n this paper a wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed from a group of radiation detector stations with different types of sensors. These stations are located in different areas and each sensor transmits its data through GSM network to the main monitoring and control station. The design includes GPS module to determine the location of mobile and fixed station. The data is transmitted with GSM/GPRS modem. Instead of using traditional SMS data string or word messages a digital data frame is constructed and transmitted as SMS data. In the main monitoring station graphical user interface (GUI) software is designed to shows information and statues of the all stations in the network. It reports any radiation leaks, in addition to the data; the GUI contains a geographical map to display the location of the leakage station and can control the stations power consumption by sending a special command to it.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
it has a small description about how wireless sensor system network can be applied in various field. A application of leaksge detection is discussed in detail.
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
it has a small description about how wireless sensor system network can be applied in various field. A application of leaksge detection is discussed in detail.
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of tiny mobile nodes, which
have the capability of computation, sensing and wireless network communication. The
energy efficiency of each node in such kind of networks is one of the important issues under
consideration. Thus for these networks, sensor nodes life time is basically depends on use of
routing protocols for routing operations in WSN. There are various routing protocols
proposed by different researchers, which are considered as efficient on the basis of
performance of network lifetime and energy scavenging. There are different routing
protocols introduced for WSN such as flat routing protocols, clustering routing protocols,
hierarchical routing protocols etc. On the other hand, there are basically two types of
WSNs, homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. As WSN is vulnerable to different
types of security threats, there are many security methods presented with their own
advantages and disadvantages. Most of security methods are applied only on homogeneous
WSN, but recently some methods were presented to provide the routing security in
heterogeneous WSNs as well. In this paper, the different security threats and Intrusions in
WSNs are presented, with review of different security methods.
Design for Postplacement Mousing based on GSM in Long-Distanceijeei-iaes
This design for mousing is made up of power control module, infrared sensor module, signal processing module, distance information transportation based on GSM and device of power grid. The design consists of two sets of conductors, separately linked by fire wire and null line and distributing alternatively. The major innovation is infrared sensor module with Fresnel lens, and that the infrared detecting area should be spread in one direction at least. When the mouse get into the infrared detecting area, the sensor signal of infrared detecting device is sent to power control module through signal element and then starts the device of power grid to power up to make the mouse be shocked or die. GSM module is adopted to tell that the mouse is caught successfully. This design can be placed in any position that the mouse is always out and no need of baits.
BITS PILANI IoT PG PROGRAMME DESIGN ASSESSMENT.
The goal of the design assessment is to detect and predict forest fire promptly and accurately to minimize the loss of forests, wild animals, and people in the forest fire.
Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBeeijtsrd
A large number of valuable forests are destroyed in every second caused by fire around the world. As a result of insufficient information of firefighting cannot be provided in time to the occurrence of fire places. Therefore, the lives of people, animals and valuable forest have been lost for wild fire. This proposed system is designed by using sensors nodes and empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies. The system mainly consists of three parts detecting part, monitoring part and wireless sensor network part. The detecting part was devised using Simulated Sensor Program. Temperature sensor LM35 , humidity sensor DHT 11 and gas sensor MQ2 detect the occurrence of forest fire. The monitoring part is integrated with LCD display. The ZigBee protocol is utilized for the wireless sensor network communication. Sakawah Hlaing | Soe Nay Lynn Aung ""Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBee"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25139.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25139/monitoring-of-forest-fire-detection-system-using-zigbee/sakawah-hlaing
Wireless Mesh Networking - A development patheveryunitone
A brief introduction in applying wireless mesh networking to the geotechnical industry. Presented at the Field Measurements in Geomechanics symposium, Boston, MA in 2007.
[Apologies for the malformed animations]
Remote Monitoring of Crop Field Using Wireless Sensor NetworkIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of tiny mobile nodes, which
have the capability of computation, sensing and wireless network communication. The
energy efficiency of each node in such kind of networks is one of the important issues under
consideration. Thus for these networks, sensor nodes life time is basically depends on use of
routing protocols for routing operations in WSN. There are various routing protocols
proposed by different researchers, which are considered as efficient on the basis of
performance of network lifetime and energy scavenging. There are different routing
protocols introduced for WSN such as flat routing protocols, clustering routing protocols,
hierarchical routing protocols etc. On the other hand, there are basically two types of
WSNs, homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. As WSN is vulnerable to different
types of security threats, there are many security methods presented with their own
advantages and disadvantages. Most of security methods are applied only on homogeneous
WSN, but recently some methods were presented to provide the routing security in
heterogeneous WSNs as well. In this paper, the different security threats and Intrusions in
WSNs are presented, with review of different security methods.
Design for Postplacement Mousing based on GSM in Long-Distanceijeei-iaes
This design for mousing is made up of power control module, infrared sensor module, signal processing module, distance information transportation based on GSM and device of power grid. The design consists of two sets of conductors, separately linked by fire wire and null line and distributing alternatively. The major innovation is infrared sensor module with Fresnel lens, and that the infrared detecting area should be spread in one direction at least. When the mouse get into the infrared detecting area, the sensor signal of infrared detecting device is sent to power control module through signal element and then starts the device of power grid to power up to make the mouse be shocked or die. GSM module is adopted to tell that the mouse is caught successfully. This design can be placed in any position that the mouse is always out and no need of baits.
BITS PILANI IoT PG PROGRAMME DESIGN ASSESSMENT.
The goal of the design assessment is to detect and predict forest fire promptly and accurately to minimize the loss of forests, wild animals, and people in the forest fire.
Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBeeijtsrd
A large number of valuable forests are destroyed in every second caused by fire around the world. As a result of insufficient information of firefighting cannot be provided in time to the occurrence of fire places. Therefore, the lives of people, animals and valuable forest have been lost for wild fire. This proposed system is designed by using sensors nodes and empowering them to communicate with each other through wireless technologies. The system mainly consists of three parts detecting part, monitoring part and wireless sensor network part. The detecting part was devised using Simulated Sensor Program. Temperature sensor LM35 , humidity sensor DHT 11 and gas sensor MQ2 detect the occurrence of forest fire. The monitoring part is integrated with LCD display. The ZigBee protocol is utilized for the wireless sensor network communication. Sakawah Hlaing | Soe Nay Lynn Aung ""Monitoring of Forest Fire Detection System using ZigBee"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25139.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25139/monitoring-of-forest-fire-detection-system-using-zigbee/sakawah-hlaing
Wireless Mesh Networking - A development patheveryunitone
A brief introduction in applying wireless mesh networking to the geotechnical industry. Presented at the Field Measurements in Geomechanics symposium, Boston, MA in 2007.
[Apologies for the malformed animations]
Remote Monitoring of Crop Field Using Wireless Sensor NetworkIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Data Flow in Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Stack by using Bellman-Ford Rou...journalBEEI
Wireless sensor network consists various sensor nodes that are used to monitor any target area like forest fire detection by our army person and monitoring any industrial activity by industry manager. Wireless sensor networks have been deployed in several cities to monitor the concentration of dangerous gases for citizens. In wireless sensor network when sensor nodes communicate from each other then routing protocol are used for communication between protocol layers. Wireless sensor network protocol stack consist five layers such as Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, MAC Layer, Physical layer. In this paper we study and analysis Bellman-Ford routing algorithm and check the flow of data between these protocol layers. For simulation purpose we are using Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator tool.
Unconstrained health monitoring and effective position tracking using wireles...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The paper introduces a wireless sensor network platform specifically designed for the protection of workers employed in the building sector. The network configuration makes use of GSM communication which provides a more efficient and long range wireless transmission. The system has been developed to determine two different kinds of information, heart beat rate and latitude and longitude corresponding to the location of each worker. These data provide a periodic update of both health and position inside their working environment by sending SMS to higher officials. The sensor node is embedded on the worker garment by integrating within the fabric which forms a unique structure. This system provides a secure environment for the safety of constructional workers by the real-time monitoring of their working surface.
Keywords—GSM communication; Wireless Sensor Netowrks; Real-time monitoring; safety.
A ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Environmentijsrd.com
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as light, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node.
Wireless Network For Strategic Boundary Supervision SystemjournalBEEI
The major trouble with national security is "Terrorism" happening in borders. In border areas, regular forces or even satellites cannot monitor accurately intruding. The wireless sensor network scheme gives a possible way to explain this issue. To outline a wireless remote system of estimated sensor motes that contains various installed sensors and a processor to detect and impart an adversary interruption crosswise over a border and war zones. The idea is to distribute many smartdust motes inside an enormous geological region. Every one of these motes shapes a remote system, and one of them will go about as the system organiser that can control the whole system and furthermore goes about as a passage to the outside world. The preferred standpoint with these little motes is that it can be conveyed in a couple of hours by a pair of men or even dropped from an airborne helicopter. Every mote comprises of an assortment of sensors to distinguish every single potential type of interruption.
Design and implementation of heterogeneous surface gateway for underwater aco...IJECEIAES
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) are used for diverse purposes such as pollution monitoring, disaster prevention and industrial sensing in the oceans. Especially, UASNs are mainly focusing on monitoring various underwater environmental data and delivering the data to a monitoring center where nearby or far from the deployed area. To reliably deliver the data, a surface gateway should convert acoustic signal to RF (Radio Frequency) signal. In this paper, we devise a multiple interfaces-based surface gateway that can connect both a cellular network and a Zigbee network. Depends on the service requirement, the surface gateway can easily adopt each wireless interface and relay the data to a low power ZigBee network or a long range CDMA network.
Wireless Sensor Network – Theoretical Findings and ApplicationsAshishDPatel1
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of tiny sensor nodes scattered on a relatively large geographical area. The nodes are cooperative in nature, that is, they can communication with one another or to a central control unit. The work of each such node is to collect the information from surrounding like pressure, temperature, humidity, magnetic fields, optical fields etc [2]. Actually they are ad hoc network with some additional constraints. The node should be capable enough for power consumption, collection of data, self healing, mobility, self configuration to name a few. These features of WSN node differentiate it from conventional ad hoc networks [14]. This survey paper aims at reporting wireless sensor network, its design, networking of nodes, and security in system. In this paper, fundamentals of wireless sensor network are discussed. Different component like sensor, microcontroller, battery require for sensor networks are explained in detail. We have tried to include all the aspects of WSN. The Protocols, Operating Systems, tools require for WSN node programming and some security issues are also discussed.
A servey on wireless mesh networking moduleeSAT Journals
Abstract
There is a rapid development in sensor devices as well as increase in communication range with various low power wireless radio
transmitter and receiver using wireless mesh network. Wireless mesh networking is useful to collect the information from different
sensors that are widely distributed over a large area. In this survey, we mainly focus on open source module that is shown by
various authors. For this purpose many authors use Zigbee module for the development of sensor systems with capability of mesh
networking. In this survey, we mainly focus on wireless mesh networking, for that we studied different wireless sensors to transmit
and receive the data from them and can monitor the output at regular interval on our screen. WSN consist of different sensors that
are distributed with the capabilities of computing, processing and communication can continuouslysense the data in terms of
packets and transmit that data at regular interval. They design such model in which integrates the various functions such as type
of network, data routing and scheduled of transmission data. Also design wireless mesh network structure for various monitoring
application such as industrial, agricultural, medical and so many with a good average packet delivery ratio upto 93%. This
proposed system has the advantage of low cost combined with high reliable information of transmitter without complications of
wireless mesh networking. And finally we conclude from that study of WMN, the range of communication can be increased by
Using Pro-Zigbee module (up to 1.6Km) as well as we can monitor that, if one of the node is fail to transmit a data ,then their
data will automatically stored in neighboring node as backup.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Wireless Mesh Network, Different Sensors, Zigbee Module.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Dynamic Communication of Wireless Sensor Network IJERA Editor
The aim of present this paper is to the describes the design of a wireless sensor network and RFID communication based on ZigBee technology. It is mainly used for dynamic communication with various nodes. For communication and connected coverage here used various algorithms which improves the efficiency of the system. Here temperature sensor are used for sensor nodes for observation and analysis of node communication with real time application. Verifying the dynamic communication between the nodes and overcome the collision problems between master and slaves. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime, it compare approach with the shortest path and RANDOM algorithm with nearest neighbor approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime achieved by the proposed method could be increased by nearly Twenty five percent more than that obtained by the RANDOM and by nearly Twenty percent more than that obtained by the Local Connect Then Cover (LCTC)
Education set for collecting and visualizing data using sensor system based o...IJMER
This article presents the issues of the wireless sensor measuring systems design which might
be used in education process of computer science faculty. The work shows the integration of a simple
measuring system, data management system, visual system and the hardware. Education set is designed
to consolidate knowledge in many fields of computer science and the interdependence between them, as
programming techniques, database, Web server, communications protocols, software and hardware.
Presented measuring sensor system consists of a number of measurement nodes, whose role is to
provide information about certain desirable characteristics, warning against natural hazards or
violation of the physical safety. An important part of the sensor system is a measuring subsystem and
the collecting measurement data subsystem. The article presents the temperature measurement sensor
system concepts and measurement data storage and visualization methods
Performance Analysis of Fault Detection in Round Trip Delay and Path Wireless...Editor IJMTER
In recent years, wsns detect to the fault sensor node based on round trip delay using path
in wireless sensor networks. Portable sensor node is low cost in Wsns . Measured in the round trip
delay time and number of sensor node. Existing method is used to large value of sensor node,
identification of sensor node time and distance . it is used to linear selection path, disadvantages are
data loss, more number of path, complexity. in this proposed method using distributed autonomous
sensor software implementation in NS2.it is detected fault sensor node and malfunction ,in this
analysis time and path using discrete Rtp. real time applicability in received signal strength ,separate
wavelength for end of the node avoid the data loss and complexity. Hardware implementation using
ZigBee and Microcontroller .Equal to the hardware and software implementation. It is overcomes to
the data loss. comparing the threshold and Rtd time. Finally, the algorithm is tested under different
number of faulty sensors in the same area. Our Simulation results demonstrate that the time
consumed to find out the faulty nodes in our proposed algorithm is relatively less with a large
number of faulty sensors existing in the network.
Similar to Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detection (20)
An Heterogeneous Population-Based Genetic Algorithm for Data Clusteringijeei-iaes
As a primary data mining method for knowledge discovery, clustering is a technique of classifying a dataset into groups of similar objects. The most popular method for data clustering K-means suffers from the drawbacks of requiring the number of clusters and their initial centers, which should be provided by the user. In the literature, several methods have proposed in a form of k-means variants, genetic algorithms, or combinations between them for calculating the number of clusters and finding proper clusters centers. However, none of these solutions has provided satisfactory results and determining the number of clusters and the initial centers are still the main challenge in clustering processes. In this paper we present an approach to automatically generate such parameters to achieve optimal clusters using a modified genetic algorithm operating on varied individual structures and using a new crossover operator. Experimental results show that our modified genetic algorithm is a better efficient alternative to the existing approaches.
Development of a Wireless Sensors Network for Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlijeei-iaes
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) could be used to monitor and control many parameters of environment such as temperature, humidity, and radiation leakage. In greenhouse the weather and soil should be independent of the natural agents. To achieve this condition a wireless sensor nodes could be deployed and communicate with a central base station to measure and transmit the sensed required environment factors. In this paper a WSN was implemented by deployed wireless sensor nodes in a greenhouse with temperature, humidity, moisture light, and CO2 sensors. The proposed model was built and tested, and the result shows an excellent improvement in the sensed parameters. To control the environmental factors, the used microcontroller programmed to control the parameters according to preset values, or manually through a user interface panel.
Analysis of Genetic Algorithm for Effective power Delivery and with Best Upsurgeijeei-iaes
Wireless network is ready for hundreds or thousands of nodes, where each node is connected to one or sometimes more sensors. WSN sensor integrated circuits, embedded systems, networks, modems, wireless communication and dissemination of information. The sensor may be an obligation to technology and science. Recent developments underway to miniaturization and low power consumption. They act as a gateway, and prospective clients, I usually have the data on the server WSN. Other components separate routing network routers, called calculating and distributing routing tables. Discussed the routing of wireless energy balance. Optimization solutions, we have created a genetic algorithm. Before selecting an algorithm proposed for the construction of the center console. In this study, the algorithms proposed model simulated results based on "parameters depending dead nodes, the number of bits transmitted to a base station, where the number of units sent to the heads of fuel consumption compared to replay and show that the proposed algorithm has a network of a relative.
Investigation of TTMC-SVPWM Strategies for Diode Clamped and Cascaded H-bridg...ijeei-iaes
This paper presents a concept of two types multilevel inverters such as diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge for harmonic reduction on high power applications. Normally, multilevel inverters can be used to reduce the harmonic problems in electrical distribution systems. This paer focused on the performance and analysis of a three phase seven level inverter including diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge based on new tripizodal triangular space vector PWM technique approaches. TTMC based modified Space vector Pulse width modulation technique so called tripizodal triangular Space vector Pulse width modulation (TTMC-SVPWM) technique. In this paper the reference sine wave generated as in case of conventional off set injected SVPWM technique. It is observed that the TTMC-Space vector pulse width modulation ensures excellent, close to optimized pulse distribution results and THD is compared to seven level, diode clamped and cascaded multi level inverters. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power Compensation for Cost And Loss Minimiz...ijeei-iaes
One of the concerns of power system planners is the problem of optimum cost of generation as well as loss minimization on the grid system. This issue can be addressed in a number of ways; one of such ways is the use of reactive power support (shunt capacitor compensation). This paper used the method of shunt capacitor placement for cost and transmission loss minimization on Nigerian power grid system which is a 24-bus, 330kV network interconnecting four thermal generating stations (Sapele, Delta, Afam and Egbin) and three hydro stations to various load points. Simulation in MATLAB was performed on the Nigerian 330kV transmission grid system. The technique employed was based on the optimal power flow formulations using Newton-Raphson iterative method for the load flow analysis of the grid system. The results show that when shunt capacitor was employed as the inequality constraints on the power system, there is a reduction in the total cost of generation accompanied with reduction in the total system losses with a significant improvement in the system voltage profile
Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Custom Power Devices: A Reviewijeei-iaes
Electrical power quality (EPQ) in distribution systems is a critical issue for commercial, industrial and residential applications. The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review on D-STATCOM, DVR and UPQC to solve the electrical power quality problems of the distribution networks. This is intended to present a broad overview of the various possible DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC configurations for single-phase (two wire) and three-phase (three-wire and four-wire) networks and control strategies for the compensation of various power quality disturbances. Apart from this, comprehensive explanation, comparison, and discussion on D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC are presented. This paper is aimed to explore a broad prospective on the status of D-STATCOMs, DVRs, and UPQCs to researchers, engineers and the community dealing with the power quality enhancement. A classified list of some latest research publications on the topic is also appended for a quick reference.
Comparison of Dynamic Stability Response of A SMIB with PI and Fuzzy Controll...ijeei-iaes
Consumer utilities are non –linear in nature. This injects increased flow of current and reduced voltage with distortions which cause adverse effect on the stability of consumer utilities. To overcome this problem we are using a modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System controller i.e. distributed power flow controller (DPFC). This controller is similar to UPFC, which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. In DPFC, instead of the common Dc link capacitor three single phase converters are used. In this paper we are concentrating on system stability (oscillation damping). For analyzing the stability of a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) we have used PI controlled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Fuzzy controlled DPFC. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows Fuzzy controlled DPFC are better than PI controlled DPFC. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply.
Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Solving Reactive Power ...ijeei-iaes
This paper proposes Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) algorithm for solving reactive power problem .The main concept of Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization is to extend the single population PSO to the interacting multi-swarm model. Through this multi-swarm cooperative approach, diversity in the whole swarm community can be upheld. Concurrently, the swarm-to-swarm mechanism drastically speeds up the swarm community to converge to the global near optimum. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and results show that Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) is more efficient in reducing the Real power losses when compared to other standard reported algorithms.
Intelligent Management on the Home Consumers with Zero Energy Consumptionijeei-iaes
The energy and environment crisis has forced modern humans to think about new and clean energy sources and in particular, renewable energy sources. With the development of home network, the residents have the opportunity to plan the home electricity usage with the goal of reducing the cost of electricity. In this regard, to improve the energy consumption efficiency in residential buildings, smart buildings with zero energy consumption were considered as a proper option. Zero-energy building is a building that has smart equipment whose integral of generated and consumed power within a year is zero. In this article, smart devices submit their power consumption with regard to the requested activity associated with the user’s time setting for run times and end times of the work to the energy management unit and ultimately the time to start work will be determined. The problem’s target function is reducing the energy cost for the consumer with taking into account the applicable limitations.
Analysing Transportation Data with Open Source Big Data Analytic Toolsijeei-iaes
Big data analytics allows a vast amount of structured and unstructured data to be effectively processed so that correlations, hidden patterns, and other useful information can be mined from the data. Several open source big data analytic tools that can perform tasks such as dimensionality reduction, feature extraction, transformation, optimization, are now available. One interesting area where such tools can provide effective solutions is transportation. Big data analytics can be used to efficiently manage transport infrastructure assets such as roads, airports, bus stations or ports. In this paper an overview of two open source big data analytic tools is first provided followed by a simple demonstration of application of these tools on transport dataset.
A Pattern Classification Based approach for Blur Classificationijeei-iaes
Blur type identification is one of the most crucial step of image restoration. In case of blind restoration of such images, it is generally assumed that the blur type is known prior to restoration of such images. However, it is not practical in real applications. So, blur type identification is extremely desirable before application of blind restoration technique to restore a blurred image. An approach to categorize blur in three classes namely motion, defocus, and combined blur is presented in this paper. Curvelet transform based energy features are utilized as features of blur patterns and a neural network is designed for classification. The simulation results show preciseness of proposed approach.
Computing Some Degree-Based Topological Indices of Grapheneijeei-iaes
Graphene is one of the most promising nanomaterial because of its unique combination of superb properties, which opens a way for its exploitation in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from electronics to optics, sensors, and bio devices. Inspired by recent work on Graphene of computing topological indices, here we compute new topological indices viz. Arithmetic-Geometric index (AG2 index), SK3 index and Sanskruti index of a molecular graph G and obtain the explicit formulae of these indices for Graphene.
A Lyapunov Based Approach to Enchance Wind Turbine Stabilityijeei-iaes
This paper introduces a nonlinear control of a wind turbine based on a Double Feed Induction Generator. The Rotor Side converter is controlled by using field oriented control and Backstepping strategy to enhance the dynamic stability response. The Grid Side converter is controlled by a sliding mode. These methods aim to increase dynamic system stability for variable wind speed. Hence, The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is studied in order to illustrate its behavior in case of severe disturbance, and its dynamic response in grid connected mode for variable speed wind operation. The model is presented and simulated under Matlab/ Simulink.
Fuzzy Control of a Large Crane Structureijeei-iaes
The usage of tower cranes, one type of rotary cranes, is common in many industrial structures, e.g., shipyards, factories, etc. With the size of these cranes becoming larger and the motion expected to be faster and has no prescribed path, their manual operation becomes difficult and hence, automatic closed-loop control schemes are very important in the operation of rotary crane. In this paper, the plant of concern is a tower crane consists of a rotatable jib that carries a trolley which is capable of traveling over the length of the jib. There is a pendulum-like end line attached to the trolley through a cable of variable length. A fuzzy logic controller with various types of membership functions is implemented for controlling the position of the trolley and damping the load oscillations. It consists of two main types of controllers radial and rotational each of two fuzzy inference engines (FIEs). The radial controller is used to control the trolley position and the rotational is used for damping the load oscillations. Computer simulations are used to verify the performance of the controller. The results from the simulations show the effectiveness of the method in the control of tower crane keeping load swings small at the end of motion.
Site Diversity Technique Application on Rain Attenuation for Lagosijeei-iaes
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Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detection
1. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2017, pp. 37~43
ISSN: 2089-3272, DOI: 10.11591/ijeei.v5i1.254 37
Received September 29, 2016; Revised January 23, 2017; Accepted February 8, 2017
Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detection
Moez Altayeb
1
, Suliman Abdalla
1*
, Marwa Mekki
2
1
Instrumentation Centre, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, P.O.Box 3001 Khartoum – Sudan
2
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira
e-mail: mohedahmed@hotmail.com, Suliman2003@hotmail.com*
Abstract
In this paper a wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed from a group of radiation detector
stations with different types of sensors. These stations are located in different areas and each sensor
transmits its data through GSM network to the main monitoring and control station. The design includes
GPS module to determine the location of mobile and fixed station. The data is transmitted with
GSM/GPRS modem. Instead of using traditional SMS data string or word messages a digital data frame is
constructed and transmitted as SMS data. In the main monitoring station graphical user interface (GUI)
software is designed to shows information and statues of the all stations in the network. It reports any
radiation leaks, in addition to the data; the GUI contains a geographical map to display the location of the
leakage station and can control the stations power consumption by sending a special command to it.
Keywords: radiation, GSM, GPS, GUI, GSM/GPRS, WSN
1. Introduction
The monitoring of radiation sources becomes a very important job now a day. The use
of radiation sources is increased on several and many ways on our life. For instance it used for
testing and quality purposes on industrial and manufacturing. In medical it used for treating,
physical testing and experimenting. In addition, it also used in electric power reactors and many
other ways. These radiation sources can cause some quantity of leaks during direct use or
storage. These leakages can make a very dangerous physical injury for human and others.
Electronic radiation sensors are a good solution for this problem but it is difficult to use and
monitor separately.
To simplify this, a wireless sensor network is a power full solution. Radiation sensors
are connected in nodes and passing its data to a main monitoring and control station through a
wireless network. This technique makes the control of radiation leak more perfect and easy.
Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, wireless
communications, and digital electronics have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power,
multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate undeterred in short
distances.
These tiny sensor nodes, which consist of sensing, data processing, and
communicating components, leverage the idea of sensor networks based on collaborative effort
of a large number of nodes. Sensor networks represent a significant improvement over
traditional sensors, which are deployed in the following two ways [1]; the first sensors can be
positioned far from the actual phenomenon, i.e., something known by sense perception. In this
approach, large sensors that use some complex techniques to distinguish the targets from
environmental noise are required. The second approach is several sensors that perform only
sensing can be deployed. The positions of the sensors and communications topology are
carefully engineered. They transmit time series of the sensed phenomenon to the central nodes
where computations are performed and data are fused. The more modern networks are bi-
directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor
networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such
networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as environmental
monitoring, industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on[2].
In general, within the sensor field, WSNs employ random-access channel sharing and
transmission techniques that are now incorporated in the IEEE 802 family of standards; indeed,
these techniques were originally developed in the late 1960s and 1970s expressly for wireless
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IJEEI Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2017 : 37 – 43
38
environments and for large sets of dispersed nodes with limited channel-management
intelligence. However, other channel management techniques are also available [3].
The WSN is built of nodes, from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where
each node is connected to one or sometimes several sensors. Each such sensor network node
has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an
external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an
energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. A sensor
node might vary in size from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, although
functioning "motes" (sensor node and wireless node) of genuine microscopic dimensions have
not yet to be created. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from a few to
hundreds of dollars, depending on the complexity of the individual sensor nodes. Size and cost
constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy,
memory, computational speed and communications bandwidth[4].
2. Methodology
2.1. Sensor Nodes
Each sensor node has a sensor which can be GM tube, PIN diode, and photodiode.
The function of the sensor is to detect radiations leakage on its position .The sensors are
connected to their conditioning circuits and the ARDUINO UNO R3 microcontroller [5] is used to
receive the signal from sensors and sends a warning message to the monitoring station through
the GSM/GPRS modem [6]. To save the power on the sensor stations, the modem is set on
power off state when there is no radiation detected. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the
WSN.
2.2. Additional Nodes
To monitor two or more radiation sources in the same station location, a mini sensor
nodes that has the same components except the GPRS/GSM modem is used. These nodes
monitor and control the stock which is used to store the radiation sources. Such sensor nodes
include smoke detector, temperature sensor, water leaks, and water tank to be used for safety
purposes. They are controlled by (PLC) system.
2.3. Data Processing
Data is sent to the main station as GSM message format. All nodes data is grouped in a
frame with special format. The frame contains three fields the first field is station information
(station number or name) with tow digit flowed by second field station location then third field
three bits for sensors status. The frame can contain others fields as the design of the node
require .The microcontroller software takes the location data from the GPS module [7] and put it
in its field in SMS frame. The GPS system is useful in cases that the sensor station is not fixed
on its position (automobile). Figure2 shows an aautomotive station with GPS module. The frame
is sends to a computer where a software function processes it and extracts its data and displays
it in a Graphical User Interface (GUI).In addition to the software process there is a database on
the monitoring station. The database contains information about each node on the network such
as (station hardware, communication type, and sensor detector type).
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Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detection (Moez Altayeb)
39
Figure 1. The block diagram of WSN
2.4. Connection and Communication
The connection between the sensors and their node is done by using microcontroller
board and the communication between any node and the main station is done through the
GSM/GPRS network. In the mini stations, the communication
between the sensors in the same station is done by RF transceiver [8], then the microcontroller
in the sensor station send a frame of data to the sensor node. Figure3 illustrates the
communication between sensor stations and GSM network.
Figure 2. Automotive station with GPS module (1:GPS satellite,2:GSM,network 3:monotring
station)
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3. Design and Results
3.1. The Control Board
To achieve signal processing and data transmitting on all stations, ARDUINO UNO R3
microcontroller board is used. The board is suitable because it has a built-in ADC used to
receive data from sensors. More than one sensor can be connected the microcontroller. The
microcontroller then sends a frame of data in the form of GSM SMS to the main station board.
Figure 3. Sensor station (MICRO, GPRS/GSM, PHOTO DIOED)
3.2. SMS Frame Construction
The microcontroller sends a frame of data through RF system to the sensor station with
GPRS/GSM modem .The connection between the two sensor nodes in the same station is done
by RF transceiver. The sensor node with the GSM/GPRS modem is responded to send its data
and all other data to the main monitoring station.
The most important data in the network is the radiation sensor data bit. When the
microcontroller receive a radiation signal on its ADC channel port, it sets the radiation bit on the
frame to 1 then it checks the smoke detector statues from its input port which connected to the
PLC. If the input is 1, that means the PLC report a fire condition, this makes the microcontroller
to set the smoke bit of the frame to 1. If the input from the PLC is 0 the microcontroller keeps
the default value on the frame in 0. For setting the location bits on the frame to the right value
the microcontroller sends command to the GPS system and the module response by sending a
frame through the UART. The microcontroller takes the location data from the GPS frame and
put it on its position in SMS frame. The GPS system is useful when the sensor station is not on
a fixed position.
The temperature sensor can be used in two ways: if it connected directly to the micro
controller then its value in the SMS frame will be the real station temperature and if it connected
to the PLC it will be adjusted to limited temperature value. Then its normal open switch closed
when the station temperature reaches this value. In this case its bits in the SMS frame will set to
1. Finally the microcontroller put the station number on the first two bits and the frame is
completed and ready for transmission. Figure 4 shows an Example of SMS station frame in
normal condition.
The microcontroller sends a pulse on its output port to the modem to power it and this
will take only one second. After the modem powered on the microcontroller sends the frame to it
as SMS the modem delivers the SMS to the destination station through the GSM network.
5. IJEEI ISSN: 2089-3272
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ST NO GPS(x,y) RAD SMOKE TEMP
01 32,16 0 0 24
Figure 4: Example of SMS station frame in normal condition
3.3. GUI Design
When the frame is received in the monitoring station, software functions extract its data
and process it and passed the processed data to the GUI window. The main monitoring and
control station hardware consists of microcontroller and GSM modem. Figure 5 explains a
monitoring station hardware and computer GUI .The GUI receives and sends data from and to
the hardware with the universal a synchronous receiver transmitter (UART). The design of
graphical user interface GUI is useful on displaying all information and data about all of the
network nodes. It contains several software functions each of them has specific job. Start
connect function goal is to open a port in the computer and make configuration for its property
with special setting and connect it with the microcontroller port. Other function used to receive
data from the modem and process it. An a functions used for displaying the processed data like
location data in the map and radiation warning signal as red blinking square.
Figure 5. Monitoring station hardware and computer GUI
The GUI window also contains a control field with optional services like sending SMS
warning message or a stored voice call to any cell phone number. The software function of this
field sends special AT modem command [4] with the input phone number from the GUI input
field to the GSM modem. Other optional service is the fire fighting system (water pumps) on the
remote sensor station can be direct accessed by the GUI in case of automatic system failure
figure 6 shows the window of the GUI with the output data which is get when test the remote
sensor station. The red txet and smal circle in the map represents the location of the tested
station, this location wil still blinking with animation until it cancelled by the user .The small table
shwos all the data of the tested station. All the data and information in the GUI window can be
genrated as areport file by the software
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Figure 6. the GUI window in the monitor station
3.4. Power Consumption Monitoring
The microcontroller in the sensor station sends a signal to power on the modem then it
sends the warning message. After the message received by the monitoring station in the
destination the monitoring station send back a message to the sensor station that the leak is
detected and to power off its modem to save its power figure 7 shows circuit’s current in Amp
before and during modem on/off condition .The signal under the current is the pulse introduced
by the microcontroller to power on/off the modem. The duration of the pulse is one second, the
vertical line represents the current in AMP and the horizontal line represents time in seconds.
Figure 7. Circuit’s current in Amp before and during modem on/off condition
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4. Conclusions
The task of this project is to demonstrate a self-powered wireless radiation detector with
global communication capabilities. The proposed wireless detectors can operate independent of
maintenance and human intervention for several years. Low cost and high spatial resolution can
be achieved. To verify the concept of the proposed wireless detectors a field test will be
performed and a sensor network will be deployed at sites of national interest.
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