Energy and climate policies in major European Countries: insights from the POLIZERO project
•
0 likes•100 views
Energy and climate policies in major European Countries: insights from the POLIZERO project Dr. Evangelos Panos Paul Scherrer Institute
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Energy and climate policies in major European Countries: insights from the POLIZERO project
Similar to Energy and climate policies in major European Countries: insights from the POLIZERO project (20)
More from IEA-ETSAP
More from IEA-ETSAP (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (16)
Energy and climate policies in major European Countries: insights from the POLIZERO project
- 1. WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN Energy and climate policies in major European Countries: insights from the POLIZERO project Evangelos Panos :: Energy Economics Group :: Paul Scherrer Institut Winter 2021 Semi-Annual ETSAP meeting, 29-30 November 2021, Oslo, Norway
- 2. • Assess a suite of Swiss decarbonisation policies − also based on successful European examples − using stakeholder consultation and position papers • EU decarbonisation impacts on Swiss policies/targets • Robust dynamic adaptive Swiss policy pathways The POLIZERO project Seite 2 The POLIZERO project has received funding from the Swiss Federal Office for Energy
- 3. JRC EU TIMES model: Policy performance • EU energy and climate targets scenarios • Swiss policy explorative pathways • Parametric analysis of policy contextual factors • Scenario matrix with policies performance AIM model: Adaptive policy making • Machine learning functionality • When and why a policy deviates from its target • Visualisation of policy pathways • Monitoring of contextual factors for policy change Model-based exploration for efficient policies Seite 3 Net- SC with BESS (65% subsidy) SC with BESS (50% subsidy) SC with BESS (30% subsidy) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 Simulation timeframe Policy Package 1 Policy Package 2 Policy Package 3 Policy Package 4 Sub-target interval trajectory Pathway target Policy outcome
- 4. • Collecting and consolidating policies from: − IEA policy database and country reports − Climate policy database − RES Legal Europe database − Relevant EU and Swiss projects − National energy and climate plans and strategies − Transposition of the EU directives to national laws • European Countries covered: − Central Europe (CH, DE, FR, AT) − Nordic region (NO, SE, FI, DK) − British Isles (UK, IR) − Southern Europe (ES, PT, IT, GR) WP1: Policy inventory in selected European countries Seite 4
- 5. Policy Inventory - main fields for policy description Seite 5 ID Policy Policy type Description Start/End year Status Part of policy package Replaces policy Sector Technology Jurisdiction Budget Impact Source
- 6. Policy inventory contents for each country Seite 6 POLIZERO Energy and Climate Inventory Policy database Key energy statistics Policy- making traits and challenges Innovative Policies Key Policies Policy Context The inventory will be available at www.polizero.ch
- 7. The evolving policy landscape in energy supply Seite 7 Direct subsidies in RES in electricity Feed-in tariffs in RES in electricity Certificates and quotas of RES in electricity Competitive tenders in RES in electricity Direct subsidies for RES in district heating Direct subsidies for “green” gases Feed-in tariffs for “green” gases Feed-in tariffs for RES in district heating H2 market regulations (also green H2 in EU-RED) CC(U)S R&D&D H2 and PtX subsidies Tenders and subsidies for storage Market regulation for storages Note: this is not a strict chronological order and the instruments are non exhaustive Net metering CC(U)S Regulation Electricity market reforms ETS Grid connection costs adjustments CC(U)S Market Pools and Tenders Feed-in premium in RES in electricity
- 8. • Policy stability and predictability enables capacity build up • Policy adjustments to reduce investment risks • Integrated measures and mandates successful for heating and cooling • Policy signals to make new options part of national energy systems Decarbonisation in energy supply – lessons learned Seite 8
- 9. The evolving policy landscape in industry Seite 9 Note: this is not a strict chronological order and the instruments are non exhaustive H2 support schemes Support for CC(U)S infrastructure Funding mechanisms for innovative industrial clusters Financial incentives for smart metering Circular economy business models Grants for switching to electricity Energy efficiency competitive tenders Standards on cross- sectoral technologies Efficiency Incentives for Large Electricity Consumers Waste- heat recovery grants Mandatory energy audits Support to CHP & renewable heat ETS Carbon Border Tax Adjustment Industry 4.0 tax credits and supports Voluntary agreements White certificates and quoatas Investment grants and loans Peak demand shaving support schemes
- 10. • Many decarbonisation projects lack positive business cases • Frameworks encouraging markets for low-carbon high-priced products are discussed • Grants to promote electrification have been successful so far • Industry-energy sector policies coordination is needed • Supports to circular economy and industrial symbiosis / innovative clusters Decarbonisation in industry – lessons learned Seite 10
- 11. The evolving policy landscape in buildings Seite 11 Eco-design and labelling requirements for appliances Energy and Carbon taxes Minimum energy efficiency requirements Sharing cost between tenants and landlords and ESCOs Carbon pricing Note: this is not a strict chronological order and the instruments are non exhaustive Energy service markets for heat pumps Bans of fossil- fuels/inefficient equipment Minimum emissions performance standards Serial renovations Smart metering regulations Subsidies for EV infrastructure in buildings Information/ awareness campaigns Energy poverty measures Energy audits Voluntary agreements Subsidies and solft loans Updated building codes also for EV charging nZEB demonstration programmes Biofuels/e- fuels quotas
- 12. • Policy targets efficiency and decarbonisation acceleration • Challenges are high upfront costs: − Incentives (subsidies, loans, tax regulations, … ) − Mandates (bans of fossil boilers,…) − Access to capital − Tackling energy poverty • New financing schemes for sharing beneficiaries’ costs (split incentives) • Policies to change consumption behavior (campaigns, labelling, awareness,…) Decarbonisation in buildings – lessons learned Seite 12
- 13. The evolving policy landscape in mobility sector Seite 13 Fuel taxes (and exemptions) Note: this is not a chronological order and the instruments are non exhaustive MaaS Circulation tax benefits Registration tax benefits Import tax benefits Scrapping subsidies Purchase subsidies Vehicle emissions standards Low- carbon zones Bans on vehicles E-fuels on aviation EV infrastructure promotion Bonus- malus (ecobonus vs ecotaxes) Biofuel quotas Mobility pricing Public transport promotion (subsidies, bundling) Car labelling Carbon pricing Aviation taxes Life-cycle based fuel taxes Heavy trucks taxes H2 infrastructure tenders H2 fuel stations requirements and subsidies Local incentives for EVs Information campaigns for EVs Public procurement
- 14. • Subsidies were instrumental in accelerating EV sales, but broader portfolios are needed • Information/Campaigns on alternative transport infrastructure • Vehicle innovation complemented with innovative transport demand management • EU-ETS experience sets the way to a carbon pricing scheme Decarbonisation in mobility – lessons learned Seite 14
- 15. • Post-2020 policies aim at enabling low-carbon innovations − especially in sectors with long investment cycles • Strengthening of the carbon markets are on the table − expansion of ETS to transport/buildings , carbon border tax adjustments • Social just transition is a major concern (particularly in relation to carbon pricing) − revenue re-distribution to households, end exemptions for certain sectors • Strengthening of natural carbon sinks and access to international CO2 storage sites • Security of supply and access to zero-carbon energy carriers concerns Some conclusions from the policy inventory contents Seite 15
- 16. Seite 16 Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen Mein Dank geht an: • Nikos Kleanthis (UPRC) • Ilias Tsopelas (UPRC) • Alexandros Flamos (UPRC) • Meixi Zhang (PSI) • Bakytzhan Suleimenov (PSI) • Tom Kober (PSI) Evangelos Panos Energy Economics Group Paul Scherrer Institute evangelos.panos@psi.ch