Molbiol 2011-04-metabolism
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The document discusses metabolism and metabolic pathways. It summarizes that catabolism provides energy and building blocks for anabolism through metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways involve enzymatically catalyzed reactions, with enzymes determining the pathways. Reaction rates are influenced by factors like temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. The document then discusses specific metabolic pathways like glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain which are involved in breaking down carbohydrates to release energy through cellular respiration.
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This document discusses cellular metabolism and metabolic disorders. It begins by explaining that cellular metabolism involves enzyme-mediated chemical reactions that allow cells to carry out functions. Metabolism is divided into catabolic and anabolic reactions. The major classes of metabolites are then described. Subsequent sections discuss enzymes and their role in metabolism, including classifications of enzymes and factors that affect enzymatic activity. Cellular respiration and its stages of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain are then outlined. Biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and the organelles and processes involved are also summarized. Risk factors for metabolic disorders and the criteria for a metabolic syndrome diagnosis are presented.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces a small amount of ATP. The citric acid cycle further breaks down pyruvate and produces more ATP and electron carriers. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain which pumps protons across a membrane, establishing a proton gradient. ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce most of the cell's ATP. Fermentation can also produce a small amount of ATP without oxygen. Cellular respiration and fermentation are important catabolic processes that provide energy to fuel anabolism and power cellular functions. Diseases can arise if there are defects in acetyl-Co
forjeffpark
Cellular respiration involves three main stages - glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation - to harvest chemical energy from glucose and produce ATP. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and generates some ATP. The citric acid cycle further oxidizes pyruvate and generates more ATP and electron carriers. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain which establishes a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce most of the cell's ATP.
the-150225090149-conversion-gate02.pdf
Respiration is the process by which organisms break down carbohydrates to release energy. It occurs through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that ultimately produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. There are three main stages of aerobic respiration: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces a small amount of ATP. In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is further oxidized and more ATP is generated. Finally, the electron transport chain uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to produce the most ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Aerobic respiration can generate up to 38 ATP per glucose molecule.
respiration in plants- ASWINKUMAR
Respiration is the process by which organisms break down carbohydrates to release energy. It occurs through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that ultimately produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. There are three main stages of aerobic respiration: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria and is further oxidized, producing more ATP and NADH/FADH2. These electron carriers feed into the electron transport chain, where their electrons are transferred to oxygen to drive ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. Aerobic respiration is highly efficient, producing up to 38 ATP per glucose
Bioenergetics
The document discusses key concepts in metabolism including photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ATP, and free energy. Photosynthesis uses light energy to convert CO2 and H2O into organic molecules and oxygen. Cellular respiration in mitochondria converts organic molecules back into CO2 and uses the energy released to produce ATP, which powers most cellular work. Metabolic pathways are classified as either catabolic, which breaks down molecules and releases energy, or anabolic, which builds molecules and requires energy. ATP acts as the main energy carrier in cells by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions like chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work.
Ch 9: Cell Respiration and Fermentation
- Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.
- The citric acid cycle further oxidizes pyruvate and other molecules, generating more ATP and electron carriers.
- Oxidative phosphorylation generates the majority of ATP through an electron transport chain that harnesses the energy of electron transfers to power ATP synthesis.
Photosynthesis powerpoint
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis presented by Mr. M Dlamini in 2022. It discusses the key components and processes of photosynthesis including light and light-independent reactions, the Calvin cycle, and C3, C4 and CAM pathways. Photosynthesis uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds to fuel life on Earth. It occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells and involves the absorption of light, transfer of electrons, and synthesis of ATP and NADPH followed by carbon fixation through the Calvin cycle.
Week 9
The document summarizes the three main stages of cellular respiration:
1. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces a small amount of ATP.
2. The citric acid cycle further breaks down pyruvate and produces more ATP and electron carriers.
3. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain which pumps protons across a membrane, building an electrochemical gradient. ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce the majority of ATP from cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down, producing pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water. It occurs in the cytoplasm through a 10 step pathway involving 6 enzymes. The key products are 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH. The TCA cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria. It is an aerobic 8 step cycle that produces 6 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2. The electron transport chain uses these products to power oxidative phosphorylation, producing large amounts of ATP through the transfer of electrons from donors like NADH to oxygen.
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Ap bio chp 9 cellular respiration and fermentation
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Molbiol 2011-04-metabolism
- 17. Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity
- 37. Krebs Cycle Figure 5.13 (2 of 2)
- 39. Figure 5.11
- 43. Anaerobic Respiration CH 4 + H 2 O CO 3 2 – H 2 S + H 2 O SO 4 – NO 2 – , N 2 + H 2 O NO 3 – Products Electron acceptor
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