Mobile communication has evolved significantly since the first prediction in 1959 and demonstration in 1973. It allows users to stay connected anytime and anywhere through voice calls, SMS, and apps. The top manufacturers are Samsung, Apple, and others. While mobile technology provides many benefits, it also has environmental and human impacts that require consideration, such as the use of conflict minerals that fund violence. Future developments like 5G will further change mobile communication.

1. Mobile Communication

2. Contents
1. History
2. Benefits/uses, applications
3. Mobile carriers, operators & manufacturers
4. Future evolution
5. Environmental & Human imapct
6. Conflict minerals
7. Other points

3. History
• An accurate prediction was
presented by Arthur C. Clarke in
1959 essay, He wrote: "the time
will come when we will be able to
call a person anywhere on Earth
merely by dialing a number."
• First handheld mobile phone was
demonstrated by Motorola in
1973.
• 2G tech. launched in 1991 in
Finland
Arthur C. Clarke

4. Benifits
• Mini PC
• Enhance your
business
• Transfer of data
• Entertainment
• Stay connected
anytime anywhere

5. Uses
• Send SMS
• Alarm clock
• Web browsing
• Voice calls
• Music
• Email
• Social network
• Calculator
• Digital map
• Mobile games

6. Text Messaging
• The most commonly used application.
• The first sms text message was sent from a
computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the
U.K.
• The first person-to-person sms from phone to
phone was sent in Finland in 1993.

7. Sim Card
• SIM is known as Subscriber
Identity Module.
• GSM feature phones require a
small microchip called as SIM card
to function.
• The SIM card allows user to
change phones by simply
removing the card & inserting it
into another mobile phone.
• It is usually placed underneath
the battery in the rear of the unit.

8. Mobile Phone Operators

9. Manufacturers
• Prior to 2010 , Nokia
was the market
leader.
• In 2012, based on
stratergy analytics,
Samsung supressed
Nokia, selling 93.3
million units.

10. Manufacturers
• The top five worldwide mobile phone vendors
are
• 1) Samsung
• 2) Nokia
• 3) Apple
• 4) LG
• 5) ZTE

11. Mobile Banking & Payments
• In many countries, mobile
phones are used to provide
mobile banking service.
• This includes the ability to
transfer cash payments by
secure SMS text messages.
• Cash may be deposited or
withdrawn from M-PESA
accounts at retail outlets
located throught the country.

12. Tracking & Privacy
• Mobile phones are also commonly used to collect
location data.
• The geographic location of a mobile phone can be
determined easily by a tech. known as
“multilateration” to calculate the diff. in time for a
signal to travel from the cell phone to each of
several cell towers near the owner of the phone.
• The movements of a user can be tracked by their
service provider.

13. Future Evolution
• 5G is a tech. used in research papers and projects
to denote the next major phase of mobile
telecommunication standards beyond the 4G
standards.
• 5G is not officially used for any specification or
official document yet made public by
telecommuinication companies or standardization
bodies such as 3G.

14. Future Evolution

15. Environmental Impact
• Studies have shown that around 40-50% of the
environmental impact occures during the
manufacturing of the printed wiring boards & IC’s.
• The average user replaces their phone every 11 to
18 months.
• The discarded phones then contribute to electronic
waste.

16. Impact On Human Health

17. Conflict Minerals
• Demand for metals found
in mobile phone is fuelling
the Congo Civil War.
• The war claimed almost 5.5
million lives.
• For the last 15 years, the
Democratic Republic of the
Congo has been a major
source of natural resources
for the mobile phone
industry.

18. Conflict Minerals

19. Conflict Minerals
• In a 2012 news story the
Guardian reported , “In unsafe
mines deep underground in
eastern Congo. children's are
working to extract minerals
essential for the electronic
industry. The profits from the
bloodiest conflict since the
second world war”.
• Fair phone is an attempt to
develop a mobile phone
which does not contains
conflict minerals

20. Some Other Points Related To Mobile
1) Games
2) Data communication
3) Types
4) Features
5) Misuses
6) Working
7) Versions
8) Operating systems

21. Some Other Points Related To Mobile
9) Internal circuit
10) Capacity
11) Processor
12) Battery
13) Hardware
14) Wi-Fi
15) Economy
16) Bad effects

22. Some Other Points Related To Mobile
17) Screen resolution
18) Size & shape
19) Replacement to mobile
20) Video calling
21) Nano tech.
22) Employment generation
23) Parts
24) Repair of mobile

23. Some Other Points Related To Mobile
25) Training of mobile operation
26) Antenna
27) Literature
28) Monthly cost of communication
29) Mobile & rural development
30) New experiments
31) Ads on mobile
32) Types of communication

24. Some Other Points Related To Mobile
33) Bands of mobile communication
34) Battery charger
35) Battery life
36) Anti-theft protection
37) Waterproofing tech.
38) Uses in India & world
39) Disadvantages

25. Thank You…..!!!!
Presented by :- NIKHILESH VAIDYA
T. Y.
INSTRUMENTATION
S.G.G.S. NANDED.

26. THE END