This document summarizes molecular electronics, or moletronics. Moletronics uses molecular building blocks to fabricate electronic components like transistors and wires. Polymers, organic molecules, and carbon nanotubes can act as molecular wires or switches. Basic molecular electronic components like transistors, rectifiers, and switches are described. The document also discusses realization of molecular logic gates and memory cells. Advantages of moletronics include small size, low power consumption, and low-temperature manufacturing.

1. MOLETRONICS
Under the guidance of
Dr .Y. SYAMALA
Associate Professor
Department of ECE
Gudlavalleru Engineering College.
By
B N V A SURENDRA BABU
13481D5505
M.Tech -Embedded Systems.

2.  Introduction
 Substrates used in moletronics
 Typical resistivity
 Molecular wires
 Molecular electronic components
 Realization of basic circuits
 Molecular electronic memory cell
 Advantages of molecular electronics
 Conclusion
 References
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3. o Molecular electronics, also called moletronics, is an
interdisciplinary subject that spans chemistry, physics
and materials science.
o The feature of molecular electronics is the use of
molecular building blocks to fabricate electronic
components, both active (e.g. transistors) and passive
(e.g. resistive wires).
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4. o Polymers are flexible, versatile and easy to process.
o These are behave like a conventional inorganic
semiconductor.
o Does not possess reasonable charge carrier mobility.
Mobility obtained in polymers is low.
o In organic polymers existence of controllable band
gap is present in the order of 0.75 to 2 ev.
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6. o Polyphenylene based chains are used as molecular
wires and switches.
o A second type of molecule that can be used as
molecular wires is the carbon nanotube or “bucky
tube”.
o Carbon nanotubes have conductive properties
ranging from excellent conduction to good
insulation.
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7.  The current that passes through the molecular wires
is about 30 A, or about 30 nA per molecule.
Alkyldithiol
Oligo (p-phenylene)-dithiol
(p-phenylene ethynylene)-dithiol
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8. o Carbon nanotubes have conductive properties
ranging from excellent conduction to good
insulation.
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9.  Molecular Transistors
 Molecular Rectifier
 Molecular Switch
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10.  In molecular transistor two arms
are connected to electrodes, the
dot acts as a tunneling barrier.
 The barrier can be modulated by
applying a potential to the third
terminal, which behaves as a
“gate".
 In molecular transistor a
switching frequency upto
10THz can be reached.
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11.  The molecular rectifier consisted of D--A system: An
electronic donating moiety(D) with low ionization
potential, tetrathiafulvalene, connected to an accepting
group(A) with high electron affinity, tetracyano
quinodimethane, by an “insulating" bonded spacer.
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12. Molecular diode
structure
Schematic molecular
model
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13.  A molecular switch is the photochromic switch
consisting of a ithienylethene molecule. This
switch behavior is actived by photons in this case.
 The molecule is illuminated by UV light, thienyl
rings assume a closed shape, closing the bridge,
the molecule can then be switched back to its
open form by irradiation with visible light.
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14.  Molecular logic OR gate
 Molecular logic AND gate
 Molecular logic XOR gate
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15. Circuit diagram Schematic diagram
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16. Circuit diagram Schematic diagram
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17. Circuit diagram Schematic diagram
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18.  The developments in molecular electronic devices
with the solid-state TSRAM design to propose
molecular electronic implementations of TSRAM.
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20.  Size
 Power
 Assembly
 Manufacturing Cost
 Low Temperature Manufacturing
 Synthetic flexibility
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21.  In molecular electronics, or moletronics,
single molecules serve as switches, "quantum
wires" a few atoms thick serve as wiring.
 The hardware is synthesized chemically from
the bottom up approch which is used to reduce
the power consumption.
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22. 1) Lorente N. and Joachim C. “Architecture and Design of
Molecule Logic Gate and Atom Circuit", 2013.
2) Gubin S. Petal. “Molecular clusters as building blocks for
nanoelectronics: the first demonstration of a cluster
single-electron tunnelling transistor at room
temperature“, Nanotechnology, 2002.
3) Prasongkit and Jariyanne. “Molecular Electronics - Insight
from An-Initio Transport Simulation", 2011.
4) Heat James R. and Ratner Mark A. “Molecular
Electronics". Physics Today, pp.43 - 49, 2003.
5) Chen J., Lee T., Su J., Wang W., Ratner Mark A and Reed
“Molecular Electronic Devices", pp. 672-687, 2011.
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23. 6) Mantooth B.A. and Weiss P.S. “Fabrication, Assembly,
and Characterization of Molecular Electronic
Components". In Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 91, 2003.
7) Wang W., Lee T., and Reed M.A.R. “Electronic Transport
in Molecular Self-Assembled Monolayer Devices". In
Proceedings of the IEEE, volume 93, 2005.
8) Cuniberti G. and Fagas G. Richter K. “Introducing
Molecular Electronics”, vol 680 of Lect. Notes Phys.
Springer, 2005.
9) Reed M. A. “Molecular Electronics - Current Status and
Future Prospects". FED Journal, 2000.
10) Winpenny R.E.P. “Strecht for a moment“, Nature
nanotechnology, 2013.
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