Modelling the cement industry - Energy flows connected to material flows and production processes Mr. Michel Obrist, Paul Scherrer Institute

1. WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN
Modeling the cement industry - Energy flows
connected to material flows and production processes
Michel Dominik Obrist :: PhD Student :: Paul Scherrer Institute
ETSAP-Workshop :: 17.12.2020

2. Presenter’s Profile
Page 2
Michel Dominik Obrist
Born 05.04.1989
PhD Student at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (CH)
Laboratory for Energy System Analysis (LEA)
Energy Economics Group
Contact: michel.obrist@psi.ch
+41 56 310 26 91
Education:
Sep 09 – Sep 12: BSc in Mechanical Engineering
University of Applied Sciences, Windisch (CH)
Sep 16 – Sep 18: MSc in Sustainable Energy
Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (DK)

3. • TIMES based demand model of cement industry subsector
• Scope:
− Cement sector in Switzerland
− Analysis until 2050
• Exogenous inputs:
− Prices of the energy carrier from national energy system model (STEM)
− Cement demand
− Scenario analysis with energy efficiency target, CO2 tax and CO2 cap
• Plan is to connect the subsector model to the national energy system model
General description of the model
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4. • Previous modelling technique
Methodology – Modeling technique
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Space heat
Process heat
Mechanical drives
Lighting
Others
Model
Electricity
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Waste
Biomass
Hydrogen
Wood pellets
Energy carrier
Energy service
demand

5. • Previous modelling technique
Methodology – Modeling technique
Page 5
Space heat
Process heat
Mechanical drives
Lighting
Others
Electricity
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Waste
Biomass
Hydrogen
Wood pellets
Energy carrier
Energy service
demand

6. Methodology – Modeling technique
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7. Methodology – Modeling technique
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8. With the new modeling technique, the model can account for:
• Specific energy efficiency improvements of single process steps
− Mills with higher energy efficiency
− Kilns with better insulation
• Process related improvements
− Waste heat recovery
• Material efficiency enhancement
− Clinker ratio in cement
− Reuse of demolished concrete as supplementary cementitious material
• Process related emissions
− CO2 emissions from chemical conversion of limestone into clinker
Advantages
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9. Scope of the model
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10. Burner Technologies
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11. • Absorbtion with monoethanolamine (MEA)
− CO2 is absorbed by aqueous menoethanolamine solvent
− Requires considerable amount of heat for solvent regeneration
• Chilled ammonia process
− CO2 is adsorbed by chilled ammonia as solvent
− Heat is required for solvent regeneration and ammonia recovery
• Calcium Looping – Tail end
− Based on the carbonation reaction CaO + CO2  CaCO3
− Implementation of steam cycle using waste heat is possible
• Oxyfuel process
− Combustion is performed with oxygen and CO2
− Process needs to be modified
− Possibility to implement ORC because of the hot exhaust air
CCS technologies
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12. Result highlights - CCS technologies
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[1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)
• CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until
2050 compared to 2015

13. • CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until
2050 compared to 2015
Result highlights – Kiln technologies
Page 13
[1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)

14. Results highlights – Energy consumption per
production step (BAU)
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15. • Detailed model of the Swiss cement sector with material flows and production
processes connected to conventional energy flows
• With the model we were able to show:
− Energy consumption decreases (3.0 GJ/tcement in 2015 to 2.3 GJ/tcement in 2050)
− CO2 emissions decrease (579 kgCO2/tcement in 2015 to 466 kgCO2/tcement in 2050)
− Drastic reduction of the CO2 emissions requires CCS technologies and a
minimum tax of 70 EUR/tCO2
Summary and conclusion
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The full scenario analysis with all results is
available in our publication:
Obrist M., Kannan R., Schmidt T.J., Kober T.
2020. Decarbonization pathways of the Swiss
cement industry towards net zero emissions.
Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125413

16. Page 16
Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen
My thanks go to my
supervisors
• Dr. Tom Kober
• Dr. Kannan
Ramachandran
• Prof. Dr. Thomas
Schmidt
Contact:
michel.obrist@psi.ch
+41 56 310 26 91