4G is a successor to 3G and 2G wireless networks. It aims to provide high speed data rates of up to 20 Mbps and above using technologies like OFDM and MIMO. Some key goals of 4G include supporting all-IP networks with a variety of multimedia services and voice/data convergence over IP with high quality of service. However, 4G also faces challenges like higher battery usage and more complex hardware requirements.

1. By Suryanarayana Murthy.A B-Tech (ECE)

19. Time-Line of “Generations

20. 3G 4G Frequency Band 1.8 - 2.5 GHz 2 - 8 GHz Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz Data rate Up to 2Mbps Up to 20 Mbps or more Access Wideband CDMA Multi-carrier - CDMA or OFDM Switching Circuit/Packet Packet Mobile top speeds 200 kmph 200 kmph

24. User data rate 2.56 - 8.96 Mbps Modulation QPSK,QAM Coding rate 1/2 - 7/8 Data subcarriers 512 (average) (128, 256,384 optional Symbol duration 200µs Guard interval 40µs Subcarrier spacing 6.25 kHz Channel Spacing 5 MHz (1.25 MHz optional) Carrier frequency --2GHz

26. PARAMETERS 4G Key Requirement Data and voice converged over IP IP All IP (lPv6) Frequency Band Higher frequency bands 2 - 8 GHz Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz (might even go to 100 MHz or higher) Data Rate Up to 20 Mbps (might even reach 100 Mbps or more) Access Technology Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA)or OFDM(TDMA) Switching Design Basis Packet Mobile Top Speeds 200 km/hr Deployment 2007-2010

30. T3’s 3D GOGGLE PHONE NOKIA’s WRISTBAND PHONE SAMSUNG