotechnologies also promise a future in development and enhancement
of mobile devices and wearable devices.