BITS PILANI IoT PG PROGRAMME DESIGN ASSESSMENT.
The goal of the design assessment is to detect and predict forest fire promptly and accurately to minimize the loss of forests, wild animals, and people in the forest fire.
IJRET-V1I1P1 - Forest Fire Detection Based on Wireless Image Processing ISAR Publications
Fire is a terrifying weapon, with nearly unlimited destructive power. Fire accidents are a major
cause of human suffering and material loss and the one that perhaps are predicted the least
accurately. A series of computer vision-based fire detection algorithms is proposed in this paper.
These algorithms can be used in parallel with conventional fire detection systems to reduce false
alarms. The motivation behind this research is to obtain beneficial information from images in the
forest spatial data and use the same in the determination of regions at the risk of fires by utilizing
Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence techniques. The proposed intelligent system will thus
aid in alerting the fire stations with the help of a Global System for Mobile Communications in
event of any fire to take immediate actions before fire spreads quickly and causes traumatizing
loss.
Modelling of wireless sensor networks for detection land and forest fire hotspotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Indonesia located in South East Asia countries with tropical region, forest fires in Indonesia is
one of big issue and disaster because it happens in almost of every year, this is because of some of region
consist of peat land that high risk for fire especially in dry season. Riau Province is one of region that
regularly incident of forest fire with affected the length and breadth of Indonesia. Propose development of
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for detection of land and forest fire hotspot in Indonesia as well as one
of the main consents in this research, case location in Riau province is at one of the regions that high risk
forest fire in dry season. WSNs technology used for ground sensor system to collect environmental data.
Data training for fire hotspot detection is done in data center to determine and conclude of fire hotspot then
potential to become big fire. The deployment of sensors located at several locations that has potential for
fire incident, especially as data shown in previous case and forecast location with potential fire happen.
Mathematical analysis is used in this case for modelling number of sensors required to deploy and the size
of forest area. The design and development of WSNs give high impact and feasibility to overcome current
issues of forest fire and fire hotspot detection in Indonesia. The development of this system used WSNs
highly applicable for early warning and alert system for fire hotspot detection.
With the advancements in wireless technology and digital electronics, some tiny devices have started to be used in numerous areas in daily life. These devices are capable of sensing, computation and communicating. They are generally composed of low power radios, several smart sensors and embedded CPUs (Central Processing Units). These devices are used to form wireless sensor network (WSN) which is necessary to provide sensing services and to monitor environmental conditions. In parallel to WSNs, the idea of internet of things (IoT) is developed where IoT can be defined as an interconnection between identifiable devices within the internet connection in sensing and monitoring processes. This paper presents detailed overview of WSNs. It also assesses the technology and characteristics of WSNs. Moreover, it provides a review of WSN applications and IoT applications.
BITS PILANI IoT PG PROGRAMME DESIGN ASSESSMENT.
The goal of the design assessment is to detect and predict forest fire promptly and accurately to minimize the loss of forests, wild animals, and people in the forest fire.
IJRET-V1I1P1 - Forest Fire Detection Based on Wireless Image Processing ISAR Publications
Fire is a terrifying weapon, with nearly unlimited destructive power. Fire accidents are a major
cause of human suffering and material loss and the one that perhaps are predicted the least
accurately. A series of computer vision-based fire detection algorithms is proposed in this paper.
These algorithms can be used in parallel with conventional fire detection systems to reduce false
alarms. The motivation behind this research is to obtain beneficial information from images in the
forest spatial data and use the same in the determination of regions at the risk of fires by utilizing
Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence techniques. The proposed intelligent system will thus
aid in alerting the fire stations with the help of a Global System for Mobile Communications in
event of any fire to take immediate actions before fire spreads quickly and causes traumatizing
loss.
Modelling of wireless sensor networks for detection land and forest fire hotspotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Indonesia located in South East Asia countries with tropical region, forest fires in Indonesia is
one of big issue and disaster because it happens in almost of every year, this is because of some of region
consist of peat land that high risk for fire especially in dry season. Riau Province is one of region that
regularly incident of forest fire with affected the length and breadth of Indonesia. Propose development of
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for detection of land and forest fire hotspot in Indonesia as well as one
of the main consents in this research, case location in Riau province is at one of the regions that high risk
forest fire in dry season. WSNs technology used for ground sensor system to collect environmental data.
Data training for fire hotspot detection is done in data center to determine and conclude of fire hotspot then
potential to become big fire. The deployment of sensors located at several locations that has potential for
fire incident, especially as data shown in previous case and forecast location with potential fire happen.
Mathematical analysis is used in this case for modelling number of sensors required to deploy and the size
of forest area. The design and development of WSNs give high impact and feasibility to overcome current
issues of forest fire and fire hotspot detection in Indonesia. The development of this system used WSNs
highly applicable for early warning and alert system for fire hotspot detection.
With the advancements in wireless technology and digital electronics, some tiny devices have started to be used in numerous areas in daily life. These devices are capable of sensing, computation and communicating. They are generally composed of low power radios, several smart sensors and embedded CPUs (Central Processing Units). These devices are used to form wireless sensor network (WSN) which is necessary to provide sensing services and to monitor environmental conditions. In parallel to WSNs, the idea of internet of things (IoT) is developed where IoT can be defined as an interconnection between identifiable devices within the internet connection in sensing and monitoring processes. This paper presents detailed overview of WSNs. It also assesses the technology and characteristics of WSNs. Moreover, it provides a review of WSN applications and IoT applications.
Fire Monitoring System for Fire Detection Using ZigBee and GPRS SystemIOSRJECE
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is best suited for applications where continuous and long term data acquisition is required. Forest fire monitoring is one of such application where continuous monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential to detect the wildfire. Monitoring forest for wildfire detection is very much necessary to protect environment and to conserve forest wealth and habitats of biodiversity and livelihood of human. This paper presents an algorithm to detect the wildfire based on the changes occurring in humidity and temperature during fire and presents methodology based on ZigBee and GPRS wireless sensor network which provides low cost solution with long life time, low maintenance and good quality service as compared to the traditional method of wildfire detection. The hardware circuitry of proposed solution is based on Arduino board with ATmega328 microcontroller, temperature sensor and humidity sensor along with ZigBee and GPRS modules.
Black Box for Accident Analysis Using MATLAB-Image ProcessingEditor IJCATR
The main purpose of this paper is to develop a prototype device that can be installed in automobile for accident analysis .in this paper I proposed a method to analysis the face of driver that weather he was felling doziness while driving. This is done by taking the image from the raspberry pi device and put it in an image processing method using MATLAB. Also, I used the method to store the data into the cloud as well as device which can be further used for analysis the cause of accident.
Intrusion Detection in A Smart Forest-Fire Early Warning Sensory SystemRatul Alahy
Incorporating an Intrusion Detection System(IDS) for a wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the efficient moves to detect early intrusion to protect the integrity of the system. Machine learning Neural networks makes the intrusion detection task in WSN much easier by analyzing the data collected from sensor nodes(temperature, light, sound, and smoke). However, maintaining security and preventing intrusion in such approach remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a Smart Intrusion Detection System (SIDS) which will be trained and tested using neural network approaches. The SIDS will be evaluated using parameters such as accuracy, timeliness, and trusted neighbor nodes, and the result is obtained for intrusion scenario using neural networks algorithms.
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
Wearable Gait Classification Using STM SensortileShayan Mamaghani
- Successful and efficient classification of gait behavior.
- Automated real-time discrimination.
- Used STM Sensortile in a dual sensor data acquisition module and a Beaglebone for processing.
- Utilized the FANN neural network library to train and test the system.
Smart Home Management System Using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)paperpublications3
Abstract: Nowadays, shortage of electricity is a very serious problem due to insufficient production. The wastage of electricity can be avoided by switching off the electrical appliances when not in use. This can be achieved by using Smart home system which automatically turns off loads when not in use, the system can save energy in homes and offices. The system will automatically switch off based on the presence of people at home. Another major issue is that there might be occurrence of theft when nobody is present at home. The theft can be avoided by using MEMS accelerometer which intimates the user through registered mobile number when there is an unexpected break of windows or door through the GSM modem. The system in addition also has a provision for the user to fix energy consumption reading and when the user consumption exceeds a fixed reading, a message would be sent to the users registered mobile number through the GSM modem. Applications for this system include workstations, open office cubicles, home offices, and home entertainment systems.
Wireless sensor network is emerging field because of its wide applications. It is a wireless network which subsist a group of small sensor nodes which communicate through radio interface. These sensor nodes are composed of sensing, computation, communication and power as four basic elements. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. But limited energy, communication capability, storage and bandwidth are the main resource constraints. The network should have self-organizing capabilities as the positions of individual nodes are not predetermined. The flexibility, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low cost, and rapid deployment characteristics of sensor networks create many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. Our survey is based on various aspects of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks.
Healthcare Monitoring System by using iSense Device& IOT PlatformIJMTST Journal
In the recent years Wireless Sensor Network have given rise to many healthcare applications. As the cost and size of sensor devices are decreasing fast, the application areas of wireless sensor networks have also expanded rapidly.iSense are the WSN devises works under the 802.15.4 IEEE standard iSense gives both hardware and software solution to build wireless sensor application. So in this paper we used both hardware and software part of the iSense. We connected our Sensor data to the internet of things (IOT). We use some of cloud services to stores patient’s records over the cloudDatabse. MongoDB is a schema less database tool which gives interface to store patient’s records on cloud.In this paper we use cloud service as DaaS (Database as a Service). The MongoLab provides the DaaS from different service providers like Microsoft Azure, Google etc, so that our sensor data can stored on cloud by getting the services. Finally the patient’s body temperature, body activity status, alcohol content in the body all these records processed by the isenseCoremodule and can stores data on cloud, so that respective patient’s physicians can take effective and quick decisions to improve patient life by accessing cloud data from different remote locations.
The wireless sensor node can only be equipped with a
limited power source. In some application scenarios,
replenishment of power resources might be impossible. Sensor
node lifetime, therefore, shows a strong dependence on battery
lifetime. Hence, power conservation and power management take
on additional importance. The main task of a sensor node in a
sensor field is to detect events, perform quick local data
processing, and then transmit the data. Power consumption can
hence be divided into three domains: sensing, communication,
and data processing. One of the most commonly used Power
management techniques is to allow a node to follow sleep-wake
up-sample-compute-communicate cycle. Based on the amount of
the battery availability, by adopting the proper information
dissemenitation schemes, the network life time can be extended.
This process relies on hardware support for implementing sleep
states, permits the power consumption of a node to be reduced by
many orders of magnitude.
Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detectionijeei-iaes
n this paper a wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed from a group of radiation detector stations with different types of sensors. These stations are located in different areas and each sensor transmits its data through GSM network to the main monitoring and control station. The design includes GPS module to determine the location of mobile and fixed station. The data is transmitted with GSM/GPRS modem. Instead of using traditional SMS data string or word messages a digital data frame is constructed and transmitted as SMS data. In the main monitoring station graphical user interface (GUI) software is designed to shows information and statues of the all stations in the network. It reports any radiation leaks, in addition to the data; the GUI contains a geographical map to display the location of the leakage station and can control the stations power consumption by sending a special command to it.
Fire Monitoring System for Fire Detection Using ZigBee and GPRS SystemIOSRJECE
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is best suited for applications where continuous and long term data acquisition is required. Forest fire monitoring is one of such application where continuous monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential to detect the wildfire. Monitoring forest for wildfire detection is very much necessary to protect environment and to conserve forest wealth and habitats of biodiversity and livelihood of human. This paper presents an algorithm to detect the wildfire based on the changes occurring in humidity and temperature during fire and presents methodology based on ZigBee and GPRS wireless sensor network which provides low cost solution with long life time, low maintenance and good quality service as compared to the traditional method of wildfire detection. The hardware circuitry of proposed solution is based on Arduino board with ATmega328 microcontroller, temperature sensor and humidity sensor along with ZigBee and GPRS modules.
Black Box for Accident Analysis Using MATLAB-Image ProcessingEditor IJCATR
The main purpose of this paper is to develop a prototype device that can be installed in automobile for accident analysis .in this paper I proposed a method to analysis the face of driver that weather he was felling doziness while driving. This is done by taking the image from the raspberry pi device and put it in an image processing method using MATLAB. Also, I used the method to store the data into the cloud as well as device which can be further used for analysis the cause of accident.
Intrusion Detection in A Smart Forest-Fire Early Warning Sensory SystemRatul Alahy
Incorporating an Intrusion Detection System(IDS) for a wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the efficient moves to detect early intrusion to protect the integrity of the system. Machine learning Neural networks makes the intrusion detection task in WSN much easier by analyzing the data collected from sensor nodes(temperature, light, sound, and smoke). However, maintaining security and preventing intrusion in such approach remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a Smart Intrusion Detection System (SIDS) which will be trained and tested using neural network approaches. The SIDS will be evaluated using parameters such as accuracy, timeliness, and trusted neighbor nodes, and the result is obtained for intrusion scenario using neural networks algorithms.
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
Wearable Gait Classification Using STM SensortileShayan Mamaghani
- Successful and efficient classification of gait behavior.
- Automated real-time discrimination.
- Used STM Sensortile in a dual sensor data acquisition module and a Beaglebone for processing.
- Utilized the FANN neural network library to train and test the system.
Smart Home Management System Using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)paperpublications3
Abstract: Nowadays, shortage of electricity is a very serious problem due to insufficient production. The wastage of electricity can be avoided by switching off the electrical appliances when not in use. This can be achieved by using Smart home system which automatically turns off loads when not in use, the system can save energy in homes and offices. The system will automatically switch off based on the presence of people at home. Another major issue is that there might be occurrence of theft when nobody is present at home. The theft can be avoided by using MEMS accelerometer which intimates the user through registered mobile number when there is an unexpected break of windows or door through the GSM modem. The system in addition also has a provision for the user to fix energy consumption reading and when the user consumption exceeds a fixed reading, a message would be sent to the users registered mobile number through the GSM modem. Applications for this system include workstations, open office cubicles, home offices, and home entertainment systems.
Wireless sensor network is emerging field because of its wide applications. It is a wireless network which subsist a group of small sensor nodes which communicate through radio interface. These sensor nodes are composed of sensing, computation, communication and power as four basic elements. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. But limited energy, communication capability, storage and bandwidth are the main resource constraints. The network should have self-organizing capabilities as the positions of individual nodes are not predetermined. The flexibility, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low cost, and rapid deployment characteristics of sensor networks create many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. Our survey is based on various aspects of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks.
Healthcare Monitoring System by using iSense Device& IOT PlatformIJMTST Journal
In the recent years Wireless Sensor Network have given rise to many healthcare applications. As the cost and size of sensor devices are decreasing fast, the application areas of wireless sensor networks have also expanded rapidly.iSense are the WSN devises works under the 802.15.4 IEEE standard iSense gives both hardware and software solution to build wireless sensor application. So in this paper we used both hardware and software part of the iSense. We connected our Sensor data to the internet of things (IOT). We use some of cloud services to stores patient’s records over the cloudDatabse. MongoDB is a schema less database tool which gives interface to store patient’s records on cloud.In this paper we use cloud service as DaaS (Database as a Service). The MongoLab provides the DaaS from different service providers like Microsoft Azure, Google etc, so that our sensor data can stored on cloud by getting the services. Finally the patient’s body temperature, body activity status, alcohol content in the body all these records processed by the isenseCoremodule and can stores data on cloud, so that respective patient’s physicians can take effective and quick decisions to improve patient life by accessing cloud data from different remote locations.
The wireless sensor node can only be equipped with a
limited power source. In some application scenarios,
replenishment of power resources might be impossible. Sensor
node lifetime, therefore, shows a strong dependence on battery
lifetime. Hence, power conservation and power management take
on additional importance. The main task of a sensor node in a
sensor field is to detect events, perform quick local data
processing, and then transmit the data. Power consumption can
hence be divided into three domains: sensing, communication,
and data processing. One of the most commonly used Power
management techniques is to allow a node to follow sleep-wake
up-sample-compute-communicate cycle. Based on the amount of
the battery availability, by adopting the proper information
dissemenitation schemes, the network life time can be extended.
This process relies on hardware support for implementing sleep
states, permits the power consumption of a node to be reduced by
many orders of magnitude.
Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detectionijeei-iaes
n this paper a wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed from a group of radiation detector stations with different types of sensors. These stations are located in different areas and each sensor transmits its data through GSM network to the main monitoring and control station. The design includes GPS module to determine the location of mobile and fixed station. The data is transmitted with GSM/GPRS modem. Instead of using traditional SMS data string or word messages a digital data frame is constructed and transmitted as SMS data. In the main monitoring station graphical user interface (GUI) software is designed to shows information and statues of the all stations in the network. It reports any radiation leaks, in addition to the data; the GUI contains a geographical map to display the location of the leakage station and can control the stations power consumption by sending a special command to it.
Major works on the necessity and implementations pptMysa Vijay
It describes how the public key cryptography is far better then Symmetric key cryptography. Its importance and advantages in security levels in Wireless sensor networks. It provides some proves and some future recommendations too.
WSN Based Temperature Monitoring System for Multiple Locations in Industryijtsrd
Wireless sensor network technology has demonstrated a great potential for industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. Speci cally, in process monitoring and control, process data such as pressure, humidity, temperature, ow, level, viscosity, density and vibration intensity measurements can be collected through sensing units and transferred wirelessly to a control system for operation and management. Adopting WSNs for process monitoring and control provides great advantages over traditional wired system. In today's world we are facing with many di erent types of emergencies in the indoor environment. Response to such emergencies is critical in order to protect resources including human life and also we can save property from damage. This wireless sensor network for Temperature monitoring System which can report the emergency to the users in various forms, such as pop ups on a Computer screen, SMS on their cell phones and so on. Due to this exibility of reporting low cost wireless sensor network prepared for emergency response system of future. We are going to develop three wireless sensor nodes and we have to place in di erent position in the building using arduino board and we have to inform to the master node or monitoring node about the temperature available at each sensor node. While sending data to each and every sensor is very costly. Hence nodes are connected to WSN and their is only one node called 'Gateway' which collects the data from all other nodes and sends it to the cloud. Aditya Jogdand | Amit Chaudhari | Niranjan Kadu | Udaykumar Shroff ""WSN Based Temperature Monitoring System for Multiple Locations in Industry"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23124.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23124/wsn-based-temperature-monitoring-system-for-multiple-locations-in-industry/aditya-jogdand
The multiple applications (Forest, Industrial, Home) sector being the backbone of the security system. Security systems which are being used now a day are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. This Project is very useful in industrial monitoring system, forest safety and controlling an application. The Processing Sensor analysis of PIR sensors, Fire, air, temp sensors based multiple sector Analysis industrial, human identification and Any Identification Indicate LCD Display and Web camera Based Any Problem Capture Stored Image Data base. In the present work a PIC Microcontroller based the remote irrigation system is developing for the multiple process. The microcontroller use to controlling and displaying the resultant sensor values LCD Display Identifying System.
Dynamic Communication of Wireless Sensor Network IJERA Editor
The aim of present this paper is to the describes the design of a wireless sensor network and RFID communication based on ZigBee technology. It is mainly used for dynamic communication with various nodes. For communication and connected coverage here used various algorithms which improves the efficiency of the system. Here temperature sensor are used for sensor nodes for observation and analysis of node communication with real time application. Verifying the dynamic communication between the nodes and overcome the collision problems between master and slaves. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime, it compare approach with the shortest path and RANDOM algorithm with nearest neighbor approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime achieved by the proposed method could be increased by nearly Twenty five percent more than that obtained by the RANDOM and by nearly Twenty percent more than that obtained by the Local Connect Then Cover (LCTC)
Remote Monitoring of Crop Field Using Wireless Sensor NetworkIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Environmental Parameter Analysis and Control Using Multipoint Wireless Sensor...ijsrd.com
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is becoming increasingly popular, particularly as applied to a variety of monitoring and tracking applications. Recent developments and advances in both information processing and wireless sensor technologies have provided environmental management systems with capabilities of real-time remote location monitoring. WSN enables monitoring and management of a large set of environmental data including climatic, atmospheric, plant and soil parameters that influence cropland growing environments. Real-time sensor data collection is used for accurate illustrations of current conditions while forecasting future conditions and risks. The real time information from the fields can provide a solid base for farmers to adjust strategies at any time. Instead of making decisions based in some hypothetical average condition, which may not exist anywhere in the reality, a precision farming approach recognizes differences and adjusts management actions accordingly. The prototype sensor network was built on Arduino open source hardware with a seamlessly integrated ZigBee RF module and configured to operate within the ZigBee mesh network standard. This paper provides the implementation of monitoring and controlling of temperature, humidity and flammable gas using ZigBee.
Sensor Network to monitor Atmosphere for Green House and Agriculture SciencesKarthik Sharma
Greenhouses are one of the major ways in agricultural sciences to conduct research when they need a controlled environment. For the environment, the most important factors are temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. Providing a way of continuous monitoring of these environmental changes helps the users to understand and analyze these components in a better way. These facilities are spread over the vast area, which makes it ideal for a use of Wireless Sensor Network with a large number of nodes for monitoring data. The sensor network is a collection of the sensor nodes which will send the data to the base station at a particular interval. Here we used the MTS400 and IRIS notes to collect and send data. The main idea of this project is to collect the atmosphere changes and send data wirelessly to a central server, processes raw data and stores it and allows it to be analyzed and displayed as needed. In our project, we used a mySQL database to store the data. The data is then displayed in web pages which are developed using PHP and Javascript.
it has a small description about how wireless sensor system network can be applied in various field. A application of leaksge detection is discussed in detail.
Elderly care is one of the many applications
supported by real-time activity recognition systems. We have
slightly modified the project based on suggestions of the previous
examiner and replaced the RFID Card with NFC.Studies show
that aged persons experience steady decline in cognitive, visual
and physical functions caused by different age-related diseases.
New applications are under active development to provide daily
support for elderlies with different types and degrees of
impairments.
Range Free Localization using Expected Hop Progress in Wireless Sensor NetworkAM Publications
Wireless sensor network (WSN) combines the concept of wireless network with sensors. Wireless Sensor Networks
have been proposed for a multitude of location-dependent applications. Localization (location estimation) capability is
essential in most wireless sensor network applications. In environmental monitoring applications such as animal habitat
monitoring, bush fire surveillance, water quality monitoring and precision agriculture, the measurement data are
meaningless without an accurate knowledge of the location from where the data are obtained. Finding position without the
aid of GPS in each node of an ad hoc network is important in cases where GPS is either not accessible, or not practical to use
due to power, form factor or line of sight conditions. So here we are going to used DV-Hop algorithm, i.e. distance vector
routing algorithm for finding the position of sensor. Here we summarizes the performance evaluation criteria of the
wireless sensor network and algorithms, classification methods, and highlights the principles and characteristics of the
algorithm and system representative of the field in recent years, and several algorithms simulation and analysis.
IoT Based Water Level Meter for Alerting Population about Floodsijtsrd
The most important thing before, during and after a disaster is the dissemination of information, the deployment of IoT enabled devices Internet of Things which can bring benefits in terms of providing people with the right decision making information in the face of this disaster. In this paper, we introduce a sensor for measuring water quality in rivers, lakes, ponds and streams. To prove our idea, weve developed a pilot project using a small scale model used for water based sensors based on an open circuit that meets water and is tested horizontally in a water container under a controlled environment. Ashwin Kumar V | Bharanidharan N | Bharanidharan S | Vanaja. C "IoT Based Water Level Meter for Alerting Population about Floods" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31714.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31714/iot-based-water-level-meter-for-alerting-population-about-floods/ashwin-kumar-v
Monitoring and Controlling Device for Smart Greenhouse by using Thinger.io Io...ijtsrd
Smart greenhouse system will be convenient way to get the data from greenhouse. IoT will provide all work done and information update and current status of the greenhouse to the person from anywhere and at anytime. Greenhouse production mainly human force and production capacity is low. The greenhouse information which the owner gets is limited and the process is time consuming but real time. Using Iot based on smart greenhouse can quickly obtain to monitor greenhouse environment data such as humidity, temperature and light intensity, real time and accurate. Various sensors sense and collect information to transmit the background processing centre, after analysis can be precise, can be used both manual and automated control system. The results of the system are simulated with the help of Proteus simulation software. And the experimental result evaluation of the implemented control system for greenhouse is based on the environmental factors of orchids, the propose plant grown in smart greenhouse. Orchids are expensive products in plant market. So orchids are chosen to grow in the smart greenhouse. Win Sandar Aung | Saw Aung Nyein Oo ""Monitoring and Controlling Device for Smart Greenhouse by using Thinger.io IoT Server"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25212.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25212/monitoring-and-controlling-device-for-smart-greenhouse-by-using-thingerio-iot-server/win-sandar-aung
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Mobile and Web Applications for Sensing Hazardous Room Temperature using Wireless Sensore Networks
1. 1
Mobile and Web Application for Sensing
Hazardous Room Temperatures using
Wireless Sensor Network
Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen
Institut für Informatik
Telematics Group
Practical Course on Wireless Sensor Networks (Lab)
Dr. Omar Alfandi,
Prof. Dr. Dieter Hogrefe,
Arne Bochem, M.Sc-Inf.
Submitted By:
Vijay Soppadandi: 21363273
Pushpendra Chaturvedi: 11336967
Gurjinder Singh:11333672
Masters in Applied Computer Science
Summer Semester 2014
Date of Submission: 30 May 2014
3. 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Wireless Sensor networks are widely used for accomplishing various tasks and performing
several functions. They can be employed to measure real world environment and
atmospheric values such as temperature humidity, visibility of light, sound, pressure, speed
etc. As the name suggests wireless sensor networks is interconnection of sensors in definite
topological manner or ad-hoc to sense various environmental or physical variables from the
real world. The objective of this project is to design a wireless sensor network which has the
ability to sense and notify the hazardous increase in temperature at the location under
surveillance in minimum time over the internet through web and mobile applications. The
network can find its application in locations such as dense forests, laboratories etc. where
change in temperature can become a harmful aspect due to ever changing environmental
factors. Functionality of Wireless sensor network for sensing the hazardous temperature
was programmed in TinyOS with nesC programming language. MoteView is a java based
application to display the recorded temperature values over the time. IRIS motes were used
establish the network connection through sensors and the specification of IRIS mote is 56
mm at x-axis, 36 mm on y-axis and 18 mm on z-axis. The algorithm implemented in this
sensor network is energy proficient so that the network can work with minimum power
requirements. Crossbow’s IRIS sensor was used to collect environmental data and to
transmit those readings in computer database. The android based mobile application and
PHP web application is developed to fetch those values from the computer database and
alarm the user when the temperature values cross certain threshold for hazardous
temperature.
Four IRIS sensors were used in this project to detect and store temperature values
from the environment. The web application was developed in PHP with Apache to fetch and
display the temperature whenever it crossed a certain threshold. The temperature
threshold for this prototype implementation was set to 40 degree Celsius. The mobile
application was developed with Android development services environment. IRIS sensors
typically cover the range of 100 meters, so each of four units could detect temperature in
the range of 10,000 square meters. The prototype implementation establishes that this
4. 4
network can be used for detecting and alarming the hazardous temperature in real world
with low investment in communication for consumer.
1. Introduction
The main benefits of using wireless sensor networks include low cost of implementation and
optimal energy usage. The main tasks that sensors of WSN perform are sensing the real
world environment, calculating the environment values and transferring those values to the
storage [1]. Continuous research and study in WSN has provided the small sized sensor
components which found there application in several useful systems such as vehicle tracking
systems, thermometers, motion detectors etc. The project deals with implementation of
similar WSN which has the ability to detect temperature values in real world environment
and store those values in the storage. The functionality of the project deals with notifying
the hazardous increase in temperature to the user through web application developed in
PHP or the Android mobile application over the internet, anytime anywhere. IRIS sensors
are responsible for sensing and storing the values in the storage through functionality
implemented in these sensors in TinyOS and nesC programming language. The same
environment uses MoteView java based software calls to notify and display the temperature
value in the computer. Android development services are responsible for notifying the
hazardous temperature on android devices and PHP application notifies the hazardous
temperature through we by displaying a pop up window. X-axis (56 mm), Y-axis (36 mm) and
Z-axis (18 mm) dimension value IRIS motes are used for the implementation of this heat
sensing project.
5. 5
2. Objective
The objective of this project is to establish a WSN that can monitor the change in
temperature values at a particular location and whenever the temperature crosses a given
threshold value for hazardous temperature, it pops up the notification through either a
webpage on internet or a pop-up window on android mobile device. To accomplish this
objective, IRIS motes should adapt to heat sensors and they should transfer the collected
temperature values to the base station connected to storage device (usually a computer
database). The project was designed to find its application in forest agencies, wildlife
services and real estate where change in temperature often causes calamities like forest fire
and other major losses.
3. Motivation
The technological advancements in field of WSN have decreased the size, power
consumption and cost of wireless sensors considerably. The computational capabilities of
sensors have also improved due to research and studies. The capability of modern wireless
sensors to perform sensing and computation with less power requirements increases the
lifetime and sustainability of WSN in various applications. Several algorithms are available
for WSN implementation. This project deals with heat sensing at remote locations, so
energy efficiency is a major requirement and the most suitable algorithm for implementing
this network is Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm. The algorithm
works with evenly distributed workload by grouping the sensors into clusters and rotating
the base station among them on random basis. The even distribution of workload on various
nodes elongates the lifetime of the network twice the original lifetime [2]. With use of this
6. 6
energy proficient algorithm the ciphered data can be transmitted by individual collector
nodes to base station with low power consumption.
4. Project Description
The project is serves as a prototype for implementing the temperature detection
mechanism with wireless sensor nodes. Energy efficient LEACH algorithm is used for data
transmission and accurate detection of temperature values from the environment. The
network was implemented with 3 intermediate nodes and 1 transceiver node which are
shown in figure 1. Each of the nodes contains the light sensors for signalling the node
activity for data sensing. The Computer base station was responsible for receiving, storing
and displaying the collected data values to the user. The programmed functionality of nodes
is described as follows
Intermediate nodes Functionality
Responsibility to route data to transceiver/sensor node.
Sensing and determining the heat level with temperature calculation.
Data forwarding and LED flash whenever data transmission takes place.
Transceiver Node Functionality
Storing record of data received from Intermediate nodes.
Define and control the routing path based on received data.
Receiving of Light conditions from Intermediate nodes.
Determined heating conditions using light intensity.
Transmitting the calculated data measurement to the base station
7. 7
Notify the user whenever temperature crosses a given threshold and determine
which intermediate node transferred the hazardous temperature.
The communication between base station and sensors in the network was enabled through
use of transceiver node. The transceiver node is responsible for accepting requests for data
transmission from base station and data measurement values from the intermediate sensor
nodes. The sensors transmit the measured values to the computer base station and it can
also communicate to other sensors in the network. The base station makes requests
periodically to each sensor node via transceiver node to take the temperature reading. The
nodes in response to base station request collect the values and transmit it to the base
station through transceiver for analysis. The sensor notifies the base station with an
interruption whenever it encounters the collected temperature value to be higher than the
specified threshold in application.
8. 8
5. Technical Specification
The transceiver node in this project is a cluster head and 3 intermediate nodes have
embedded light sensor to calculate light intensity and consequently judge the heat.
Crossbow IRIS serves as a central processor for this task and it is installed in all the 4 nodes
Intermediate
Node 1
Intermediate
Node 2
Intermediate
Node 3
Transceiver Node
Computer-Base
Station
Figure 1: Block Diagram of Heat Sensing WSN
Mobile (Android App)
Web Page/Service
Network
9. 9
for measuring the values. The technical specification of IRIS is displayed in Table 1 [2]. The
rate of data transmission for IRIS radio frequency transceiver reaches high value of 250 kbps
with benefits of globally compatible ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) frequency band.
Table 1: Technical Specification of IRIS
Ambient Light sensor, Accelerometer and Barometric pressure sensor is incorporated in
MTS400CB environmental sensor board. All the 3 intermediate nodes are made by
interconnecting IRIS with a light sensor. The technical specification of MTS400CB is
presented in Table 2 [2]. The IRIS containing light sensor at the transceiver is connected to
USB interface MIB520 board. The MIB 520 USB Interface board facilitates the
communication between base station and sensors in order to transfer data from IRIS to the
computer storage. MIB520 board basically provides a USB cable for connection
establishment and a 51 pin connector that enables communication between IRIS motes and
the computer. Detailed Technical specification of MIB 520 USB interface board is mentioned
in Table 3 [2].
10. 10
Table 2: Technical specification of MTS 400CB
Table 3: Technical specification of MIB520
6. Design Approach
The heat sensing project designed the network as a cluster grouping of sensor nodes. The
cluster composed of 1 transceiver node and 3 intermediate nodes. The transceiver has the
responsibility of heading the cluster nodes. TinyOS operating system was used for
establishing this network project. The transceiver node serving as cluster head was
connected to base station in which programmes were implemented with TinyOS and nesC
programming language. An energy efficient LEACH algorithm was implemented in sensors
for detecting the temperature values. The communication between sensors and base
station was intermediated by transceiver node/ cluster head.
11. 11
The LEACH algorithm implemented in transceiver is based on information packets that
inform about heat intensity and transmitted by intermediate nodes. The decision of heat
hazardness is made upon the most recently collected information packet and these packets
are stored in computer database. The packets also contain an identification number that
identifies the node transmitting concerned packet. The transmitter node is connected to
base station that records and stores the transmitted data, IRIS mote performing the role of
head of the cluster and MIB520 board to establish communication. Additional code for
other required functionalities is implemented in IRIS through MIB520.
The Intermediate nodes are connected with the IRIS and light sensor and the program is
implemented in these nodes through MIB520 board. The MIB520 board is removed as soon
as program is installed in the intermediate nodes. The intermediate nodes thus cannot store
too much data due to limited storage capabilities without connection to the MIB520. Thus
these intermediate are capable of only transmitting the data packets containing heat data to
the transceiver. Another program was implemented in intermediate nodes that enable
them to switch the LED on whenever data transmission takes place and this helps in
visualizing the routing path of the packet transmission. MTS400CB was used as a heat
sensor in this implementation and it was connected to mote at every intermediate node.
The data was stored in IRIS as a numerical value for temperature and heat intensity
measured by MTS400CB sensor. Whenever the sensed value crosses the supplied threshold
for temperature, the functionality programmed for hazard situation was activated. In this
program the functionality in case of hazard was to notify the user on mobile or web
application over the internet. The data is supplied to the base station in form of information
packet containing node id. The packet is forwarded to transceiver periodically in every few
seconds with current status and most recent value of sensed data.
7. Project Implementation
The prototype implementation consists of WSN containing 1 computer and 4 IRIS board
with sensors (1 transceiver + 3 intermediate) to implement a heat detecting wireless sensor
network. The sensors were mounted on IRIS board and all the intermediate sensors were
12. 12
kept at a equal distance from the transceiver. The data transmission took place from the
sensor in which artificial heat source was applied to increase the temperature from normal
room temperature and to make it cross the programmed threshold value. The application of
artificial heat source caused the LED to flash on that specific sensor and demonstrated the
transfer of data. The temperature data was thus transmitted to the transceiver which is
cluster head. The transceiver in turn transmitted the information packet containing node ID
and temperature value to the base station connected to computer. The network topology of
nodes was visualized through MoteView software tool that provide the graphical interface
and client application. The code implemented in sensor nodes is presented in Appendix A.
Figure 2: Implementation of Heat sensing WSN
Following results were obtained by implementation of this heat sensing WSN
13. 13
Intermediate Node A detected heat=> Routing data from NODE A to TRANSCEIVER D
Intermediate Node B detects heat=> Routing data from NODE B to TRANSCEIVER D
Both node A and B detect heat=> Routed through TRANSCEIVER D.
No heat detection => No location specified to Receiver.
The sensor continuously transfers the received temperature values to the base station. The
output of the heat sensor network is shown on Figure 3.
Figure 3: Output of Heat Sensor Network
Further the Web page shown in Figure 4 was developed in PHP to display the alarm
notification whenever the temperature crossed the threshold value which was supplied 40
degree Celsius. The temperature values were supplied from the computer database which is
connected to underlying WSN. Apache server and MySQL database were used for
developing the web application. The code for the PHP application is provided in Appendix B.
14. 14
Figure 4: Web Page Output and Pop Up Window
Android based mobile application was developed to inform user with the pop-up
notification in case of the sensed temperature crossing hazardous threshold value received
from the environment. Free public services API was used to develop this mobile application.
The temperature notification content that informed user through the internet on web as a
web content was transformed into android application through this software. The output
and display messages of the android application are shown in figure 5.
16. 16
8. Summary
The prototype for heat sensing for hazardous temperature detection is successfully
implemented. 3 temperature sensors (intermediate nodes), four IRIS boards, and 1 MIB520 devices
have been used. The specifications of all the mentioned component were found sufficient to
implement this project. All our sensors were programmed in TinyOS operating system and nesC
programming language. Initially Cygwin command interface was used to test these sensors output
the temperature readings. The group then used Mote-View java based software tool that provided
the facility of displaying network topology with its graphical interface and client application between
a user and a deployed network of wireless sensors motes. The prototype can be implemented in
several locations such as dense forests where temperature change can cause disastrous outcomes
like forest fire so that those disasters can be avoided by taking appropriate measures in time. The
project can also find its application in home and building security for fire alarming system or it can
be used by fire services in towns to detect fire locations and take early actions to extinguish the fire.
17. 17
References
[1] W. Liao and H. Wang, “An asynchronous MAC protocol for wireless sensor
networks,” J. Netw. Comput. Applicat., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 807-820, Nov. 2008.
[2] T. To, M. Au, T. Nguyen, and M. Shinotsuka, “Light Sensing Wireless Network,” Dept.
Elect. Eng., Georgia Tech, Georgia, Proposal, Feb. 4, 2008.
[3] Alfandi.O, “A quick reference sheet for WSN Lab”. Retrieved April 2014.
(http://user.informatik.uni-
goettingen.de/~sensorlab/CourseDocs.php/SLQuickref.pdf).
[4] Crossbow, "Environmental sensor board," MTS420/400 datasheet, Dec. 2003
[Revised Aug. 2007].
[5] Crossbow, "Wireless measurement system," IRIS datasheet, Aug. 2004 [Revised Apr.
2007].
[6] Crossbow, “Crossbow Technology: IRIS 2.4GHz,” [Company Website], [cited 10 Sep.
2008], Available HTTP: http://www.xbow.com/Products/SelectCountry.aspx?sid=164
[7] Crossbow, “Crossbow Technology: MIB520-USB Gateway,” [Company Website],
(http://www.xbow.com/Products/productdetails.aspx?sid=227)
[8] Crossbow, “Crossbow Technology: MTS Sensor Boards,” [Company Website],
(http://www.xbow.com/Products/productdetails.aspx?sid=177)
19. 19
Connection conn =
DriverManager.getConnection(url+dbName,userName,password);
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
String query = "INSERT INTO Heatsensing(node_id, intersema_temp,
intersema_press, sensirion_temp) values(""+results.get_Node_Address()+"" , ""+
results.getElement_Intersema_data(0)+"" , ""+ results.getElement_Intersema_data(1)+"" , ""+
sensirionCalcData[0]+"" )";
// sensirion_press, visible_light, infrared_light, submission_datetime
int val = st.executeUpdate(query);
if(val==1)
{
out.println("Temperature is more then threshold value and
succesufully inserted");
}
conn.close();
}
}
else
{
out.println("Data not from this network's node");
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
out.println();
out.println();
}
}
private double[] calculateSensirion(int Temperature){
double [] converted = new double[1];
converted[0]=-39.4+(0.01*(double)Temperature);
return converted;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
if ( args.length == 2 && args[0].equals("-comm") ) {
Mts400Tester hy = new Mts400Tester(args[1]);
} else {
System.err.println("usage: java Mts400Tester [-comm <source>]");
System.exit(1);
}
20. 20
}
}
APPENDIX B
PHP code for Web Application
<?php
$page = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
$sec = "10";
header("Refresh: $sec; url=http://sensorlab.informatik.uni-
goettingen.de/pc01/vijay.soppadandi/test.php");
$dbhostname = '192.168.22.50';
$dbusername = 'slsummer14_g4';
$dbpassword = '2xqsHDXTPW3RfrKlMzpJupm3ug';
// 2xqsHDXTPW3RfrKlMzpJupm3ug
//http://sensorlab.informatik.uni-goettingen.de/pc01/vijay.soppadandi/test.php
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhostname, $dbusername, $dbpassword);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db("slsummer14_g4") or die(mysql_error());
$sql_statemanet = "select * from Heatsensing where alert is NULL order by PKID desc";
$rec_select = mysql_query( $sql_statemanet);
21. 21
if(! $rec_select )
{
die('Could not retrieve data: ' . mysql_error());
}
//Displaying fetched records to HTML table
echo "<table border='1'>";
echo "<tr> <th>PKID</th>
<th>node_id</th>
<th>intersema_temp</th>
<th>intersema_press</th>
<th> sensirion_temp </th> </tr>";
//echo "<td> <tr>PKID</tr> <tr>node_id</tr> <tr>intersema_temp</tr>
<tr>intersema_press</tr> <tr> sensirion_temp </tr> </td>";
// Using mysql_fetch_array() to get the next row until end of table rows
while($row = mysql_fetch_array( $rec_select )) {
//echo "<p>ALERT: Temperature is more then threshold value.</p>";
// Print out the contents of each row into a table
$message = "Temperature is more then threshold value";
echo "<script type='text/javascript'>alert('$message');</script>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>";
echo $row['PKID'];
echo "</td>";
//echo "</tr>";
//echo "<br/>";
// echo "<tr>";