Mobile computing allows users to access computing resources anywhere through portable devices. It began with early portable calculators and computers and expanded with wireless connectivity. Key aspects include mobile OSes, cellular networks from 1G to 4G, and a variety of applications. Challenges include security, unreliable wireless links, limited resources, and health concerns. However, advances in areas like AI, integrated circuits, and smartphones point to a future with even more powerful and ubiquitous mobile access to information and services.

1. lightspeedteam

2. Mobile Computing

3. Content
• Introduction to Mobile Computing
• Mobile Communication
• Mobile OS
• Applications of Mobile Computing
• Challenges Faced
• Current trends & Future

4. What is Mobile Computing?
• Computing?
– The use or operation of computers
• Mobile?
– Able to move or be moved freely or easily

5. What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one
kind or another) while on the move

6. What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Being able to use a computing device even
when being mobile and therefore changing
location (Portability is one aspect of mobile
computing)

7. What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Mobile computing is the ability to use
computing capability without a pre-defined
location and/or connection to a network to
publish and/or subscribe to information

8. What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Mobile Computing is an umbrella term used
to describe technologies that enable people to
access network services anyplace, anytime,
and anywhere

9. How it all started
• 2400 BC in Babylon – the Abacus
• 1936 – Z1 Computer (Konrad Zuse)
• 1942 – ABC Computer
• 1968 – HP 9100A
• 1974 – Xerox Alto
• 1975 – Altair 8800
• 1975 – IBM 5100

10. Where does Mobile Computing come
in?
• The concept came around 1990s
• Can be divided into a number of eras:
– Portability
– Miniaturization
– Connectivity
– Convergence
– Divergence
– Apps
– Digital Ecosystem

11. 1971 - Busicom LE-120A
'Handy-LE' Calculator

12. 1981 – Osborne 1 Portable Computer

13. 1982 - Grid Compass 1100 Clamshell Laptop

14. 1983 - DynaTAC 8000x

15. 1999 - Apple iBook G3 Wi-Fi-Enabled Laptop

16. 2002 - Acer TravelMate TM-100 Laptop/Tablet
Hybrid

17. 2007 - Apple iPhone

18. Why go Mobile?
• No location barriers
• Increase in productivity
• Cloud computing
• Future prospects

19. Mobile Communications

20. What is Mobile Communication?
• Communication network that does not involve
a wire connection between two entities

21. Three Types
Communication
Methods
Cellular
Data
Services
Wireless
Satellites

22. Cellular Data Services
1G
• First Generation Networks
2G
• Second Generation Networks
3G
• Third Generation Networks

23. First Generation Networks
Used Analog
Signals
Called “Brick
Phones” and
“Bag Phones”
They were first
introduced for
cellular
industry

24. Second Generation Networks
• First digital cellular network
• Improved sound quality
• Better security

25. There are three common technologies used
CDMA
FDMA
TDMA
Frequency division multiple access(FDMA)
Time division multiple access (TDMA)
Code division multiple access (CDMA)

26. GSM Network?
• Global System for Mobile communication
• Standard set developed by “European
Telecommunications Standards Institute”(ETSI)

27. Third Generation Networks
• High-speed transmission
• Advanced multimedia access
• Global roaming

28. How is 3G Better?
• Several times higher data speed;
• Enhanced audio and video streaming;
• Video-conferencing support;
• Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds;
• IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.
3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous
networks:

29. Wireless Technology
• the transfer of information between two or
more points that are not connected by an
electrical conductor.

30. • Wi-Fi is a very common wireless technology
that was developed in the 1990s
technically referred to as the 802.11 protocol

31. Beyond 3G Networks
Conclusion
Fourth generation of mobile
wireless services

32. Applications of Mobile Computing

33. APPLICATIONS OF MOBILE COMPUTING

34. Emergency
services
In companies
In courts
Credit card
verification
Stock
Information
Control
For Estate
Agents
Taxi/Truck
Dispatch
Electronic
Mail/Paging
Vehicles
Mobile
Banking

35. Emergency services

36. CDPD (cellular digital packet data)
Police Incident Information Screen

37. In companies

38. Credit card verification

39. For Legal Purposes
(In courts)

40. Stock Information
Collation/Control

41. For Estate Agents

42. Taxi/Truck Dispatch

43. Travelling Salesmen

44. Web Access
• Outdoor internet access

45. Vehicles

46. Location Aware Services

47. Entertainment

48. Mobile Banking and
Financial Services

49. Electronic Mail
/Paging

50. Challenges faced in mobile
Computing

51. Challenges faced
1. Security & Privacy risks
2. Unreliable & Unpredictable wireless links
3. Mobility
4. Limited Resources
5. Potential Health Hazards
6. Transmission interference

52. 1. Privacy and Security risks
 Authentication
 Encryption
 User anonymity
 Instead of the actual directory telephone number, the international
mobile subscriber identity number is used within the network to uniquely
identify a mobile subscriber.
 Threats
 Wi-Fi networks are a shared network that makes it easier for others to
eavesdrop on your communication
• Devices are stolen and tampered
• Cryptography
• Connection

53. Solutions…
• Secure web browsing
Use secure encrypted sessions.
• Secure Internet Transactions
Use UCI’ s VPN to encrypt your network traffic.
• Always use a personal firewall
Set the firewall to deny ALL incoming connections.

54. 2. Unreliable & unpredictable wireless links
• Wireless links are not reliable.
• They may vary over time and space.

55. 3. Mobility
• This causes poor quality wireless links
• And also causes intermittent connection
– Under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing,
TCP, Application break.
• This changes context

56. 4. Limited Resources
• Insufficient Bandwidth
• High bandwidth variability
• Low bandwidth
• Limited battery power
 Mobile computers must rely entirely on battery power. Combined
with compact size, this means unusually expensive batteries be used.
• Limited processing, display & storage

57. 5. Potential health hazards
• Potential health damages from cellular radio frequencies is not known
yet. However, more car accidents are related drivers who use mobile
devices like mobile phones….etc.

58. 6. Human interface with device
• As screens are often too small. Keyboards are impractical especially one-
handed & alternate methods such as speech or handwriting recognition
require training.

59. Conclusion
• Mobile Computing has severe limitations & it’s
far from impossible & technology improves all
the time……
• Lots of challenges……
• Some have (good) solutions and many others are still
waiting to be solved.

60. Future of mobile computing

61. Artificial Inteligence

62. Integrated Circuitry

63. Increase in the processing speed

64. Smart phones

65. Google glasses

66. Netbooks Vs Notebooks

67. What do they have to say about
future of mobile computing?
Micheal Dell(Chairman and CEO in Dell Inc)
I think if you look at the small mobile devices that
we have today, whether we hold them in our hand
or otherwise, they are in fact personal computers.
We don't think of them as personal computers. We
think of them as smartphones

68. Richard Edelman(President and CEO in Edelman)
I am fascinated by the “always-on” kids, the
presence of tablets
Lee Rainie(Director Pew Research center’s Internet
and American life project)
So it's giving more power to people to be their
own economic agents. It's also obviously extending
their voices